diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 9c75d40..33f4ee3 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ > > I studied about 8-12 hours a day, for several months. This is my story: [Why I studied full-time for 8 months for a Google interview](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) > -> **Please Note:** You won't need to study as much as I did. I wasted a lot of time on things I didn't need to know. More info about that below. I'll help you get there without wasting your precious time. +> **Please Note:** You won't need to study as much as I did. I wasted a lot of time on things I didn't need to know. More info about that is below. I'll help you get there without wasting your precious time. > > The items listed here will prepare you well for a technical interview at just about any software company, > including the giants: Amazon, Facebook, Google, and Microsoft. @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
Translations: +- [اردو - Urdu](translations/README-ur.md) - [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) - [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md) - [Español](translations/README-es.md) @@ -45,13 +46,12 @@ - [Українська](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) - [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) - [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) -- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/519) - [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) - [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) - [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) - [Persian - Farsi](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/186) +- [Italian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/1030) - [Afrikaans](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/1164) -
@@ -59,27 +59,6 @@

Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University!

-

- Special thanks to: -

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- -
- AlgoMonster -
-
-

- Master the technical interview without endless grinding. -

-
-
- Created by ex-Google engineers, AlgoMonster will help you crush the technical interview in less time - and with fewer sleepless nights grinding away random problems. You will learn the key patterns necessary to solve - any interview question and gain the systematic knowledge you need to prove your expertise. Be more confident - as you walk into that interview! -
-
-

