2224 lines
50 KiB
HTML
2224 lines
50 KiB
HTML
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://linkedin.github.io/school-of-sre/level101/linux_basics/conclusion/">
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<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.2.3, mkdocs-material-6.2.8">
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<title>Conclusion - School Of SRE</title>
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<style>body,input{font-family:"Roboto",-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}code,kbd,pre{font-family:"Roboto Mono",SFMono-Regular,Consolas,Menlo,monospace}</style>
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<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
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<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
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<div data-md-component="skip">
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<a href="#conclusion" class="md-skip">
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Skip to content
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<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
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<nav class="md-header-nav md-grid" aria-label="Header">
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<a href="https://linkedin.github.io/school-of-sre/" title="School Of SRE" class="md-header-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="School Of SRE">
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<img src="../../../img/sos.png" alt="logo">
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</a>
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<!-- Button to open drawer -->
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<label class="md-header-nav__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3V6m0 5h18v2H3v-2m0 5h18v2H3v-2z"/></svg>
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<div class="md-header-nav__ellipsis">
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<a href="https://linkedin.github.io/school-of-sre/" title="School Of SRE" >
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School Of SRE
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</a>
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</span>
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<span class="md-header-nav__topic md-ellipsis">
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Conclusion
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</span>
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</div>
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<label class="md-header-nav__button md-icon" for="__search">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0116 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 019.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 013 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 019.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5z"/></svg>
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</label>
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<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
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<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
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<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
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<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
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<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="Search" placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" data-md-state="active" required>
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<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" aria-label="Clear" data-md-component="search-reset" tabindex="-1">
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</button>
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</form>
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<div class="md-search__output">
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<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" data-md-scrollfix>
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<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
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<div class="md-search-result__meta">
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Initializing search
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<ol class="md-search-result__list"></ol>
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</nav>
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</header>
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<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
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<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
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<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
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<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="navigation" >
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<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
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<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="Navigation" data-md-level="0">
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../.." class="md-nav__link">
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Home
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Level 101
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Level 101" data-md-level="1">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Level 101
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-1" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-1" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-1">
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Fundamentals Series
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Fundamentals Series" data-md-level="2">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-1">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Fundamentals Series
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-1-1" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-1-1" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-1-1">
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Linux Basics
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Linux Basics" data-md-level="3">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-1-1">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Linux Basics
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../intro/" class="md-nav__link">
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Introduction
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../command_line_basics/" class="md-nav__link">
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Command Line Basics
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../linux_server_administration/" class="md-nav__link">
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Server Administration
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</a>
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</li>
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="toc" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
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<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
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Conclusion
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
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Conclusion
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Table of contents
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#applications-in-sre-role" class="md-nav__link">
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Applications in SRE Role
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#useful-courses-and-tutorials" class="md-nav__link">
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Useful Courses and tutorials
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-1-2" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-1-2" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-1-2">
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Git
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Git" data-md-level="3">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-1-2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Git
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../git/git-basics/" class="md-nav__link">
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Git Basics
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../git/branches/" class="md-nav__link">
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Working With Branches
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../git/github-hooks/" class="md-nav__link">
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Github and Hooks
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../git/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
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Conclusion
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-1-3" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-1-3" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-1-3">
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Linux Networking
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Linux Networking" data-md-level="3">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-1-3">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Linux Networking
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../linux_networking/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
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Introduction
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../linux_networking/dns/" class="md-nav__link">
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DNS
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../linux_networking/udp/" class="md-nav__link">
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UDP
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../linux_networking/http/" class="md-nav__link">
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HTTP
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../linux_networking/tcp/" class="md-nav__link">
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TCP
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../linux_networking/ipr/" class="md-nav__link">
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Routing
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../linux_networking/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
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Conclusion
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-2" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-2" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-2">
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Python and Web
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Python and Web" data-md-level="2">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Python and Web
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../python_web/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
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Introduction
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../python_web/python-concepts/" class="md-nav__link">
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Some Python Concepts
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../python_web/python-web-flask/" class="md-nav__link">
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Python, Web and Flask
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../python_web/url-shorten-app/" class="md-nav__link">
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The URL Shortening App
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<a href="../../python_web/sre-conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<a href="../../databases_sql/innodb/" class="md-nav__link">
