2260 lines
51 KiB
HTML
2260 lines
51 KiB
HTML
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<!doctype html>
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<html lang="en" class="no-js">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://linkedin.github.io/school-of-sre/level101/linux_networking/udp/">
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<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.2.3, mkdocs-material-6.2.8">
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<title>UDP - School Of SRE</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/stylesheets/main.cb6bc1d0.min.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.39b8e14a.min.css">
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<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,400,400i,700%7CRoboto+Mono&display=fallback">
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<style>body,input{font-family:"Roboto",-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}code,kbd,pre{font-family:"Roboto Mono",SFMono-Regular,Consolas,Menlo,monospace}</style>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../stylesheets/custom.css">
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</head>
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<body dir="ltr" data-md-color-scheme="" data-md-color-primary="none" data-md-color-accent="none">
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<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
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<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
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<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
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<div data-md-component="skip">
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<a href="#udp" class="md-skip">
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Skip to content
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</a>
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</div>
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<div data-md-component="announce">
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</div>
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<script async defer data-domain="linkedin.github.io" src="https://tracking.eskratch.com/js/plausible.js"></script>
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<script>document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
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document.getElementById("nav-3").checked=true;
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}
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});</script>
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<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
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<nav class="md-header-nav md-grid" aria-label="Header">
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<a href="https://linkedin.github.io/school-of-sre/" title="School Of SRE" class="md-header-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="School Of SRE">
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<img src="../../../img/sos.png" alt="logo">
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</a>
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<!-- Button to open drawer -->
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<label class="md-header-nav__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3V6m0 5h18v2H3v-2m0 5h18v2H3v-2z"/></svg>
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</label>
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<div class="md-header-nav__title" data-md-component="header-title">
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<div class="md-header-nav__ellipsis">
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<span class="md-header-nav__topic md-ellipsis">
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<a href="https://linkedin.github.io/school-of-sre/" title="School Of SRE" >
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School Of SRE
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</a>
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</span>
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<span class="md-header-nav__topic md-ellipsis">
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UDP
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<label class="md-header-nav__button md-icon" for="__search">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0116 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 019.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 013 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 019.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5z"/></svg>
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</label>
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<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
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<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
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<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
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<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
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<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="Search" placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" data-md-state="active" required>
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<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0116 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 019.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 013 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 019.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5z"/></svg>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12z"/></svg>
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</label>
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<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" aria-label="Clear" data-md-component="search-reset" tabindex="-1">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41L17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12 19 6.41z"/></svg>
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</button>
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</form>
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<div class="md-search__output">
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<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" data-md-scrollfix>
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<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
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<div class="md-search-result__meta">
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Initializing search
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</div>
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<ol class="md-search-result__list"></ol>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</nav>
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</header>
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<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
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<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
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<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
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<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="navigation" >
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<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
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<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="Navigation" data-md-level="0">
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../.." class="md-nav__link">
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Home
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2" type="checkbox" id="nav-2" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2">
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Level 101
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Level 101" data-md-level="1">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Level 101
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-1" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-1" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-1">
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Fundamentals Series
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Fundamentals Series" data-md-level="2">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-1">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Fundamentals Series
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-1-1" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-1-1" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-1-1">
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Linux Basics
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Linux Basics" data-md-level="3">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-1-1">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Linux Basics
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../linux_basics/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
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Introduction
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../linux_basics/command_line_basics/" class="md-nav__link">
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Command Line Basics
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../linux_basics/linux_server_administration/" class="md-nav__link">
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Server Administration
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../linux_basics/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
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Conclusion
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-1-2" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-1-2" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-1-2">
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Git
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Git" data-md-level="3">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-1-2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Git
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../git/git-basics/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Git Basics
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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||
<a href="../../git/branches/" class="md-nav__link">
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||
Working With Branches
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</a>
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||
</li>
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|
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|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../git/github-hooks/" class="md-nav__link">
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||
Github and Hooks
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||
</a>
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||
</li>
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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||
<a href="../../git/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
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||
Conclusion
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||
</a>
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</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
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||
</nav>
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||
</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-1-3" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-1-3" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-1-3">
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Linux Networking
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Linux Networking" data-md-level="3">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-1-3">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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||
Linux Networking
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||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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||