@@ -87,20 +66,17 @@ ![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) -This is my multi-month study plan for becoming a software engineer for a large company. +This is my multi-month study plan for becoming a software engineer for a large company. -**Required:** +**Required:** * A little experience with coding (variables, loops, methods/functions, etc) * Patience * Time -Note this is a study plan for **software engineering**, not web development. Large software companies like Google, Amazon, -Facebook and Microsoft view software engineering as different from web development. For example, Amazon has -Frontend Engineers (FEE) and Software Development Engineers (SDE). These are 2 separate roles and the interviews for -them will not be the same, as each has its own competencies. These companies require computer science knowledge for -software development/engineering roles. +Note this is a study plan for **software engineering**, not frontend engineering or full-stack development. There are really +super roadmaps and coursework for those career paths elsewhere (see https://roadmap.sh/ for more info). -There is a lot to learn in a university Computer Science program, but only knowing about 75% is good enough for an interview, so that's what I cover here. +There is a lot to learn in a university Computer Science program, but only knowing about 75% is good enough for an interview, so that's what I cover here. For a complete CS self-taught program, the resources for my study plan have been included in Kamran Ahmed's Computer Science Roadmap: https://roadmap.sh/computer-science --- @@ -146,7 +122,7 @@ For a complete CS self-taught program, the resources for my study plan have been - insertion - heapsort - quicksort - - merge sort + - mergesort - [Graphs](#graphs) - directed - undirected @@ -270,28 +246,26 @@ Create a new branch so you can check items like this, just put an x in the brack 1. Clone to your local repo: - ``` - git clone git@github.com:/coding-interview-university.git + ```bash + git clone https://github.com//coding-interview-university.git cd coding-interview-university - git checkout -b progress - git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university - git fetch --all + git remote add upstream https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university.git + git remote set-url --push upstream DISABLE # so that you don't push your personal progress back to the original repo ``` 1. Mark all boxes with X after you completed your changes: - ``` - git add . - git commit -m "Marked x" - git rebase jwasham/main - git push --set-upstream origin progress - git push --force + ```bash + git commit -am "Marked personal progress" + git pull upstream main # keep your fork up-to-date with changes from the original repo + + git push # just pushes to your fork ``` ## Don't feel you aren't smart enough - Successful software engineers are smart, but many have an insecurity that they aren't smart enough. -- Following videos may help you overcome this insecurity: +- The following videos may help you overcome this insecurity: - [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) - [It's Dangerous to Go Alone: Battling the Invisible Monsters in Tech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) @@ -300,13 +274,13 @@ Create a new branch so you can check items like this, just put an x in the brack Some videos are available only by enrolling in a Coursera or EdX class. These are called MOOCs. Sometimes the classes are not in session so you have to wait a couple of months, so you have no access. -It would be great to replace the online course resources with free and always-available public sources, -such as YouTube videos (preferably university lectures), so that you people can study these anytime, +It would be great to replace the online course resources with free and always-available public sources, +such as YouTube videos (preferably university lectures), so that you people can study these anytime, not just when a specific online course is in session. ## Choose a Programming Language -You'll need to choose a programming language for the coding interviews you do, +You'll need to choose a programming language for the coding interviews you do, but you'll also need to find a language that you can use to study computer science concepts. Preferably the language would be the same, so that you only need to be proficient in one. @@ -315,15 +289,14 @@ Preferably the language would be the same, so that you only need to be proficien When I did the study plan, I used 2 languages for most of it: C and Python -* C: Very low level. Allows you to deal with pointers and memory allocation/deallocation, so you feel the data structures - and algorithms in your bones. In higher level languages like Python or Java, these are hidden from you. In day to day work, that's terrific, +* C: Very low level. Allows you to deal with pointers and memory allocation/deallocation, so you feel the data structures + and algorithms in your bones. In higher-level languages like Python or Java, these are hidden from you. In day-to-day work, that's terrific, but when you're learning how these low-level data structures are built, it's great to feel close to the metal. - C is everywhere. You'll see examples in books, lectures, videos, *everywhere* while you're studying. - - [The C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - [The C Programming Language, 2nd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) - This is a short book, but it will give you a great handle on the C language and if you practice it a little you'll quickly get proficient. Understanding C helps you understand how programs and memory work. - You don't need to go super deep in the book (or even finish it). Just get to where you're comfortable reading and writing in C. - - [Answers to questions in the book](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) * Python: Modern and very expressive, I learned it because it's just super useful and also allows me to write less code in an interview. This is my preference. You do what you like, of course. @@ -347,13 +320,13 @@ You could also use these, but read around first. There may be caveats: - JavaScript - Ruby -Here is an article I wrote about choosing a language for the interview: +Here is an article I wrote about choosing a language for the interview: [Pick One Language for the Coding Interview](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/). This is the original article my post was based on: [Choosing a Programming Language for Interviews](https://web.archive.org/web/20210516054124/http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/) You need to be very comfortable in the language and be knowledgeable. -Read more about choices: +Read more about choices: - [Choose the Right Language for Your Coding Interview](http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/) [See language-specific resources here](programming-language-resources.md) @@ -367,7 +340,7 @@ Just choose one, in a language that you will be comfortable with. You'll be doin ### C - [Algorithms in C, Parts 1-5 (Bundle), 3rd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-5-Bundle-Fundamentals/dp/0201756080) - - Fundamentals, Data Structures, Sorting, Searching, and Graph Algorithms + - Fundamentals, Data Structures, Sorting, Searching, and Graph Algorithms ### Python @@ -401,7 +374,7 @@ Your choice: ## Interview Prep Books -You don't need to buy a bunch of these. Honestly "Cracking the Coding Interview" is probably enough, +You don't need to buy a bunch of these. Honestly "Cracking the Coding Interview" is probably enough, but I bought more to give myself more practice. But I always do too much. I bought both of these. They gave me plenty of practice. @@ -439,8 +412,8 @@ Please, read so you won't make my mistakes: ### 2. Use Flashcards -To solve the problem, I made a little flashcards site where I could add flashcards of 2 types: general and code. -Each card has different formatting. I made a mobile-first website, so I could review on my phone or tablet, wherever I am. +To solve the problem, I made a little flashcard site where I could add flashcards of 2 types: general and code. +Each card has a different formatting. I made a mobile-first website, so I could review on my phone or tablet, wherever I am. Make your own for free: @@ -452,20 +425,20 @@ But if you don't want to listen to me, here you go: - [My flash cards database (1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): - [My flash cards database (extreme - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): -Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. +Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required. **Note on flashcards:** The first time you recognize you know the answer, don't mark it as known. You have to see the same card and answer it several times correctly before you really know it. Repetition will put that knowledge deeper in your brain. -An alternative to using my flashcard site is [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), which has been recommended to me numerous times. -It uses a repetition system to help you remember. It's user-friendly, available on all platforms and has a cloud sync system. +An alternative to using my flashcard site is [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), which has been recommended to me numerous times. +It uses a repetition system to help you remember. It's user-friendly, available on all platforms, and has a cloud sync system. It costs $25 on iOS but is free on other platforms. My flashcard database in Anki format: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)). -Some students have mentioned formatting issues with white space that can be fixed by doing the following: open deck, edit card, click cards, select the "styling" radio button, add the member "white-space: pre;" to the card class. +Some students have mentioned formatting issues with white space that can be fixed by doing the following: open the deck, edit the card, click cards, select the "styling" radio button, and add the member "white-space: pre;" to the card class. ### 3. Do Coding Interview Questions While You're Learning @@ -473,14 +446,14 @@ THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT. Start doing coding interview questions while you're learning data structures and algorithms. -You need to apply what you're learning to solving problems, or you'll forget. I made this mistake. +You need to apply what you're learning to solve problems, or you'll forget. I made this mistake. Once you've learned a topic, and feel somewhat comfortable with it, for example, **linked lists**: -1. Open one of the [coding interview books](#interview-prep-books) (or coding problem websites, listed below) -1. Do 2 or 3 questions regarding linked lists. +1. Open one of the [coding interview books](#interview-prep-books) (or coding problem websites, listed below) +1. Do 2 or 3 questions regarding linked lists. 1. Move on to the next learning topic. 1. Later, go back and do another 2 or 3 linked list problems. -1. Do this with each new topic you learn. +1. Do this with each new topic you learn. **Keep doing problems while you're learning all this stuff, not after.** @@ -505,7 +478,7 @@ These are prevalent technologies but not part of this study plan: This course goes over a lot of subjects. Each will probably take you a few days, or maybe even a week or more. It depends on your schedule. -Each day, take the next subject in the list, watch some videos about that subject, and then write an implementation +Each day, take the next subject in the list, watch some videos about that subject, and then write an implementation of that data structure or algorithm in the language you chose for this course. You can see my code here: @@ -529,15 +502,15 @@ Why you need to practice doing programming problems: - Coming up with time and space complexity for your solutions (see Big-O below) - Testing your solutions -There is a great intro for methodical, communicative problem solving in an interview. You'll get this from the programming +There is a great intro for methodical, communicative problem-solving in an interview. You'll get this from the programming interview books, too, but I found this outstanding: [Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample inputs. Then type it and test it out on a computer. -If you don't have a whiteboard at home, pick up a large drawing pad from an art store. You can sit on the couch and practice. -This is my "sofa whiteboard". I added the pen in the photo just for scale. If you use a pen, you'll wish you could erase. -Gets messy quick. **I use a pencil and eraser.** +If you don't have a whiteboard at home, pick up a large drawing pad from an art store. You can sit on the couch and practice. +This is my "sofa whiteboard". I added the pen in the photo just for scale. If you use a pen, you'll wish you could erase. +Gets messy quickly. **I use a pencil and eraser.** ![my sofa whiteboard](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) @@ -556,7 +529,7 @@ Coding Interview Question Videos: - [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) - Super for walkthroughs of problem solutions - [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 Videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) - - Good explanations of solution and the code + - Good explanations of the solution and the code - You can watch several in a short time - [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) @@ -569,11 +542,10 @@ Challenge/Practice sites: - [Codeforces](https://codeforces.com/) - [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) - [Geeks for Geeks](https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/explore/?page=1) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/) - [AlgoExpert](https://www.algoexpert.io/product) - Created by Google engineers, this is also an excellent resource to hone your skills. - [Project Euler](https://projecteuler.net/) - - very math focused, and not really suited for coding interviews + - very math-focused, and not really suited for coding interviews ## Let's Get Started @@ -597,11 +569,11 @@ But don't forget to do coding problems from above while you learn! - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Computational%20Complexity%20part%20one) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Computational%20Complexity%20part%20two) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) -- [ ] [[Review] Big-O notation in 5 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/__vX2sjlpXU) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) -Well, that's about enough of that. +Well, that's about enough of that. -When you go through "Cracking the Coding Interview", there is a chapter on this, and at the end there is a quiz to see +When you go through "Cracking the Coding Interview", there is a chapter on this, and at the end there is a quiz to see if you can identify the runtime complexity of different algorithms. It's a super review and test. ## Data Structures @@ -617,11 +589,11 @@ if you can identify the runtime complexity of different algorithms. It's a super - [ ] Practice coding using arrays and pointers, and pointer math to jump to an index instead of using indexing. - [ ] New raw data array with allocated memory - can allocate int array under the hood, just not use its features - - start with 16, or if starting number is greater, use power of 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 + - start with 16, or if the starting number is greater, use power of 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 - [ ] size() - number of items - [ ] capacity() - number of items it can hold - [ ] is_empty() - - [ ] at(index) - returns item at given index, blows up if index out of bounds + - [ ] at(index) - returns the item at a given index, blows up if index out of bounds - [ ] push(item) - [ ] insert(index, item) - inserts item at index, shifts that index's value and trailing elements to the right - [ ] prepend(item) - can use insert above at index 0 @@ -631,7 +603,7 @@ if you can identify the runtime complexity of different algorithms. It's a super - [ ] find(item) - looks for value and returns first index with that value, -1 if not found - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private function - when you reach capacity, resize to double the size - - when popping an item, if size is 1/4 of capacity, resize to half + - when popping an item, if the size is 1/4 of capacity, resize to half - [ ] Time - O(1) to add/remove at end (amortized for allocations for more space), index, or update - O(n) to insert/remove elsewhere @@ -641,6 +613,7 @@ if you can identify the runtime complexity of different algorithms. It's a super - ### Linked Lists - [ ] Description: + - [ ] [Linked Lists CS50 Harvard University](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2T-A_GFuoTo&t=650s) - this builds the intuition. - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) @@ -656,18 +629,18 @@ if you can identify the runtime complexity of different algorithms. It's a super This page is just to get a grasp on ptr to ptr. I don't recommend this list traversal style. Readability and maintainability suffer due to cleverness. - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) - [ ] Implement (I did with tail pointer & without): - - [ ] size() - returns number of data elements in list + - [ ] size() - returns the number of data elements in the list - [ ] empty() - bool returns true if empty - [ ] value_at(index) - returns the value of the nth item (starting at 0 for first) - [ ] push_front(value) - adds an item to the front of the list - - [ ] pop_front() - remove front item and return its value + - [ ] pop_front() - remove the front item and return its value - [ ] push_back(value) - adds an item at the end - [ ] pop_back() - removes end item and returns its value - - [ ] front() - get value of front item - - [ ] back() - get value of end item - - [ ] insert(index, value) - insert value at index, so current item at that index is pointed to by new item at index + - [ ] front() - get the value of the front item + - [ ] back() - get the value of the end item + - [ ] insert(index, value) - insert value at index, so the current item at that index is pointed to by the new item at the index - [ ] erase(index) - removes node at given index - - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - returns the value of the node at nth position from the end of the list + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - returns the value of the node at the nth position from the end of the list - [ ] reverse() - reverses the list - [ ] remove_value(value) - removes the first item in the list with this value - [ ] Doubly-linked List @@ -677,24 +650,24 @@ if you can identify the runtime complexity of different algorithms. It's a super - ### Stack - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ) - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial + - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with the array is trivial - ### Queue - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: - - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail + - enqueue(value) - adds value at a position at the tail - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) - empty() - - [ ] Implement using fixed-sized array: + - [ ] Implement using a fixed-sized array: - enqueue(value) - adds item at end of available storage - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element - empty() - full() - [ ] Cost: - - a bad implementation using linked list where you enqueue at head and dequeue at tail would be O(n) - because you'd need the next to last element, causing a full traversal each dequeue + - a bad implementation using a linked list where you enqueue at the head and dequeue at the tail would be O(n) + because you'd need the next to last element, causing a full traversal of each dequeue - enqueue: O(1) (amortized, linked list and array [probing]) - dequeue: O(1) (linked list and array) - empty: O(1) (linked list and array) @@ -719,8 +692,8 @@ if you can identify the runtime complexity of different algorithms. It's a super - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/distributed-hash-tables-tvH8H) - [ ] Implement with array using linear probing - - hash(k, m) - m is size of hash table - - add(key, value) - if key already exists, update value + - hash(k, m) - m is the size of the hash table + - add(key, value) - if the key already exists, update value - exists(key) - get(key) - remove(key) @@ -734,11 +707,12 @@ if you can identify the runtime complexity of different algorithms. It's a super - [ ] [blueprint](https://leetcode.com/discuss/general-discussion/786126/python-powerful-ultimate-binary-search-template-solved-many-problems) - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Implement: - - binary search (on sorted array of integers) + - binary search (on a sorted array of integers) - binary search using recursion - ### Bitwise operations - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) + - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - [ ] Good intro: @@ -787,32 +761,32 @@ if you can identify the runtime complexity of different algorithms. It's a super - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Binary search trees: BSTs - - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76dhtgZt38A&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) - C/C++: - [ ] [Binary search tree - Implementation in C/C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) - [ ] [BST implementation - memory allocation in stack and heap (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) - [ ] [Find min and max element in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [Find height of a binary tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) + - [ ] [Find the height of a binary tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) - [ ] [Binary tree traversal - breadth-first and depth-first strategies (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) - [ ] [Binary tree: Level Order Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - [ ] [Binary tree traversal: Preorder, Inorder, Postorder (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [Check if a binary tree is binary search tree or not (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Check if a binary tree is a binary search tree or not (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - [ ] [Delete a node from Binary Search Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) - [ ] [Inorder Successor in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - [ ] Implement: - - [ ] insert // insert value into tree + - [ ] [insert // insert value into tree](https://leetcode.com/problems/insert-into-a-binary-search-tree/submissions/987660183/) - [ ] get_node_count // get count of values stored - [ ] print_values // prints the values in the tree, from min to max - [ ] delete_tree - - [ ] is_in_tree // returns true if given value exists in the tree - - [ ] get_height // returns the height in nodes (single node's height is 1) + - [ ] is_in_tree // returns true if a given value exists in the tree + - [ ] [get_height // returns the height in nodes (single node's height is 1)](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/find-the-maximum-depth-or-height-of-a-tree/) - [ ] get_min // returns the minimum value stored in the tree - [ ] get_max // returns the maximum value stored in the tree - - [ ] is_binary_search_tree + - [ ] [is_binary_search_tree](https://leetcode.com/problems/validate-binary-search-tree/) - [ ] delete_value - - [ ] get_successor // returns next-highest value in tree after given value, -1 if none + - [ ] get_successor // returns the next-highest value in the tree after given value, -1 if none - ### Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap - visualized as a tree, but is usually linear in storage (array, linked list) @@ -835,12 +809,12 @@ if you can identify the runtime complexity of different algorithms. It's a super - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert - [ ] get_max - returns the max item, without removing it - [ ] get_size() - return number of elements stored - - [ ] is_empty() - returns true if heap contains no elements + - [ ] is_empty() - returns true if the heap contains no elements - [ ] extract_max - returns the max item, removing it - [ ] sift_down - needed for extract_max - [ ] remove(x) - removes item at index x - [ ] heapify - create a heap from an array of elements, needed for heap_sort - - [ ] heap_sort() - take an unsorted array and turn it into a sorted array in-place using a max heap or min heap + - [ ] heap_sort() - take an unsorted array and turn it into a sorted array in place using a max heap or min heap ## Sorting @@ -852,15 +826,15 @@ if you can identify the runtime complexity of different algorithms. It's a super - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) - [Sorting Algorithms - Stability](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) - - [ ] Which algorithms can be used on linked lists? Which on arrays? Which on both? + - [ ] Which algorithms can be used on linked lists? Which on arrays? Which of both? - I wouldn't recommend sorting a linked list, but merge sort is doable. - [Merge Sort For Linked List](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) -- For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. Heap sort is great, but not stable +- For heapsort, see the Heap data structure above. Heap sort is great, but not stable - [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/mergesort-ARWDq) - - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) + - [ ] [2. Bottom-up Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/sorting-complexity-xAltF) - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/comparators-9FYhS) - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) @@ -906,7 +880,7 @@ if you can identify the runtime complexity of different algorithms. It's a super - [ ] Implement: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case - - Selection sort and insertion sort are both O(n^2) average and worst case + - Selection sort and insertion sort are both O(n^2) average and worst-case - For heapsort, see Heap data structure above - [ ] Not required, but I recommended them: @@ -924,11 +898,11 @@ if you can identify the runtime complexity of different algorithms. It's a super - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) As a summary, here is a visual representation of [15 sorting algorithms](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg). -If you need more detail on this subject, see "Sorting" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) +If you need more detail on this subject, see the "Sorting" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) ## Graphs -Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this section is long, like trees and sorting were. +Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this section is long, like trees and sorting. - Notes: - There are 4 basic ways to represent a graph in memory: @@ -937,7 +911,7 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - adjacency list - adjacency map - Familiarize yourself with each representation and its pros & cons - - BFS and DFS - know their computational complexity, their trade offs, and how to implement them in real code + - BFS and DFS - know their computational complexity, their trade-offs, and how to implement them in real code - When asked a question, look for a graph-based solution first, then move on if none - [ ] MIT(videos): @@ -981,7 +955,7 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] single-source shortest path (Dijkstra) - [ ] minimum spanning tree - DFS-based algorithms (see Aduni videos above): - - [ ] check for cycle (needed for topological sort, since we'll check for cycle before starting) + - [ ] check for a cycle (needed for topological sort, since we'll check for the cycle before starting) - [ ] topological sort - [ ] count connected components in a graph - [ ] list strongly connected components @@ -1000,11 +974,11 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) - [ ] [5 Simple Steps for Solving Any Recursive Problem(video)](https://youtu.be/ngCos392W4w) - + Backtracking Blueprint: [Java](https://leetcode.com/problems/combination-sum/discuss/16502/A-general-approach-to-backtracking-questions-in-Java-(Subsets-Permutations-Combination-Sum-Palindrome-Partitioning)) [Python](https://leetcode.com/problems/combination-sum/discuss/429538/General-Backtracking-questions-solutions-in-Python-for-reference-%3A) - ### Dynamic Programming - - You probably won't see any dynamic programming problems in your interview, but it's worth being able to recognize a + - You probably won't see any dynamic programming problems in your interview, but it's worth being able to recognize a problem as being a candidate for dynamic programming. - This subject can be pretty difficult, as each DP soluble problem must be defined as a recursion relation, and coming up with it can be tricky. - I suggest looking at many examples of DP problems until you have a solid understanding of the pattern involved. @@ -1056,7 +1030,7 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) - ### Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability - - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation, and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) - [ ] [Make School: Probability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) - [ ] [Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) - [ ] Khan Academy: @@ -1066,12 +1040,12 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Probability Explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) - ### NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms - - Know about the most famous classes of NP-complete problems, such as traveling salesman and the knapsack problem, + - Know about the most famous classes of NP-complete problems, such as the traveling salesman and the knapsack problem, and be able to recognize them when an interviewer asks you them in disguise. - Know what NP-complete means. - [ ] [Computational Complexity (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) - [ ] Simonson: - - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - [ ] [NP Completeness III (Video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) @@ -1083,7 +1057,7 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - Peter Norvig discusses near-optimal solutions to traveling salesman problem: + - Peter Norvig discusses near-optimal solutions to the traveling salesman problem: - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) - Pages 1048 - 1140 in CLRS if you have it. @@ -1094,7 +1068,6 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Registers and RAM (video)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) - [ ] [The Central Processing Unit (CPU) (video)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) - [ ] [Instructions and Programs (video)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) - - ### Caches - [ ] LRU cache: - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) @@ -1118,18 +1091,18 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - Mutexes - Semaphores - Monitors - - How they work? + - How do they work? - Deadlock - Livelock - CPU activity, interrupts, context switching - Modern concurrency constructs with multicore processors - - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://youtu.be/O4nwUqQodAg) + - [Paging, segmentation, and virtual memory (video)](https://youtu.be/O4nwUqQodAg) - [Interrupts (video)](https://youtu.be/iKlAWIKEyuw) - Process resource needs (memory: code, static storage, stack, heap, and also file descriptors, i/o) - - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own pc, stack counter, registers, and stack) + - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own PC, stack counter, registers, and stack) - Forking is really copy on write (read-only) until the new process writes to memory, then it does a full copy. - Context switching - - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware? + - [How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware?](https://www.javatpoint.com/what-is-the-context-switching-in-the-operating-system) - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) - [ ] [CS 377 Spring '14: Operating Systems from University of Massachusetts](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLacuG5pysFbDQU8kKxbUh4K5c1iL5_k7k) - [ ] concurrency in Python (videos): @@ -1137,7 +1110,7 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) - [ ] [Understanding the Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) - [reference](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) - - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) + - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) @@ -1164,14 +1137,14 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part2/rabin-karp-3KiqT) - - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + - [ ] [Search pattern in a text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) - If you need more detail on this subject, see "String Matching" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects). + If you need more detail on this subject, see the "String Matching" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects). - ### Tries - - Note there are different kinds of tries. Some have prefixes, some don't, and some use string instead of bits + - Note there are different kinds of tries. Some have prefixes, some don't, and some use strings instead of bits to track the path - - I read through code, but will not implement + - I read through the code, but will not implement - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) @@ -1183,7 +1156,7 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Using%20Tries) - - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real-world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - ### Floating Point Numbers @@ -1226,8 +1199,9 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (38 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (48 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -1236,18 +1210,11 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti ## Update Your Resume - See Resume prep information in the books: "Cracking The Coding Interview" and "Programming Interviews Exposed" -- I don't know how important this is (you can do your own research) but here is an article on making your resume ATS Compliant: - - [How to Create or Check if your Resume is ATS Compliant](https://ayedot.com/97/MiniBlog/Meaning-of-ATS-compliant-resume-and-How-to-create-ATS-Resume-for-Free) -- ["This Is What A GOOD Resume Should Look Like" by Gayle McDowell (author of Cracking the Coding Interview)](https://www.careercup.com/resume), +- ["This Is What A GOOD Resume Should Look Like" by Gayle McDowell (author of Cracking the Coding Interview)](https://www.careercup.com/resume), - Note by the author: "This is for a US-focused resume. CVs for India and other countries have different expectations, although many of the points will be the same." - ["Step-by-step resume guide" by Tech Interview Handbook](https://www.techinterviewhandbook.org/resume/guide) - Detailed guide on how to set up your resume from scratch, write effective resume content, optimize it, and test your resume - -## Find a Job - -- [Sites for Finding Jobs](https://ayedot.com/151/MiniBlog/Top-10-Best-Websites-for-Careers--Jobs) - ## Interview Process & General Interview Prep - [ ] [How to Pass the Engineering Interview in 2021](https://davidbyttow.medium.com/how-to-pass-the-engineering-interview-in-2021-45f1b389a1) @@ -1262,21 +1229,23 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [The Approach](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) - [ ] [Problem Walkthrough](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) - Prep Courses: - - [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): - - Learn how to make yourself ready for software engineer interviews from a former Google interviewer. - [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): - - A Python centric interview prep course which covers data structures, algorithms, mock interviews and much more. + - A Python-centric interview prep course that covers data structures, algorithms, mock interviews, and much more. - [Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms using Python (Udacity free course)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): - - A free Python centric data structures and algorithms course. + - A free Python-centric data structures and algorithms course. - [Data Structures and Algorithms Nanodegree! (Udacity paid Nanodegree)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): - Get hands-on practice with over 100 data structures and algorithm exercises and guidance from a dedicated mentor to help prepare you for interviews and on-the-job scenarios. - [Grokking the Behavioral Interview (Educative free course)](https://www.educative.io/courses/grokking-the-behavioral-interview): - Many times, it’s not your technical competency that holds you back from landing your dream job, it’s how you perform on the behavioral interview. + - [AlgoMonster (paid course with free content)](https://algo.monster/?utm_campaign=jwasham&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=coding-interview-university&utm_source=github): + - The crash course for LeetCode. Covers all the patterns condensed from thousands of questions. Mock Interviews: - [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/#!