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InnoDB
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<a href="../../databases_sql/backup_recovery/" class="md-nav__link">
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<a href="../../databases_sql/replication/" class="md-nav__link">
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MySQL Replication
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Operational Concepts
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<a href="../../databases_sql/select_query/" class="md-nav__link">
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<a href="../../databases_sql/query_performance/" class="md-nav__link">
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<a href="../../databases_sql/lab/" class="md-nav__link">
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<a href="../../databases_sql/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
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Conclusion
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</ul>
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</nav>
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NoSQL
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<a href="../../databases_nosql/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
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Introduction
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</a>
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<a href="../../databases_nosql/key_concepts/" class="md-nav__link">
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Key Concepts
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<a href="../../databases_nosql/further_reading/" class="md-nav__link">
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Conclusion
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Big Data
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<a href="../../big_data/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
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Introduction
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../big_data/evolution/" class="md-nav__link">
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Evolution and Architecture of Hadoop
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</a>
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<a href="../../big_data/tasks/" class="md-nav__link">
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Conclusion
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</ul>
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</nav>
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Systems Design
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Systems Design
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Availability
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Fault Tolerance
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Conclusion
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</ul>
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</nav>
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Introduction
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Command-line Tools
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Third-party Monitoring
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/alerts/" class="md-nav__link">
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Proactive Monitoring with Alerts
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</a>
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Best Practices for Monitoring
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<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/observability/" class="md-nav__link">
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Observability
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<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
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Conclusion
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</a>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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Security
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<a href="../../security/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
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Introduction
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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Fundamentals of Security
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Network Security
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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Threat, Attacks & Defences
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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Writing Secure code
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<a href="../../security/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
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Conclusion
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Level 102
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Linux Intermediate
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Introduction
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Package Management
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<a href="../../../level102/linux_intermediate/storage_media/" class="md-nav__link">
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Archiving and Backup
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<a href="../../../level102/containerization_and_orchestration/intro_to_containers/" class="md-nav__link">
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Introduction To Containers
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<a href="../../../level102/system_calls_and_signals/signals/" class="md-nav__link">
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System Calls
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Introduction
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Scale
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RTT
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Infrastructure Services
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Introduction
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<a href="../../../level102/system_design/large-system-design/" class="md-nav__link">
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Large System Design
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<a href="../../../level102/system_design/scaling/" class="md-nav__link">
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Scaling
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<a href="../../../level102/system_design/scaling-beyond-the-datacenter/" class="md-nav__link">
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Scaling Beyond the Data Center
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Resiliency
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Introduction
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Troubleshooting
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Important Tools
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Performance Improvements
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Troubleshooting Example
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<a href="../../../level102/system_troubleshooting_and_performance/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
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Conclusion
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</ul>
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</nav>
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Introduction
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Brief History
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CI/CD Pipeline - Hands-on
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Conclusion
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Code of Conduct
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<h1 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h1>
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<p>We have covered the basics of Linux operating systems and basic commands used in linux.
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We have also covered the Linux server administration commands.</p>
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<p>We hope that this course will make it easier for you to operate on the command line.</p>
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<h2 id="applications-in-sre-role">Applications in SRE Role</h2>
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<ol>
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<li>As a SRE, you will be required to perform some general tasks on these Linux servers. You will also be using the command line when you are troubleshooting issues.</li>
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<li>Moving from one location to another in the filesystem will require the help of <code>ls</code>, <code>pwd</code> and <code>cd</code> commands.</li>
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<li>You may need to search some specific information in the log files. <code>grep</code> command would be very useful here. I/O redirection will become handy if you want to store the output in a file or pass it as an input to another command.</li>
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<li><code>tail</code> command is very useful to view the latest data in the log file.</li>
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<li>Different users will have different permissions depending on their roles. We will also not want everyone in the company to access our servers for security reasons. Users permissions can be restricted with <code>chown</code>, <code>chmod</code> and <code>chgrp</code> commands.</li>
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<li><code>ssh</code> is one of the most frequently used commands for a SRE. Logging into servers and troubleshooting along with performing basic administration tasks will only be possible if we are able to login into the server.</li>
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<li>What if we want to run an apache server or nginx on a server? We will first install it using the package manager. Package management commands become important here.</li>
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<li>Managing services on servers is another critical responsibility of a SRE. Systemd related commands can help in troubleshooting issues. If a service goes down, we can start it using <code>systemctl start</code> command. We can also stop a service in case it is not needed.</li>
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<li>Monitoring is another core responsibility of a SRE. Memory and CPU are two important system level metrics which should be monitored. Commands like <code>top</code> and <code>free</code> are quite helpful here.</li>
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<li>If a service is throwing an error, how do we find out the root cause of the error ? We will certainly need to check logs to find out the whole stack trace of the error. The log file will also tell us the number of times the error has occurred along with time when it started.</li>
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</ol>
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<h2 id="useful-courses-and-tutorials">Useful Courses and tutorials</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://courses.edx.org/courses/course-v1:LinuxFoundationX+LFS101x+1T2020/course/">Edx basic linux commands course</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://courses.edx.org/courses/course-v1:RedHat+RH066x+2T2017/course/">Edx Red Hat Enterprise Linux Course</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://linuxcommand.org/lc3_learning_the_shell.php">https://linuxcommand.org/lc3_learning_the_shell.php</a></li>
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