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<h1>CI/CD Pipeline - Hands-on</h1>
<h2 id="jenkins-based-cicd-pipeline">Jenkins based CI/CD Pipeline</h2>
<p>Jenkins is an open-source continuous integration server for orchestrating the CI/CD pipelines. It supports integration with several components, infrastructure such as git, cloud etc. that helps in complete software development life cycle.</p>
<p>In this hands-on lab, let us:
* Create a build pipeline (CI) for a simple java application.
* Adding Test stage to build pipeline</p>
<p>This hands-on is based on the Jenkins running on docker on your local workstation, designed for Windows OS. For Linux OS, please follow the <a href="https://www.jenkins.io/doc/tutorials/build-a-java-app-with-maven/">demo</a></p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> The hands-on lab is designed with Jenkins on the docker. However, the steps are applicable for the direct docker installation on your windows workstation as well.</p>
<h3 id="installing-git-docker-and-jenkins">Installing Git, Docker and Jenkins:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Install git command line tool on your workstation. (Follow <a href="https://suwebdev.github.io/wats-lab-faq/first-question.html#download-and-install-git">this</a> to install Git Locally·) </li>
<li>Docker Desktop for windows is installed on the workstation. Follow the <a href="https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-windows/install/#install-docker-desktop-on-windows">instructions</a> to install docker. </li>
<li>Ensure that your Docker for Windows installation is configured to run Linux Containers rather than Windows Containers. See the Docker documentation for instructions to switch to Linux containers.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.jenkins.io/doc/tutorials/build-a-java-app-with-maven/#on-windows">Refer</a> this to run and setup the Jenkins on docker.</li>
<li>Configure Jenkins with initial steps such as create an admin user etc. Follow Setup wizard.</li>
<li>If you have installed the Jenkins on your local workstation, make sure the maven tool is installed. Follow <a href="https://maven.apache.org/install.html">this</a> to installl maven.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="forking-sample-java-application">Forking Sample java application:</h3>
<p>For this hands-on, let us fork a simple java application from the GitHub <a href="https://github.com/jenkins-docs/simple-java-maven-app">simple-java-maven-app</a>.
1. Sign up for the GitHub account <a href="https://github.com/signup?source=login">Join GitHub · GitHub</a>. Once signed up, proceed to <a href="https://github.com/login">login</a>.
2. Open the simple-java-maven-app by clicking on this <a href="https://github.com/jenkins-docs/simple-java-maven-app">link</a>
3. On the top right corner, click on the Fork to create a copy of the project to your GitHub account. (Refer <a href="https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/">Fork A Repo</a>)
4. Once forked, clone this repository to your local workstation. </p>
<h3 id="create-jenkins-project">Create Jenkins Project:</h3>
<ol>
<li>Login to the Jenkins portal at <a href="http://localhost:8080">http://localhost:8080</a> using the admin account created earlier during Jenkinss setup.</li>
<li>On your first login, the following screen will appear. Click on “<strong>Create a Job</strong>”.</li>
</ol>
<p><img alt="" src="../images/Jenkins1.png" /></p>
<p><em>Fig 4: Jenkins - Create a Job</em></p>
<ol>
<li>On the next screen, type <em>simple-java-pipeline</em> in the <strong>Enter an Item Name</strong> field. Select <em>Pipeline</em> from the list of items and click <em>OK</em>.</li>
</ol>
<p><img alt="" src="../images/Jenkins2.png" /></p>
<p><em>Fig 5: Jenkins - Create Pipeline</em></p>
<ol>
<li>Click the <strong>Pipeline</strong> tab at the top of the page to scroll down to the <em>Pipeline</em> section.</li>
<li>From the <strong>Definition</strong> field, choose the <em>Pipeline script from SCM</em> option. This option instructs Jenkins to obtain your Pipeline from Source Control Management (SCM), which will be your locally cloned Git repository.</li>
<li>From the <strong>SCM</strong> field, choose <em>Git</em>.</li>
<li>In the <strong>Repository URL</strong> field, specify the directory path of your locally cloned repository from the <a href="#forking-sample-java-application:">Forking Sample Java application</a> section above.</li>
</ol>
<p>Screen looks like below after entering the details.</p>
<p><img alt="" src="../images/Jenkins3.png" /></p>
<p><em>Fig 6: Jenkins - Pipeline Configuration</em></p>
<h3 id="create-build-pipeline-using-the-jenkinsfile">Create Build pipeline using the Jenkinsfile:</h3>
<p><strong>Jenkinsfile</strong> is a script file containing the pipeline configuration and the stages and other instructions to Jenkins to create a pipeline from the file. This file will be saved at the root of the code repository.