/) - I used this and it helped me relax for the phone screen and on-site interview -- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - peer-to-peer model of practice interviews +- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - a peer-to-peer model to practice interviews - [interviewing.io: Practice mock interview with senior engineers](https://interviewing.io) - anonymous algorithmic/systems design interviews with senior engineers from FAANG anonymously +- [Meetapro: Mock interviews with top FAANG interviewers](https://meetapro.com/?utm_source=ciu) - an Airbnb-style mock interview/coaching platform. +- [Hello Interview: Mock Interviews with Expert Coaches and AI](https://www.hellointerview.com/?utm_source=ciu) - interview directly with AI or with FAANG staff engineers and managers. ## Be thinking of for when the interview comes @@ -1296,9 +1265,6 @@ Have a story, not just data, about something you accomplished. - What did you learn at [job x / project y]? - What would you have done better at [job x / project y]? -- If you find it hard to come up with good answers of these types of interview questions, here are some ideas: - - [General Interview Questions and their Answers](https://ayedot.com/119/MiniBlog/General-Interview-Questions-and-their-Answers-for-Tech-Jobs) - ## Have questions for the interviewer Some of mine (I already may know the answers, but want their opinion or team perspective): @@ -1328,9 +1294,9 @@ You're never really done. ***************************************************************************************************** Everything below this point is optional. It is NOT needed for an entry-level interview. - However, by studying these, you'll get greater exposure to more CS concepts, and will be better prepared for + However, by studying these, you'll get greater exposure to more CS concepts and will be better prepared for any software engineering job. You'll be a much more well-rounded software engineer. - + ***************************************************************************************************** ***************************************************************************************************** @@ -1347,11 +1313,11 @@ You're never really done. - [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) - [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) - A gentle introduction to design patterns -- [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) - - AKA the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF +- [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - AKA the "Gang Of Four" book or GOF - The canonical design patterns book - [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) - - As a review and problem recognition + - As a review and problem-recognition - The algorithm catalog portion is well beyond the scope of difficulty you'll get in an interview - This book has 2 parts: - Class textbook on data structures and algorithms @@ -1361,7 +1327,7 @@ You're never really done. - Code examples in C - Cons: - Can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects - - Chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have + - Chapters 7, 8, and 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have - Don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material - Algorithm catalog: - This is the real reason you buy this book. @@ -1370,6 +1336,7 @@ You're never really done. - Answers: - [Solutions](https://web.archive.org/web/20150404194210/http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +- [Algorithm](http://jeffe.cs.illinois.edu/teaching/algorithms/) (Jeff Erickson) - [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) - The book was published in 2004, and is somewhat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief - The author invented [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly), so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like @@ -1412,7 +1379,7 @@ You're never really done. - [ ] **START HERE**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) - [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Interview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) -- [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) +- [ ] [8 steps guide to ace your system design interview](https://javascript.plainenglish.io/8-steps-guide-to-ace-a-system-design-interview-7a5a797f4d7d) - [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) - [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below - [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](https://web.archive.org/web/20120716060051/http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) @@ -1453,7 +1420,7 @@ You're never really done. - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) - - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) @@ -1469,23 +1436,23 @@ You're never really done. - [ ] Twitter: - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) - - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [Video Series](#video-series) section + - For even more, see the "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [Video Series](#video-series) section - [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: - review: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - flow: 1. Understand the problem and scope: - - Define the use cases, with interviewer's help + - Define the use cases, with the interviewer's help - Suggest additional features - - Remove items that interviewer deems out of scope + - Remove items that the interviewer deems out of scope - Assume high availability is required, add as a use case 2. Think about constraints: - Ask how many requests per month - Ask how many requests per second (they may volunteer it or make you do the math) - Estimate reads vs. writes percentage - - Keep 80/20 rule in mind when estimating - - How much data written per second + - Keep the 80/20 rule in mind when estimating + - How much data is written per second - Total storage required over 5 years - How much data read per second 3. Abstract design: @@ -1503,7 +1470,7 @@ You're never really done. ## Additional Learning - I added them to help you become a well-rounded software engineer, and to be aware of certain + I added them to help you become a well-rounded software engineer and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so you'll have a bigger toolbox. - ### Compilers @@ -1513,9 +1480,9 @@ You're never really done. - [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) - ### Emacs and vi(m) - - Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor + - Familiarize yourself with a UNIX-based code editor - vi(m): - - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + - [Editing With Vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) - set of 4 videos: - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) @@ -1528,7 +1495,7 @@ You're never really done. - set of 3 (videos): - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) - - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file, and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) - [The Absolute Beginner's Guide to Emacs (video by David Wilson)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48JlgiBpw_I&t=0s) @@ -1554,7 +1521,7 @@ You're never really done. - [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) - [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) - [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) - - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below + - See more in the MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below - ### Parity & Hamming Code (videos) - [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) @@ -1565,12 +1532,12 @@ You're never really done. - [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) - ### Entropy - - Also see videos below + - Also see the videos below - Make sure to watch information theory videos first - [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) - ### Cryptography - - Also see videos below + - Also see the videos below - Make sure to watch information theory videos first - [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) - [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) @@ -1610,7 +1577,7 @@ You're never really done. - ### Parallel Programming - [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) - - [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + - [Efficient Python for High-Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) - ### Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems - [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) @@ -1669,14 +1636,14 @@ You're never really done. - ### Balanced search trees - Know at least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented): - - "Among balanced search trees, AVL and 2/3 trees are now passé, and red-black trees seem to be more popular. + - "Among balanced search trees, AVL and 2/3 trees are now passé and red-black trees seem to be more popular. A particularly interesting self-organizing data structure is the splay tree, which uses rotations to move any accessed key to the root." - Skiena - Of these, I chose to implement a splay tree. From what I've read, you won't implement a balanced search tree in your interview. But I wanted exposure to coding one up and let's face it, splay trees are the bee's knees. I did read a lot of red-black tree code - Splay tree: insert, search, delete functions - If you end up implementing red/black tree try just these: + If you end up implementing a red/black tree try just these: - Search and insertion functions, skipping delete - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets - [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) @@ -1692,6 +1659,7 @@ You're never really done. - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - **Splay trees** - In practice: @@ -1708,12 +1676,12 @@ You're never really done. - In practice: Red–black trees offer worst-case guarantees for insertion time, deletion time, and search time. Not only does this make them valuable in time-sensitive applications such as real-time applications, - but it makes them valuable building blocks in other data structures which provide worst-case guarantees; - for example, many data structures used in computational geometry can be based on red–black trees, and - the Completely Fair Scheduler used in current Linux kernels uses red–black trees. In the version 8 of Java, + but it makes them valuable building blocks in other data structures that provide worst-case guarantees; + for example, many data structures used in computational geometry can be based on red-black trees, and + the Completely Fair Scheduler used in current Linux kernels uses red–black trees. In version 8 of Java, the Collection HashMap has been modified such that instead of using a LinkedList to store identical elements with poor hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used - - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to the starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) @@ -1722,16 +1690,16 @@ You're never really done. - **2-3 search trees** - In practice: 2-3 trees have faster inserts at the expense of slower searches (since height is more compared to AVL trees). - - You would use 2-3 tree very rarely because its implementation involves different types of nodes. Instead, people use Red Black trees. + - You would use 2-3 trees very rarely because its implementation involves different types of nodes. Instead, people use Red-Black trees. - [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) - [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** - In practice: - For every 2-4 tree, there are corresponding red–black trees with data elements in the same order. The insertion and deletion + For every 2-4 trees, there are corresponding red–black trees with data elements in the same order. The insertion and deletion operations on 2-4 trees are also equivalent to color-flipping and rotations in red–black trees. This makes 2-4 trees an - important tool for understanding the logic behind red–black trees, and this is why many introductory algorithm texts introduce + important tool for understanding the logic behind red-black trees, and this is why many introductory algorithm texts introduce 2-4 trees just before red–black trees, even though **2-4 trees are not often used in practice**. - [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) - [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -1746,10 +1714,10 @@ You're never really done. - **B-Trees** - Fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor). - In Practice: - B-Trees are widely used in databases. Most modern filesystems use B-trees (or Variants). In addition to + B-trees are widely used in databases. Most modern filesystems use B-trees (or Variants). In addition to its use in databases, the B-tree is also used in filesystems to allow quick random access to an arbitrary - block in a particular file. The basic problem is turning the file block i address into a disk block - (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address + block in a particular file. The basic problem is turning the file block address into a disk block + (or perhaps to a cylinder head sector) address - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) - [B-Tree Datastructure](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) - [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) @@ -1757,12 +1725,12 @@ You're never really done. - [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + - the first 37 minutes are very technical, and may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees - - Great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object + - Great for finding a number of points in a rectangle or higher-dimensional object - A good fit for k-nearest neighbors - [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) @@ -1814,7 +1782,7 @@ You're never really done. above because it's just too much. It's easy to overdo it on a subject. You want to get hired in this century, right? -- **SOLID** +- **SOLID** - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) @@ -1822,7 +1790,7 @@ You're never really done. - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ Principle](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) - - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use + - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | Clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. @@ -1885,13 +1853,15 @@ You're never really done. - Stanford lectures on sorting: - [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - Shai Simonson: - [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) - [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) - Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: - [CSE373 2020 - Mergesort/Quicksort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUf-UQ3a0kg&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=8) - [CSE373 2020 - Linear Sorting (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ksyQKmre84&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=9) +- NAND To Tetris: [Build a Modern Computer from First Principles](https://www.coursera.org/learn/build-a-computer) + ## Video Series Sit back and enjoy. diff --git a/programming-language-resources.md b/programming-language-resources.md index b1c8c3b..ce83c16 100644 --- a/programming-language-resources.md +++ b/programming-language-resources.md @@ -47,10 +47,11 @@ - [10 Tips for Pythonic Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_O23jIXsshs) - [Beyond PEP 8 -- Best practices for beautiful intelligible code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wf-BqAjZb8M) - [Automate the Boring Stuff with Python](https://automatetheboringstuff.com/) - - [Coding Interview Essentials](https://github.com/ajinkyal121/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/Coding%20Interview%20Python%20Language%20Essentials.pdf) + - [Coding Interview Essentials](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/Coding%20Interview%20Python%20Language%20Essentials.pdf) - [Data Structures And Algorithms in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQDxmjfkIKY) - [Python Programming Tutorial](https://www.scaler.com/topics/python/) - [Python Interview Questions](https://www.interviewbit.com/python-interview-questions) + - [Python Guide for Beginners](https://wiingy.com/learn/python/python-tutorial/) - Java - [Stanford CS106A - Programming Methodology (video)](https://see.stanford.edu/Course/CS106A) - [Java Cheat Sheet](https://www.interviewbit.com/java-cheat-sheet) diff --git a/translations/README-af.md b/translations/README-af.md index 5ec0cec..cab069d 100644 --- a/translations/README-af.md +++ b/translations/README-af.md @@ -59,27 +59,6 @@