|
||
|
||
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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||
<a href="../intro/" class="md-nav__link">
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Introduction
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</a>
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</li>
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||
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||
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../dns/" class="md-nav__link">
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DNS
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</a>
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||
</li>
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||
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|
||
|
||
|
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||
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
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||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="toc" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
|
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|
||
|
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|
||
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<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
|
||
UDP
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
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|
||
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
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||
UDP
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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||
Table of contents
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||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#applications-in-sre-role" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Applications in SRE role
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../http/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
HTTP
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../tcp/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
TCP
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../ipr/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Routing
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-2" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-2" >
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-2">
|
||
Python and Web
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Python and Web" data-md-level="2">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-2">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Python and Web
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../python_web/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../python_web/python-concepts/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Some Python Concepts
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../python_web/python-web-flask/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Python, Web and Flask
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../python_web/url-shorten-app/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
The URL Shortening App
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../python_web/sre-conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-3" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-3" >
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-3">
|
||
Data
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Data" data-md-level="2">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-3">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Data
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-3-1" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-3-1" >
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-3-1">
|
||
Relational Databases
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Relational Databases" data-md-level="3">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-3-1">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Relational Databases
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/concepts/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Key Concepts
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/mysql/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
MySQL
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/innodb/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
InnoDB
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/backup_recovery/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Backup and Recovery
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/replication/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
MySQL Replication
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/operations/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Operational Concepts
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/select_query/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Select Query
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/query_performance/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Query Performance
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/lab/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Lab
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-3-2" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-3-2" >
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-3-2">
|
||
NoSQL
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="NoSQL" data-md-level="3">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-3-2">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
NoSQL
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_nosql/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_nosql/key_concepts/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Key Concepts
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_nosql/further_reading/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-3-3" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-3-3" >
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-3-3">
|
||
Message Queue
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Message Queue" data-md-level="3">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-3-3">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Message Queue
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../messagequeue/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../messagequeue/key_concepts/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Key Concepts
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../messagequeue/further_reading/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-3-4" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-3-4" >
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-3-4">
|
||
Big Data
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Big Data" data-md-level="3">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-3-4">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Big Data
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../big_data/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../big_data/evolution/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Evolution and Architecture of Hadoop
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../big_data/tasks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-4" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-4" >
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-4">
|
||
Systems Design
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Systems Design" data-md-level="2">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-4">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Systems Design
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../systems_design/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../systems_design/scalability/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Scalability
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../systems_design/availability/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Availability
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../systems_design/fault-tolerance/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Fault Tolerance
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../systems_design/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-5" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-5" >
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-5">
|
||
Metrics and Monitoring
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Metrics and Monitoring" data-md-level="2">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-5">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Metrics and Monitoring
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/introduction/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/command-line_tools/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Command-line Tools
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/third-party_monitoring/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Third-party Monitoring
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/alerts/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Proactive Monitoring with Alerts
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/best_practices/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Best Practices for Monitoring
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/observability/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Observability
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2-6" type="checkbox" id="nav-2-6" >
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2-6">
|
||
Security
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Security" data-md-level="2">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2-6">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Security
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../security/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../security/fundamentals/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Fundamentals of Security
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../security/network_security/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Network Security
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../security/threats_attacks_defences/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Threat, Attacks & Defences
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../security/writing_secure_code/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Writing Secure code
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../security/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-3" type="checkbox" id="nav-3" >
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-3">
|
||
Level 102
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Level 102" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-3">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Level 102
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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Linux Intermediate
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Linux Intermediate
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<a href="../../../level102/linux_intermediate/introduction/" class="md-nav__link">
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Introduction
|
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</a>
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../../level102/linux_intermediate/package_management/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Package Management
|
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</a>
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../../level102/linux_intermediate/storage_media/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Storage Media
|
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</li>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../level102/linux_intermediate/archiving_backup/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Archiving and Backup
|
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</a>
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</li>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../level102/linux_intermediate/introvim/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Introduction to Vim
|
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</a>