1. Using your favorite text editor or IDE, create and save a new text file with the name <em>Jenkinsfile</em> at the root of your local <em>simple-java-maven-app</em> Git repository.
2. Copy the following declarative pipeline code and paste it into the empty <em>Jenkinsfile</em>. </p>
<pre><code>pipeline {
agent {
docker {
image 'maven:3.8.1-adoptopenjdk-11'
args '-v /root/.m2:/root/.m2'
}
}
stages {
stage('Build') {
steps {
sh 'mvn -B -DskipTests clean package'
}
}
}
}
</code></pre>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> If you are running Jenkins on your local workstation without the docker, please change the agent to <strong>any</strong> as shown below so that it runs on the localhost. Please ensure that the maven tool is installed on your local workstation.</p>
<pre><code>pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Build') {
steps {
sh 'mvn -B -DskipTests clean package'
}
}
}
}
</code></pre>
<p>In the above Jenkinsfile:
* We specified an agent where the pipeline should run. 'docker in the agent section indicates to run a new docker container with the specified image.
* In the stages section, we can define multiple steps as different stages. Here, we have a stage called Build, with the maven command for building the java application.</p>
<ol>
<li>Save your Jenkinsfile and commit and push to your forked repository. Run the following commands from the command prompt.</li>
</ol>
<pre><code>cd &lt;your local simple-java-maven-app repo cloned folder&gt;
git add .
git commit -m &quot;Add initial Jenkinsfile&quot;
git push origin master
</code></pre>
<ol>
<li>Go to Jenkins portal on your browser and click on the <strong>Dashboard</strong>. Open the <a href="http://localhost:8080/job/simple-java-pipeline/">simple-java-pipeline</a> and from the left-menu, click on <strong>Build Now</strong>.</li>
</ol>
<p><img alt="" src="../images/Jenkins4.png" /></p>
<p><em>Fig 7: Jenkins - Building the Pipeline</em></p>
<ol>
<li>Notice the build running under the <strong>Build History</strong> menu. Click on the <em>build number</em> and it shows the stages.</li>
</ol>
<p><img alt="" src="../images/Jenkins5.png" /></p>
<p><em>Fig 8: Jenkins - View Running Builds</em></p>
<ol>
<li>We have successfully created a build pipeline with single stage and ran it. We can check the logs by clicking on the <strong>Console Output</strong> menu.</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="additional-stages-in-the-build-pipeline">Additional stages in the build pipeline:</h3>
<p>In the previous section, we have created the pipeline with a single stage. Typically, your CI pipeline contains multiple stages such as Build, Test and other optional stages such Code scanning etc. In this section, let us add a Test stage to the build pipeline and run.</p>
<ol>
<li>Go back to your text editor/IDE and open Jenkinsfile and the Test stage shown below.</li>
</ol>
<pre><code>stage('Test') {
steps {
sh 'mvn test'
}
post {
always {
junit 'target/surefire-reports/*.xml'
}
}
}
</code></pre>
<p>The Jenkinsfile looks like below after adding the Test stage.</p>
<pre><code>pipeline {
agent {
docker {
image 'maven:3.8.1-adoptopenjdk-11'
args '-v /root/.m2:/root/.m2'
}
}
stages {
stage('Build') {
steps {
sh 'mvn -B -DskipTests clean package'
}
}
stage('Test') {
steps {
sh 'mvn test'
}
post {
always {
junit 'target/surefire-reports/*.xml'
}
}
}
}
}
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Here the stage Test is added which runs the maven command test.</li>
<li>The <strong>post -&gt; always</strong> section ensures that this step is executed always after the steps are completed. The test report is available through Jenkinss interface.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> If you are running Jenkins on your local workstation without the docker, please change the agent to <strong>any</strong> so that it runs on the localhost. Please ensure that the maven tool is installed on your local workstation.</p>
<pre><code>pipeline {
agent any
stages {…
}
}
</code></pre>
<ol>
<li>Save your Jenkinsfile and commit and push to your forked repository. Run the following commands from the command prompt.</li>
</ol>
<pre><code>cd &lt;your local simple-java-maven-app repo cloned folder&gt;
git add .
git commit -m &quot;Test stage is added to Jenkinsfile&quot;
git push origin master
</code></pre>
<ol>
<li>Go to Jenkins portal on your browser and click on the <strong>Dashboard</strong>. Open the <em>simple-java-pipeline</em> and from the left-menu, click on Build Now.</li>
<li>Notice the Build and Test stages are showing in the Build screen. </li>
</ol>
<p><img alt="" src="../images/Jenkins6.png" /></p>
<p><em>Fig 9: Jenkins - Viewing the Running Builds with Test stage Included</em></p>
<p>We have now successfully created CI pipeline with two stages: Build and Test stages.</p>
</article>
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