Word 'n bydraër en borg Kodering Onderhoud Universiteit!

-

- Spesiale dank aan: -

-
- -
- AlgoMonster -
-
-

- Master the technical interview without endless grinding. -

-
-
- Created by ex-Google engineers, AlgoMonster will help you crush the technical interview in less time - and with fewer sleepless nights grinding away random problems. You will learn the key patterns necessary to solve - any interview question and gain the systematic knowledge you need to prove your expertise. Be more confident - as you walk into that interview! -
-
-

@@ -592,6 +571,7 @@ Maar moet nie vergeet om kode probleme op te los terwyl jy leer nie! - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Computational%20Complexity%20part%20one) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Computational%20Complexity%20part%20two) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) Well, dis genoeg van daardie. @@ -637,6 +617,7 @@ of jy kan identifiseer wat die runtime kompleksiteit van verskeie algoritmes is. - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - nie die hele video nie, net gedeeltes oor Node struct en geheue toekening - [ ] Linked List vs Skikkings: @@ -668,11 +649,13 @@ of jy kan identifiseer wat die runtime kompleksiteit van verskeie algoritmes is. - ### Stapel - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Sal nie implementeer nie. Implementering met skikking is maklik - ### Queue - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Implementeer met linked-list, met stert wyser: - enqueue(waarde) - voeg waarde by posisie by stert - dequeue() - lewer waarde en verwyder die minste onlangse gevoegde element (voorkant) @@ -698,6 +681,7 @@ of jy kan identifiseer wat die runtime kompleksiteit van verskeie algoritmes is. - [ ] [PyCon 2017: The Dictionary Even Mightier (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Online Courses: - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) @@ -721,6 +705,7 @@ of jy kan identifiseer wat die runtime kompleksiteit van verskeie algoritmes is. - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Binary%20Search) - [ ] [blueprint](https://leetcode.com/discuss/general-discussion/786126/python-powerful-ultimate-binary-search-template-solved-many-problems) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Implement: - binary search (op 'n gesorteerde skikking van heelgetalle) - binary search met recursion @@ -772,6 +757,9 @@ of jy kan identifiseer wat die runtime kompleksiteit van verskeie algoritmes is. - inorder (DFS: links, self, regs) - postorder (DFS: links, regs, self) - preorder (DFS: self, links, regs) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Binary search trees: BSTs - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Revisie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -817,6 +805,7 @@ of jy kan identifiseer wat die runtime kompleksiteit van verskeie algoritmes is. - [ ] [MIT: Heaps en Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Lineêr Tyd BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Implementeer 'n max-heap: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - nodig vir insert @@ -881,6 +870,14 @@ of jy kan identifiseer wat die runtime kompleksiteit van verskeie algoritmes is. - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Implementeer: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) gemiddelde en slegste gevalle - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) gemiddelde geval @@ -943,6 +940,8 @@ Grafieke kan gebruik word om baie problmeme in rekenaar wetenskap te verteenwoor - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Full Coursera Kursus: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1202,8 +1201,9 @@ Grafieke kan gebruik word om baie problmeme in rekenaar wetenskap te verteenwoor - [ ] Reeks van 2-3 minute kort onderwerp videos (23 videos) - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Reeks van 2-5 minute kort onderwerp videos - Michael Sambol (38 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Reeks van 2-5 minute kort onderwerp videos - Michael Sambol (48 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -1668,6 +1668,7 @@ Jy is nooit regtig klaar nie. - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - **Splay trees** - Prakties: @@ -1693,6 +1694,7 @@ Jy is nooit regtig klaar nie. - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - **2-3 search trees** - Prakties: @@ -1733,6 +1735,7 @@ Jy is nooit regtig klaar nie. - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - dek cache-oblivious B-Trees, baie interessante datastrukture - die eerste 37 minute is baie tegnies en mag geskiep word (B is block size, cache line size) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees diff --git a/translations/README-ar.md b/translations/README-ar.md index c3b9d9d..6aaa53a 100644 --- a/translations/README-ar.md +++ b/translations/README-ar.md @@ -58,27 +58,6 @@

Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University!