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</li>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../../level102/linux_intermediate/bashscripting/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Bash Scripting
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</a>
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../../level102/linux_intermediate/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
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Conclusion
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</a>
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</li>
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|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
||
</nav>
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Linux Advanced
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Linux Advanced
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-3-2-1" type="checkbox" id="nav-3-2-1" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-3-2-1">
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Containerization And Orchestration
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Containerization And Orchestration" data-md-level="3">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Containerization And Orchestration
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../level102/containerization_and_orchestration/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/containerization_and_orchestration/intro_to_containers/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Introduction To Containers
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/containerization_and_orchestration/containerization_with_docker/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Containerization With Docker
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/containerization_and_orchestration/orchestration_with_kubernetes/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Orchestration With Kubernetes
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/containerization_and_orchestration/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
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</li>
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-3-2-2">
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System Calls and Signals
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="System Calls and Signals" data-md-level="3">
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|
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System Calls and Signals
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_calls_and_signals/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_calls_and_signals/signals/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Signals
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_calls_and_signals/system_calls/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
System Calls
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_calls_and_signals/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-3-3" type="checkbox" id="nav-3-3" >
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-3-3">
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Networking
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Networking" data-md-level="2">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-3-3">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Networking
|
||
</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/networking/introduction/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/networking/security/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Security
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/networking/scale/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Scale
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/networking/rtt/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
RTT
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/networking/infrastructure-features/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Infrastructure Services
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/networking/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
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</li>
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-3-4">
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System Design
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="System Design" data-md-level="2">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-3-4">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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System Design
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_design/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Introduction
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_design/large-system-design/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Large System Design
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_design/scaling/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Scaling
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_design/scaling-beyond-the-datacenter/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Scaling Beyond the Data Center
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_design/resiliency/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Resiliency
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_design/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-3-5" type="checkbox" id="nav-3-5" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-3-5">
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System Troubleshooting and Performance Improvements
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="System Troubleshooting and Performance Improvements" data-md-level="2">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-3-5">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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System Troubleshooting and Performance Improvements
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../level102/system_troubleshooting_and_performance/introduction/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_troubleshooting_and_performance/troubleshooting/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Troubleshooting
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_troubleshooting_and_performance/important-tools/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Important Tools
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_troubleshooting_and_performance/performance-improvements/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Performance Improvements
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_troubleshooting_and_performance/troubleshooting-example/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Troubleshooting Example
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_troubleshooting_and_performance/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
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|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
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|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-3-6" type="checkbox" id="nav-3-6" >
|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-3-6">
|
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Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery" data-md-level="2">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-3-6">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../level102/continuous_integration_and_continuous_delivery/introduction/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../level102/continuous_integration_and_continuous_delivery/introduction_to_cicd/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
What is CI/CD?
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../level102/continuous_integration_and_continuous_delivery/cicd_brief_history/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Brief History
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/continuous_integration_and_continuous_delivery/continuous_integration_build_pipeline/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Continuous Integration
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/continuous_integration_and_continuous_delivery/continuous_delivery_release_pipeline/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Continuous Delivery and Deployment
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
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<h1 id="udp">UDP</h1>
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<p>UDP is a transport layer protocol. DNS is an application layer protocol that runs on top of UDP(most of the times). Before jumping into UDP, let's try to understand what an application and transport layer is. DNS protocol is used by a DNS client(eg dig) and DNS server(eg named). The transport layer makes sure the DNS request reaches the DNS server process and similarly the response reaches the DNS client process. Multiple processes can run on a system and they can listen on any <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_(computer_networking)">ports</a>. DNS servers usually listen on port number 53. When a client makes a DNS request, after filling the necessary application payload, it passes the payload to the kernel via <strong>sendto</strong> system call. The kernel picks a random port number(<a href="https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-increase-outgoing-network-sockets-range.html">>1024</a>) as source port number and puts 53 as destination port number and sends the packet to lower layers. When the kernel on server side receives the packet, it checks the port number and queues the packet to the application buffer of the DNS server process which makes a <strong>recvfrom</strong> system call and reads the packet. This process by the kernel is called multiplexing(combining packets from multiple applications to same lower layers) and demultiplexing(segregating packets from single lower layer to multiple applications). Multiplexing and Demultiplexing is done by the Transport layer.</p>
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<p>UDP is one of the simplest transport layer protocol and it does only multiplexing and demultiplexing. Another common transport layer protocol TCP does a bunch of other things like reliable communication, flow control and congestion control. UDP is designed to be lightweight and handle communications with little overhead. So it doesn’t do anything beyond multiplexing and demultiplexing. If applications running on top of UDP need any of the features of TCP, they have to implement that in their application</p>
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<p>This <a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/UdpCommunication">example from python wiki</a> covers a sample UDP client and server where “Hello World” is an application payload sent to server listening on port number 5005. The server receives the packet and prints the “Hello World” string from the client</p>
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<h2 id="applications-in-sre-role">Applications in SRE role</h2>
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<li>If the underlying network is slow and the UDP layer is unable to queue packets down to the networking layer, sendto syscall from the application will hang till the kernel finds some of its buffer is freed. This can affect the throughput of the system. Increasing write memory buffer values using <a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/5/html/tuning_and_optimizing_red_hat_enterprise_linux_for_oracle_9i_and_10g_databases/sect-oracle_9i_and_10g_tuning_guide-adjusting_network_settings-changing_network_kernel_settings">sysctl variables</a> <em>net.core.wmem_max</em> and <em>net.core.wmem_default</em> provides some cushion to the application from the slow network</li>
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<li>Similarly if the receiver process is slow in consuming from its buffer, the kernel has to drop packets which it can’t queue due to the buffer being full. Since UDP doesn’t guarantee reliability these dropped packets can cause data loss unless tracked by the application layer. Increasing sysctl variables <em>rmem_default</em> and <em>rmem_max</em> can provide some cushion to slow applications from fast senders.</li>
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