-

- Special thanks to: -

-
- -
- AlgoMonster -
-
-

- Master the technical interview without endless grinding. -

-
-
- Created by ex-Google engineers, AlgoMonster will help you crush the technical interview in less time - and with fewer sleepless nights grinding away random problems. You will learn the key patterns necessary to solve - any interview question and gain the systematic knowledge you need to prove your expertise. Be more confident - as you walk into that interview! -
-
-

@@ -546,6 +525,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) ## Data Structures @@ -587,6 +567,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: @@ -618,11 +599,13 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - ### Stack - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial - ### Queue - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) @@ -647,6 +630,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Online Courses: - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) @@ -669,6 +653,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Implement: - binary search (on sorted array of integers) - binary search using recursion @@ -720,6 +705,9 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Binary search trees: BSTs - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -765,6 +753,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Implement a max-heap: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert @@ -829,6 +818,14 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Implement: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case @@ -892,6 +889,8 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Full Coursera Course: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1278,8 +1277,9 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (38 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (48 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -1691,6 +1691,7 @@ You're never really done. - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - **Splay trees** - In practice: @@ -1716,6 +1717,7 @@ You're never really done. - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - **2-3 search trees** - In practice: @@ -1756,6 +1758,7 @@ You're never really done. - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees diff --git a/translations/README-bg.md b/translations/README-bg.md index f2144cf..241d25b 100644 --- a/translations/README-bg.md +++ b/translations/README-bg.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ > Първоначално създадох това като кратък списък с теми за учене, за това как се става софтуерен инженер, но то прерасна в този огромен списък, който виждате в момента. След като преминах през този учебен план, [бях нает като софтуерен инженер в Amazon](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! Най-вероятно няма да Ви се налага да учите колкото на мен, но все пак всичко, от което се нуждаете е тук. > -> Учих между 8-12 часа на ден в продължение на няколко месеца. Това е историята ми: [Why I studies full-time for 8 months for a Google interview](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) +> Учих между 8-12 часа на ден в продължение на няколко месеца. Това е историята ми: [Why I studied full-time for 8 months for a Google interview](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) > > **Моля обърнете внимание:** Няма да Ви се налага да учите колкото мен. Загубих много време, учейки неща, които нямах нужда да знам. Може да прочетете повече за това надолу. Ще Ви помогна да достигнете до крайната цел без да прахосвате скъпото си време. > @@ -13,67 +13,49 @@
Преводи: -- [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) -- [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md) -- [Español](translations/README-es.md) -- [Português Brasileiro](translations/README-ptbr.md) -- [Polish](translations/README-pl.md) -- [繁體中文](translations/README-tw.md) -- [Japanese (日本語)](translations/README-ja.md) -- [Russian](translations/README-ru.md) -- [Bulgarian](translations/README-bg.md) -- [German](translations/README-de.md) -- [Bahasa Indonesia](translations/README-id.md) -- [ខ្មែរ - Khmer](translations/README-kh.md) -- [Uzbek](translations/README-uz.md) +- [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) +- [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md) +- [Español](translations/README-es.md) +- [Português Brasileiro](translations/README-ptbr.md) +- [Polish](translations/README-pl.md) +- [繁體中文](translations/README-tw.md) +- [Japanese (日本語)](translations/README-ja.md) +- [Russian](translations/README-ru.md) +- [German](translations/README-de.md) +- [Bahasa Indonesia](translations/README-id.md) +- [ខ្មែរ - Khmer](translations/README-kh.md) +- [Uzbek](translations/README-uz.md) +- [Bulgarian](translations/README-bg.md) +- [বাংলা - Bangla](translations/README-bn.md)
Текущи преводи: -- [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) -- [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) -- [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) -- [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) -- [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) -- [Українська](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) -- [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) -- [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) -- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/519) -- [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) -- [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) -- [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) +- [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +- [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) +- [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) +- [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) +- [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) +- [Українська](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) +- [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) +- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/519) +- [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +- [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) +- [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) +- [Persian - Farsi](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/186) +- [Afrikaans](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/1164)
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## Какво е това? @@ -84,11 +66,19 @@ **Изисквания:** -- Малко опит с програмиране (променливи, цикли, методи/функции и т.н) -- Търпение -- Време +- Малко опит с програмиране (променливи, цикли, методи/функции и т.н) +- Търпение +- Време -Обърнете внимание, че това е учебен план за **софтуерно инженерство**, а не за уеб разработка. Големите компании като Google, Amazon, Facebook и Microsoft различават софтуерното инженерство и уеб разработката. Amazon, например, имат Frontend инженери (FEE) и Software Development инженери (SDE). Това са 2 отделни позиции и интервютата за тях няма да са еднакви, тъй като всяка една от тях има своите специфики. Тези компании изискват знания по компютърни науки за позиции свързани със софтуерно инженерство/разработка +Обърнете внимание, че това е учебен план за **софтуерно инженерство**, а не за уеб разработка. Големите компании като Google, Amazon, +Facebook и Microsoft различават софтуерното инженерство и уеб разработката. Amazon, например, имат Frontend инженери (FEE) +и Software Development инженери (SDE). Това са 2 отделни позиции и интервютата за тях няма да са еднакви, тъй като всяка една от +тях има своите специфики. Тези компании изискват знания по компютърни науки за позиции свързани със софтуерно инженерство/разработка. + +По принцип в университетска програма по Компютърни науки/Информатика има много неща за учене, но знаейки около 75% от това е +достатъчно добре за да се справите на интервю, това е и информацията която покривам тук. +За пълна програма по Компютърни науки за самоуки записките от моя план за учене са включени в Пътеката по Компютърни науки на Камран +Ахмед: https://roadmap.sh/computer-science --- @@ -96,125 +86,125 @@ ### Учебният план -- [Какво е това?](#какво-е-това) -- [Защо да го ползвате?](#защо-да-го-ползвате) -- [Как да го ползвате?](#как-да-го-ползвате) -- [Не мислете, че не сте достатъчно умни](#не-мислете-че-не-сте-достатъчно-умни) -- [Бележка за видео ресурсите](#бележка-за-видео-ресурсите) -- [Изберете език за програмиране](#изберете-език-за-програмиране) -- [Книги за структури от данни и алгоритми](#книги-за-структури-от-данни-и-алгоритми) -- [Книги за подготовка за интервю](#книги-за-подготовка-за-интервю) -- [Не повтаряйте грешките ми](#не-повтаряйте-грешките-ми) -- [Какво няма да намерите тук](#какво-няма-да-намерите-тук) -- [Дневния план](#дневния-план) -- [Подготовка за въпроси за програмиране](#подготовка-за-въпроси-за-програмиране) -- [Задачи по програмиране](#задачи-по-програмиране) +- [Какво е това?](#какво-е-това) +- [Защо да го ползвате?](#защо-да-го-ползвате) +- [Как да го ползвате?](#как-да-го-ползвате) +- [Не мислете, че не сте достатъчно умни](#не-мислете-че-не-сте-достатъчно-умни) +- [Бележка за видео ресурсите](#бележка-за-видео-ресурсите) +- [Изберете език за програмиране](#изберете-език-за-програмиране) +- [Книги за структури от данни и алгоритми](#книги-за-структури-от-данни-и-алгоритми) +- [Книги за подготовка за интервю](#книги-за-подготовка-за-интервю) +- [Не повтаряйте грешките ми](#не-повтаряйте-грешките-ми) +- [Какво няма да намерите тук](#какво-няма-да-намерите-тук) +- [Дневния план](#дневния-план) +- [Подготовка за въпроси за програмиране](#подготовка-за-въпроси-за-програмиране) +- [Задачи по програмиране](#задачи-по-програмиране) ### Теми за учене -- [Алгоритмична сложност / Big-O / Асимптотичен анализ](#алгоритмична-сложност--big-o--асимптотичен-анализ) -- [Структури от данни](#структури-от-данни) - - [Масиви (Arrays)](#масиви) - - [Свързани списъци(Linked Lists)](#свързани-списъци) - - [Стек (Stack)](#стек) - - [Опашка (Queue)](#опашка) - - [Хеш таблици (Hash table)](#хеш-таблици) -- [Повече знания](#повече-знания) - - [Двоично търсене (Binary search)](#двоично-търсене) - - [Побитови операции (Bitwise operations)](#побитови-операции) -- [Дървета](#дървета) - - [Дървета - бележки & основи](#дървета---бележки--основи) - - [Дървета за двоично търсене: BSTs (Binary search trees)](#дървета-за-двоично-търсене-bsts) - - [Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) - - балансирани дървета за търсене (основна концепция, без детайли) - - обхождане: preorder, inorder, postorder, BFS, DFS -- [Сортиране (Sorting)](#сортиране) - - selection - - insertion - - heapsort - - quicksort - - merge sort -- [Графи (Graphs)](#графи) - - directed - - undirected - - adjacency matrix - - adjacency list - - traversals: BFS, DFS -- [Още повече знания](#още-повече-знания) - - [Рекурсия (Recursion)](#рекурсия) - - [Динамично програмиране (Dynamic programming)](#динамично-програмиране) - - [Design Patterns](#design-patterns) - - [Комбинаторика & вероятности](#комбинаторика--вероятности) - - [NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) - - [Как компютрите обработват една програма](#как-компютрите-обработват-една-програма) - - [Кеширане (Caches)](#кеширане) - - [Процеси и нишки](#процеси-и-нишки) - - [Тестване (Testing)](#тестване) - - [String searching & manipulations](#string-searching--manipulations) - - [Tries](#tries) - - [Floating Point Numbers](#floating-point-numbers) - - [Уникод (Unicode)](#уникод) - - [Endianness](#endianness) - - [Мрежи (Networking)](#мрежи) -- [Последен преглед](#последен-преглед) +- [Алгоритмична сложност / Big-O / Асимптотичен анализ](#алгоритмична-сложност--big-o--асимптотичен-анализ) +- [Структури от данни](#структури-от-данни) + - [Масиви (Arrays)](#масиви) + - [Свързани списъци(Linked Lists)](#свързани-списъци) + - [Стек (Stack)](#стек) + - [Опашка (Queue)](#опашка) + - [Хеш таблици (Hash table)](#хеш-таблици) +- [Повече знания](#повече-знания) + - [Двоично търсене (Binary search)](#двоично-търсене) + - [Побитови операции (Bitwise operations)](#побитови-операции) +- [Дървета](#дървета) + - [Дървета - бележки & основи](#дървета---бележки--основи) + - [Дървета за двоично търсене: BSTs (Binary search trees)](#дървета-за-двоично-търсене-bsts) + - [Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) + - балансирани дървета за търсене (основна концепция, без детайли) + - обхождане: preorder, inorder, postorder, BFS, DFS +- [Сортиране (Sorting)](#сортиране) + - selection + - insertion + - heapsort + - quicksort + - merge sort +- [Графи (Graphs)](#графи) + - directed + - undirected + - adjacency matrix + - adjacency list + - traversals: BFS, DFS +- [Още повече знания](#още-повече-знания) + - [Рекурсия (Recursion)](#рекурсия) + - [Динамично програмиране (Dynamic programming)](#динамично-програмиране) + - [Design Patterns](#design-patterns) + - [Комбинаторика & вероятности](#комбинаторика--вероятности) + - [NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) + - [Как компютрите обработват една програма](#как-компютрите-обработват-една-програма) + - [Кеширане (Caches)](#кеширане) + - [Процеси и нишки](#процеси-и-нишки) + - [Тестване (Testing)](#тестване) + - [String searching & manipulations](#string-searching--manipulations) + - [Tries](#tries) + - [Floating Point Numbers](#floating-point-numbers) + - [Уникод (Unicode)](#уникод) + - [Endianness](#endianness) + - [Мрежи (Networking)](#мрежи) +- [Последен преглед](#последен-преглед) ### Как да спечелите позицията -- [Актуализирайте резюмето си](#актуализирайте-резюмето-си) -- [Намерете позиция](#намерете-позиция) -- [Процесът на интервюто & обща подготовка](#процесът-на-интервюто--обща-подготовка) -- [Мислете за това, когато дойде интервюто](#мислете-за-това-когато-дойде-интервюто) -- [Подгответе въпроси за интервюиращия](#подгответе-въпроси-за-интервюиращия) -- [След като са Ви наели](#след-като-са-ви-наели) +- [Актуализирайте резюмето си](#актуализирайте-резюмето-си) +- [Намерете позиция](#намерете-позиция) +- [Процесът на интервюто & обща подготовка](#процесът-на-интервюто--обща-подготовка) +- [Мислете за това, когато дойде интервюто](#мислете-за-това-когато-дойде-интервюто) +- [Подгответе въпроси за интервюиращия](#подгответе-въпроси-за-интервюиращия) +- [След като са Ви наели](#след-като-са-ви-наели) **---------------- Всичко оттук надолу е по желание ----------------** ### Допълнителни теми и ресурси -- [Допълнителни книги](#допълнителни-книги) -- [Системен дизайн, мащабируемост, обработка на данни](#системен-дизайн-мащабируемост-обработка-на-данни) (ако имате над 4 години опит) -- [Additional Learning](#additional-learning) - - [Компилатори](#компилатори) - - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) - - [Unix command line tools](#unix-command-line-tools) - - [Information theory](#information-theory-videos) - - [Паритет & код на Хаминг](#паритет--код-на-хаминг) - - [Ентропия](#ентропия) - - [Криптография](#криптография) - - [Компресия](#компресия) - - [Компютърна сигурност](#компютърна-сигурност) - - [Garbage collection](#garbage-collection) - - [Паралелно програмиране](#паралелно-програмиране) - - [Системи за съобщения, сериализация и последователност](#системи-за-съобщения-сериализация-и-последователност) - - [A\*](#a) - - [Fast Fourier Transform](#fast-fourier-transform) - - [Bloom Filter](#bloom-filter) - - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) - - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) - - [van Emde Boas Trees](#van-emde-boas-trees) - - [Разширени структури от данни](#разширени-структури-от-данни) - - [Балансирани дървета за търсене](#балансирани-дървета-за-търсене) - - AVL trees - - Splay trees - - Red/black trees - - 2-3 search trees - - 2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees) - - N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees - - B-Trees - - [k-D Trees](#k-d-trees) - - [Skip lists](#skip-lists) - - [Мрежови потоци](#мрежови-потоци) - - [Disjoint Sets & Union Find](#disjoint-sets--union-find) - - [Математика за бърза обработка](#математика-за-бърза-обработка) - - [Treap](#treap) - - [Линейно програмиране](#линейно-програмиране) - - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull-videos) - - [Дискретна математика](#дискретна-математика) - - [Machine Learning](#machine-learning) -- [Допълнителни детайли по някои теми](#допълнителни-детайли-по-някои-теми) -- [Видео серии](#видео-серии) -- [Курсове по компютърни науки](#курсове-по-компютърни-науки) -- [Papers](#papers) +- [Допълнителни книги](#допълнителни-книги) +- [Системен дизайн, мащабируемост, обработка на данни](#системен-дизайн-мащабируемост-обработка-на-данни) (ако имате над 4 години опит) +- [Допълнителни теми за учене](#Допънителни-теми-за-учене) + - [Компилатори](#компилатори) + - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) + - [Unix command line tools](#unix-command-line-tools) + - [Information theory](#information-theory-videos) + - [Паритет & код на Хаминг](#паритет--код-на-хаминг) + - [Ентропия](#ентропия) + - [Криптография](#криптография) + - [Компресия](#компресия) + - [Компютърна сигурност](#компютърна-сигурност) + - [Garbage collection](#garbage-collection) + - [Паралелно програмиране](#паралелно-програмиране) + - [Системи за съобщения, сериализация и последователност](#системи-за-съобщения-сериализация-и-последователност) + - [A\*](#a) + - [Fast Fourier Transform](#fast-fourier-transform) + - [Bloom Filter](#bloom-filter) + - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) + - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) + - [van Emde Boas Trees](#van-emde-boas-trees) + - [Разширени структури от данни](#разширени-структури-от-данни) + - [Балансирани дървета за търсене](#балансирани-дървета-за-търсене) + - AVL trees + - Splay trees + - Red/black trees + - 2-3 search trees + - 2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees) + - N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees + - B-Trees + - [k-D Trees](#k-d-trees) + - [Skip lists](#skip-lists) + - [Мрежови потоци](#мрежови-потоци) + - [Disjoint Sets & Union Find](#disjoint-sets--union-find) + - [Математика за бърза обработка](#математика-за-бърза-обработка) + - [Treap](#treap) + - [Линейно програмиране](#линейно-програмиране) + - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull-videos) + - [Дискретна математика](#дискретна-математика) + - [Machine Learning](#machine-learning) +- [Допълнителни детайли по някои теми](#допълнителни-детайли-по-някои-теми) +- [Видео серии](#видео-серии) +- [Курсове по компютърни науки](#курсове-по-компютърни-науки) +- [Papers](#papers) --- @@ -224,25 +214,73 @@ Ако също като мен не сте учили компютърни науки в университет това ще Ви помогне да наваксате и ще Ви спести години. -Когато започнах този проект не знаех какво е стек или опашка, нямах представа какво е Big-O, не знаех нищо за дървета или как да обхождам графи. Ако трябваше да напиша сортиращ алгоритъм мога да Ви кажа, че бих се справил ужасно. Всяка от структурите от данни, които бях използвал досега бяха имплементирани в езика, който ползвах и нямах представа как работят реално. Никога не ми се беше налагало да управлявам памет освен ако някой от процесите, които бях пуснал не връщаха грешка "out of memory"- тогава се налагаше да търся заобиколен път. Бях ползвал хиляди асоциативни масиви и многоизмерни масиви няколко пъти, но никога преди не бях имплементирал структури от данни от нулата. +Когато започнах този проект не знаех какво е стек или опашка, нямах представа какво е Big-O, не знаех нищо за дървета или как да +pобхождам графи. Ако трябваше да напиша сортиращ алгоритъм мога да Ви кажа, че бих се справил ужасно. Всяка от структурите от данни, +които бях използвал досега бяха имплементирани в езика, който ползвах и нямах представа как работят реално. Никога не ми се беше +налагало да управлявам памет освен ако някой от процесите, които бях пуснал не връщаха грешка "out of memory"- тогава се налагаше +да търся заобиколен път. Бях ползвал хиляди асоциативни масиви и многоизмерни масиви няколко пъти, но никога преди не бях +имплементирал структури от данни от нулата. -Планът е дълъг. Може да Ви отнеме месеци. Ако вече сте запознати с повечето от темите ще Ви отнеме много по-малко +Планът е дълъг. Може да Ви отнеме месеци. Ако вече сте запознати с повечето от темите ще Ви отнеме много по-малко. ## Как да го ползвате Всичко надолу е само схематично изложение и трябва да преминете през темите от горе до долу. +Аз използвам специалния маркдаун на ГитХъб, включително листове със задачи за да следвам прогреса си. + - [Повече за GitHub-flavored markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) + +### Ако не желаете да използвате git + +На тази страница кликнете върху бутона Code най-отгоре, а след това изберете "Download ZIP". Накрая разархивирайте файла и можете да +работите с текстовите файлове. + +Ако сте отворили файловете с текстов редактор, който разбира markdown, ще видите всичко форматирано подредено и красиво. + +![Как да изтеглим хранилище като zip файл](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/how-to-download-as-zip.png) + +### Ако се чувствате сигурни да ползвате git + +Създайте нов бранч за да може да отбелязвате елементи по този начин, като просто вкарате един х в скобите: [x] + +1. ***Направете Fork на GitHub хранилището:*** `https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` като кликнете върху бутона Fork. + + ![Направете Fork на GitHub хранилище](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/fork-button.png) + +1. Клонирайте хранилището на персоналния Ви компютър: + + ``` + git clone git@github.com:/coding-interview-university.git + cd coding-interview-university + git checkout -b progress + git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university + git fetch --all + ``` + +1. Маркирайте всички кутийки с Х след като сте готови с промените си: + + ``` + git add . + git commit -m "Marked x" + git rebase jwasham/main + git push --set-upstream origin progress + git push --force + ``` + + ## Не мислете, че не сте достатъчно умни -- Успешните софтуерни инженери са умни, но много имат чувството, че не са достатъчно умни -- [Митът за гениалния програмист](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) -- [Опасно е да сте сами: битката с невидимите чудовища в IT](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) +- Успешните софтуерни инженери са умни, но много имат чувството, че не са достатъчно умни +- [Митът за гениалния програмист](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +- [Опасно е да сте сами: битката с невидимите чудовища в IT](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) ## Бележка за видео ресурсите -Някои видеа са достъпни само след записване в курс на Coursera или EdX- т.нар. MOOCs. Понякога се налага да изчакате няколко месеца, за да стартира ново издание на курса, така че няма да имате достъп до тях. +Някои видеа са достъпни само след записване в курс на Coursera или EdX- т.нар. MOOCs. Понякога се налага да изчакате няколко месеца, +за да стартира ново издание на курса, така че няма да имате достъп до тях. -Би било чудесно такива ресурси да бъдат заменени с безплатни и свободнодостъпни публични източници като YouTube видеа (по възможност университетски лекции), за да могат всички да учат навсякъде и по всяко време, а не само когато даден курс върви в момента. +Би било чудесно такива ресурси да бъдат заменени с безплатни и свободнодостъпни публични източници като YouTube видеа (по възможност +университетски лекции), за да могат всички да учат навсякъде и по всяко време, а не само когато даден курс върви в момента. ## Изберете език за програмиране @@ -254,38 +292,40 @@ Когато преминавах през учебния план ползвах 2 езика за по-голямата част от нещата: C и Python -- C: Език на много ниско ниво. Дава Ви възможност да се справяте с пойнтъри и управляване на паметта, за да разберете структурите от данни и алгоритмите на много дълбоко ниво. В езици за програмиране на по-високо ниво тези неща са скрити от Вас. В ежедневната работа това е прекрасно, но когато се учите как тези структури от данни работят е хубаво да усещате как става всичко. - - C е навсякъде. Ще виждате примери в книги, лекции, видеа _навсякъде_ докато учите. - - [The C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) - - Това е кратка книга, но ще Ви даде добра представа за езика и с малко упражнения бързо ще имате добро владение над него. Ако разбирате C значи разбирате как програмите и паметта работят. - - Не трябва да се зачитате много надълбоко в книгата (или дори да я прочитате докрай). Нужно е само да сте уверени в способността си да четете и пишете в C. - - [Отговори на въпросите в книгата](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) -- Python: модерен и много експресивен. Научих го защото е наистина много полезен и ми позволява да пиша по-малко код когато съм на интервю. +* C: Език на много ниско ниво. Дава Ви възможност да се справяте с пойнтъри и управляване на паметта, за да разберете структурите + от данни и алгоритмите на много дълбоко ниво. В езици за програмиране на по-високо ниво тези неща са скрити от Вас. В ежедневната + работа това е прекрасно, но когато се учите как тези структури от данни работят е хубаво да усещате как става всичко. + - C е навсякъде. Ще виждате примери в книги, лекции, видеа _навсякъде_ докато учите. + - [The C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - Това е кратка книга, но ще Ви даде добра представа за езика и с малко упражнения бързо ще имате добро владение над него. Ако разбирате C значи разбирате как програмите и паметта работят. + - Не трябва да се зачитате много надълбоко в книгата (или дори да я прочитате докрай). Нужно е само да сте уверени в способността си да четете и пишете в C. + - [Отговори на въпросите в книгата](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) +* Python: модерен и много експресивен. Научих го защото е наистина много полезен и ми позволява да пиша по-малко код когато съм на интервю. Това е моя личен избор. Вие можете да изберете каквото пожелаете, разбира се. Може да не Ви трябват, но ето някои сайтове за учене на нов език: -- [Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks) -- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) -- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) -- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) -- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) -- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) -- [Codeforces](https://codeforces.com/) +- [Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks) +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) +- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) +- [Codeforces](https://codeforces.com/) ### За интервюто Ви по програмиране Може да изберете език, в който се чувствате комфортно за интервюто Ви, но за големите компании това са най-добрите опции: -- C++ -- Java -- Python +- C++ +- Java +- Python Може да ползвате и тези, но поразгледайте преди това, защото може да има уловки: -- JavaScript -- Ruby +- JavaScript +- Ruby Това е статия, която написах за избирането на език за вашето интервю: [Pick One Language for the Coding Interview](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/). @@ -307,28 +347,28 @@ ### C -- [Algorithms in C, Parts 1-5 (Bundle), 3rd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-5-Bundle-Fundamentals/dp/0201756080) - - Основни познания, структури от данни, сортиране, търсене и алгоритми за графи +- [Algorithms in C, Parts 1-5 (Bundle), 3rd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-5-Bundle-Fundamentals/dp/0201756080) + - Основни познания, структури от данни, сортиране, търсене и алгоритми за графи ### Python -- [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) - - от Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - Тази книга ми допадна много. Покрива всичко и още нещо - - 'Питоничен' код - - Докладът ми за тази книга: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ +- [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - от Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - Тази книга ми допадна много. Покрива всичко и още нещо + - 'Питоничен' код + - Докладът ми за тази книга: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ ### Java Изборът е ваш: -- Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) -- Sedgewick and Wayne: - - [Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) - - Безплатен курс в Coursera, който покрива материала от книгата (воден от писателите!): - - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) +- Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) +- Sedgewick and Wayne: + - [Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - Безплатен курс в Coursera, който покрива материала от книгата (воден от писателите!): + - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) ### C++ @@ -424,42 +464,48 @@ Това са широко разпространени технологии, но не и част от учебния план: -- SQL -- Javascript -- HTML, CSS, и други front-end технологии +- SQL +- Javascript +- HTML, CSS, и други front-end технологии ## Дневния план -Този курс преминава през множество от теми. Всяка от тях най-вероятно ще Ви отнеме няколко дена или дори седмица, или повече. Зависи от графика Ви. +Този курс преминава през множество от теми. Всяка от тях най-вероятно ще Ви отнеме няколко дена или дори седмица, или +повече. Зависи отграфика Ви. -Всеки ден взимайте следващата тема в списъка, изгледайте няколко клипа по тази тема и след това напишете имплементацията на въпросната структура от данни или алгоритъм в езика за програмиране, който сте избрали за този курс. +Всеки ден взимайте следващата тема в списъка, изгледайте няколко клипа по тази тема и след това напишете имплементацията +на въпросната структура от данни или алгоритъм в езика за програмиране, който сте избрали за този курс. Можете да видите моя код тук: -- [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) -- [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) -- [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) +- [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) +- [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) +- [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) -Не е нужно да помните всеки алгоритъм наизуст. Необходимо е просто да ги разбирате достатъчно добре, за да можете да напишете собствена имплементация. +Не е нужно да помните всеки алгоритъм наизуст. Необходимо е просто да ги разбирате достатъчно добре, за да можете да +напишете собствена имплементация. ## Подготовка за въпроси за програмиране - Защо това е тук? Аз не съм готов да се явя на интервю. +Защо това е тук? Аз не съм готов да се явя на интервю. [Тогава се върни и прочети това.](#3-решавайте-задачи-от-интервюта-по-програмиране-докато-учите) Защо трябва да се упражнявате да решавате задачи по програмиране: -- Разпознаване на проблеми и знанието кога и къде да ползвате дадена структура от данни или алгоритъм -- Събиране на изискванията за задачата -- Изговаряне на мислите Ви докато решавате както ще правите на интервюто -- Писане на код върху дъска или лист хартия вместо на компютър -- Намиране на времевата и пространствената сложност на решенията Ви (вижте Big-O надолу) -- Тестване на решенията Ви +- Разпознаване на проблеми и знанието кога и къде да ползвате дадена структура от данни или алгоритъм +- Събиране на изискванията за задачата +- Изговаряне на мислите Ви докато решавате както ще правите на интервюто +- Писане на код върху дъска или лист хартия вместо на компютър +- Намиране на времевата и пространствената сложност на решенията Ви (вижте Big-O надолу) +- Тестване на решенията Ви -Пишете код на дъска или лист хартия вместо на компютър. Тествайте с няколко различни входни данни. След това го напишете и тествайте на компютър. +Пишете код на дъска или лист хартия вместо на компютър. Тествайте с няколко различни входни данни. След това го напишете +и тествайте на компютър. -Ако нямате дъска за писане вкъщи можете да си купите голям тефтер от магазин за арт материали. Можете просто да седите на дивана и да се упражнявате. Това е моята "дъска за дивана". Добавих химикала към снимката за съпоставка на размера. Ако използвате химикал бързо ще ви се поиска да можеше да триете написаното- бързо става мазало. **Аз ползвам молив и гума.** +Ако нямате дъска за писане вкъщи можете да си купите голям тефтер от магазин за арт материали. Можете просто да седите +на дивана и да се упражнявате. Това е моята "дъска за дивана". Добавих химикала към снимката за съпоставка на размера. +Ако използвате химикал бързо ще ви се поиска да можеше да триете написаното - бързо става мазало. **Аз ползвам молив и гума.** ![моята дъска за дивана](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) @@ -471,29 +517,29 @@ Решаване на задачи: -- [Как да намерим решение](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) -- [Как да направим дисекция на условие на задача от Topcoder](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) +- [Как да намерим решение](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [Как да направим дисекция на условие на задача от Topcoder](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) Клипове за задачи от интервюта по програмиране: -- [IDeserve (88 клипа)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) -- [Tushar Roy (5 плейлисти)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) - - Супер за насоки за решаване на задачи -- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 клипа)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) - - Добро обяснение на решението и кода - - Можете да изгледате няколко клипа в малък прозорец от време -- [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) +- [IDeserve (88 клипа)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5 плейлисти)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - Супер за насоки за решаване на задачи +- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 клипа)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - Добро обяснение на решението и кода + - Можете да изгледате няколко клипа в малък прозорец от време +- [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) Сайтове със задачи: -- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) - - Любимият ми сайт със задачи. Струва си парите за абонамент за времето, в което ще се подготвяте. - - Вижте клиповете на Nick White и FisherCoder Videos по-горе за насоки със някои задачи. -- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) -- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) -- [Geeks for Geeks](https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/explore/?page=1) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/) -- [Project Euler](https://projecteuler.net/) +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) + - Любимият ми сайт със задачи. Струва си парите за абонамент за времето, в което ще се подготвяте. + - Вижте клиповете на Nick White и FisherCoder Videos по-горе за насоки със някои задачи. +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/explore/?page=1) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/) +- [Project Euler](https://projecteuler.net/) ## Да започваме @@ -503,184 +549,182 @@ ## Алгоритмична сложност / Big-O / Асимптотичен анализ -- Няма нищо за имплементация тук, единствено ще гледате клипове и ще си водите записки! Йей! -- Има доста клипове тук. Просто изгледайте достатъчно докато не го разберете. Винаги можете да се върнете обратно и да преговорите. -- Не се притеснявайте ако не разбирате всичката математика, която стои отзад. -- Трябва просто да можете да изразите сложността на даден алгоритъм чрез Big-O -- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) -- [ ] [Big O Notations (общ наръчник) (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) -- [ ] [Big O Notation (и Omega, и Theta) - най-доброто математично обяснение (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [ ] Skiena: - - [клип](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [slides](https://archive.org/details/lecture2_202008) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (клип)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) -- [ ] [Амортизиран анализ (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): - - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) -- [ ] [Пищови](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- Няма нищо за имплементация тук, единствено ще гледате клипове и ще си водите записки! Йей! +- Има доста клипове тук. Просто изгледайте достатъчно докато не го разберете. Винаги можете да се върнете обратно и да преговорите. +- Не се притеснявайте ако не разбирате всичката математика, която стои отзад. +- Трябва просто да можете да изразите сложността на даден алгоритъм чрез Big-O +- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [Big O Notations (общ наръчник) (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [Big O Notation (и Omega, и Theta) - най-доброто математично обяснение (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] Skiena: + - [клип](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [slides](https://archive.org/details/lecture2_202008) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (клип)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [Амортизиран анализ (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) +- [ ] [Пищови](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) Е, това е достатъчно за тази тема. -Когато четете "Cracking the Coding Interview" ще срещнете главата, която разглежда тази тема. Накрая на главата има кратък тест, който проверява дали можете да намерите сложността на различни алгоритми. Това е супер преговор и тест. +Когато четете "Cracking the Coding Interview" ще срещнете главата, която разглежда тази тема. Накрая на главата има +кратък тест, който проверява дали можете да намерите сложността на различни алгоритми. Това е супер преговор и тест. ## Структури от данни -- ### Масиви +- ### Масиви + - [ ] За масивите: + - [Arrays (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/arrays-OsBSF) + - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (клип)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (Start watching from 15m 32s) + - [Dynamic Arrays (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/dynamic-arrays-EwbnV) + - [Jagged Arrays (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [ ] Имплементирайте вектор (променлив масив с автоматично преоразмеряване): + - [ ] Упражнявайте се да пишете код, ползвайки масиви и пойнтъри. Ползвайте пойнтъри за преместване към индекс вместо индексиране + - [ ] New raw data array with allocated memory + - can allocate int array under the hood, just not use its features + - start with 16, or if starting number is greater, use power of 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 + - [ ] size() - номер на елементите + - [ ] capacity() - номер на елементите, които може да побира + - [ ] is_empty() + - [ ] at(index) - връща елемента на дадения индекс, ако индекса е извън границите на масива връща грешка + - [ ] push(item) + - [ ] insert(index, item) - вкарва елемента на дадения елемент, измествайки съществуващия елемент на този индекс и всички елементи след него надясно + - [ ] prepend(item) - може да добавя елементи на индекс 0 + - [ ] pop() - премахва елемент от края и връща стойността му + - [ ] delete(index) - изтрива елемента на дадения индекс и измества всички елементи след него наляво + - [ ] remove(item) - търси стойността на елемента и премахва всички индекси, които я съдържат + - [ ] find(item) - търси стойността на елемента и връща първия индекс, който я съдържа, или -1 ако няма такъв елемент + - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private function + - когато достигнете максималния обем, преоразмерете като дублирате обема + - когато pop-вате елемент, ако обема на масива е 1/4 от капацитета му, преоразмерете масива наполовина + - [ ] Време + - O(1) за добавяне/премахване към края, индексиране или актуализиране + - O(n) за добавяне/премахване другаде + - [ ] Пространство + - contiguous in memory, so proximity helps performance + - нужно място = (капацитета на масива, който е >= n) \* размера на елемента, но дори 2n, пак е O(n) - - [ ] За масивите: - - [Arrays (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/arrays-OsBSF) - - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (клип)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (Start watching from 15m 32s) - - [Dynamic Arrays (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/dynamic-arrays-EwbnV) - - [Jagged Arrays (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) - - [ ] Имплементирайте вектор (променлив масив с автоматично преоразмеряване): - - [ ] Упражнявайте се да пишете код, ползвайки масиви и пойнтъри. Ползвайте пойнтъри за преместване към индекс вместо индексиране - - [ ] New raw data array with allocated memory - - can allocate int array under the hood, just not use its features - - start with 16, or if starting number is greater, use power of 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 - - [ ] size() - номер на елементите - - [ ] capacity() - номер на елементите, които може да побира - - [ ] is_empty() - - [ ] at(index) - връща елемента на дадения индекс, ако индекса е извън границите на масива връща грешка - - [ ] push(item) - - [ ] insert(index, item) - вкарва елемента на дадения елемент, измествайки съществуващия елемент на този индекс и всички елементи след него надясно - - [ ] prepend(item) - може да добавя елементи на индекс 0 - - [ ] pop() - премахва елемент от края и връща стойността му - - [ ] delete(index) - изтрива елемента на дадения индекс и измества всички елементи след него наляво - - [ ] remove(item) - търси стойността на елемента и премахва всички индекси, които я съдържат - - [ ] find(item) - търси стойността на елемента и връща първия индекс, който я съдържа, или -1 ако няма такъв елемент - - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private function - - когато достигнете максималния обем, преоразмерете като дублирате обема - - когато pop-вате елемент, ако обема на масива е 1/4 от капацитета му, преоразмерете масива наполовина - - [ ] Време - - O(1) за добавяне/премахване към края, индексиране или актуализиране - - O(n) за добавяне/премахване другаде - - [ ] Пространство - - contiguous in memory, so proximity helps performance - - нужно място = (капацитета на масива, който е >= n) \* размера на елемента, но дори 2n, пак е O(n) +- ### Свързани списъци + - [ ] Описание: + - [ ] [Единично свързани списъци (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (клип)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (клип)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) + - [ ] [Код в C (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - не цялото видео, само частите за Node structs и алокация на памет + - [ ] Свързани списъци срещу масиви: + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9) + - [Свързани списъци срещу масиви в истинския свят (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd) + - [ ] [Защо да избягваме свързаните списъци (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [ ] Аха: трябват Ви pointer to pointer знания: + (за да можете да подавате pointer към функция, която може да промени адреса, към който сочи pointer-a) + Тази страница служи само да схванете ptr to ptr. Не препоръчвам този стил на обхождане на списъка. Четливостта + и поддържаемостта страдат заради хитрости. + - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) + - [ ] Имплементация: + - [ ] size() - връща броя на елементите + - [ ] empty() - булева стойност, връща true ако списъка е празен + - [ ] value_at(index) - връща стойността на n-тия елемент (почвайки от 0 за първия елемент) + - [ ] push_front(value) - добавя стойност към началото на списъка + - [ ] pop_front() - премахва първия елемент и връща стойността му + - [ ] push_back(value) - добавя елемент към края + - [ ] pop_back() - премахва последния елемент и връща стойността му + - [ ] front() - взима стойността на първия елемент + - [ ] back() - взима стойността на последния елемент + - [ ] insert(index, value) - вкарва елемента на дадения индекс, така че новия елемент да сочи към стария елемент на този индекс + - [ ] erase(index) - изтрива node-а на дадения индекс + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - връща стойността на node-а, седящ на позиция n от края на списъка + - [ ] reverse() - обръща списъка + - [ ] remove_value(value) - премахва първия елемент от списъка, съдържащ тази стойност + - [ ] Двойно свързан списък + - [Описание (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/doubly-linked-lists-jpGKD) + - Няма нужда от имплементация -- ### Свързани списъци +- ### Стек + - [ ] [Стекове (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) + - [ ] Няма нужда да се имплементира. Имплементацията с масив е тривиална. - - [ ] Описание: - - [ ] [Единично свързани списъци (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) - - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (клип)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (клип)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) - - [ ] [Код в C (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - не цялото видео, само частите за Node structs и алокация на памет - - [ ] Свързани списъци срещу масиви: - - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9) - - [Свързани списъци срещу масиви в истинския свят (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd) - - [ ] [Защо да избягваме свързаните списъци (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) - - [ ] Аха: трябват Ви pointer to pointer знания: - (за да можете да подавате pointer към функция, която може да промени адреса, към който сочи pointer-a) - Тази страница служи само да схванете ptr to ptr. Не препоръчвам този стил на обхождане на списъка. Четливостта и поддържаемостта страдат заради хитрости. - - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) - - [ ] Имплементация: - - [ ] size() - връща броя на елементите - - [ ] empty() - булева стойност, връща true ако списъка е празен - - [ ] value_at(index) - връща стойността на n-тия елемент (почвайки от 0 за първия елемент) - - [ ] push_front(value) - добавя стойност към началото на списъка - - [ ] pop_front() - премахва първия елемент и връща стойността му - - [ ] push_back(value) - добавя елемент към края - - [ ] pop_back() - премахва последния елемент и връща стойността му - - [ ] front() - взима стойността на първия елемент - - [ ] back() - взима стойността на последния елемент - - [ ] insert(index, value) - вкарва елемента на дадения индекс, така че новия елемент да сочи към стария елемент на този индекс - - [ ] erase(index) - изтрива node-а на дадения индекс - - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - връща стойността на node-а, седящ на позиция n от края на списъка - - [ ] reverse() - обръща списъка - - [ ] remove_value(value) - премахва първия елемент от списъка, съдържащ тази стойност - - [ ] Двойно свързан списък - - [Описание (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/doubly-linked-lists-jpGKD) - - Няма нужда от имплементация +- ### Опашка + - [ ] [Опашка (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) + - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) + - [ ] Имплементирайте със свързан списък с tail pointer: + - enqueue(value) - добавя стойност на опашката + - dequeue() - връща стойността и премахва най-предния елемент на опашката (front) + - empty() + - [ ] Имплементрайте с масив с фиксирана големина: + - enqueue(value) - добавя елемента в края на наличното пространство + - dequeue() - връща стойността и премахва най-предния елемент на опашката + - empty() + - full() + - [ ] Разход: + - лоша имплементация, ползвайки свързан списък където правим enqueue в началото и dequeue в края би била O(n) + защото ще се нуждаете от предпоследния елемент, което ще предизвиква цялостно обхождане при всяко dequeue + - enqueue: O(1) (amortized, свъзран списък и масив [probing]) + - dequeue: O(1) (свъзран списък и масив) + - empty: O(1) (свъзран списък и масив) -- ### Стек - - - [ ] [Стекове (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ) - - [ ] Няма нужда да се имплементира. Имплементацията с масив е тривиална. - -- ### Опашка - - - [ ] [Опашка (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) - - [ ] Имплементирайте със свързан списък с tail pointer: - - enqueue(value) - добавя стойност на опашката - - dequeue() - връща стойността и премахва най-предния елемент на опашката (front) - - empty() - - [ ] Имплементрайте с масив с фиксирана големина: - - enqueue(value) - добавя елемента в края на наличното пространство - - dequeue() - връща стойността и премахва най-предния елемент на опашката - - empty() - - full() - - [ ] Разход: - - лоша имплементация, ползвайки свързан списък където правим enqueue в началото и dequeue в края би била O(n) - защото ще се нуждаете от предпоследния елемент, което ще предизвиква цялостно обхождане при всяко dequeue - - enqueue: O(1) (amortized, свъзран списък и масив [probing]) - - dequeue: O(1) (свъзран списък и масив) - - empty: O(1) (свъзран списък и масив) - -- ### Хеш таблици - - - [ ] Клипове: - - - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) - - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - - [ ] [PyCon 2017: The Dictionary Even Mightier (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU) - - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - - [ ] [(За напреднали) Perfect hashing (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) - - - [ ] Онлайн курсовe: - - - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) - - [ ] [Data Structures (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4) - - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/phone-book-problem-NYZZP) - - [ ] Дистрибутирани хеш таблици: - - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox-DvaIb) - - [Distributed Hash Tables (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/distributed-hash-tables-tvH8H) - - - [ ] Имплементирайте с масив, ползвайки linear probing - - hash(k, m) - m е размера на хеш таблицата - - add(key, value) - ако ключа съществува актуализирайте стойността - - exists(key) - - get(key) - - remove(key) +- ### Хеш таблици + - [ ] Клипове: + - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [PyCon 2017: The Dictionary Even Mightier (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [(За напреднали) Perfect hashing (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) + - [ ] Онлайн курсовe: + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) + - [ ] [Data Structures (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4) + - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/phone-book-problem-NYZZP) + - [ ] Дистрибутирани хеш таблици: + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox-DvaIb) + - [Distributed Hash Tables (клип)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/distributed-hash-tables-tvH8H) + - [ ] Имплементирайте с масив, ползвайки linear probing + - hash(k, m) - m е размера на хеш таблицата + - add(key, value) - ако ключа съществува актуализирайте стойността + - exists(key) + - get(key) + - remove(key) ## Повече знания -- ### Двоично търсене - - [ ] [Binary Search (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - - [ ] [Binary Search (клип)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - - [ ] [детайли](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) - - [ ] Имплементирайте: - - двоично търсене (на сортиран масив от integers) - - двоично търсене чрез рекурсия -- ### Побитови операции - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - трябва да знаете доста от степените на 2 от (2^1 до 2^16 и 2^32) - - [ ] Бъдете сигурни, че разбирате добре битовата манипулация: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - - [ ] [думи]() - - [ ] Добро въведение: - [Bit Manipulation (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) - - [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) - - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) - - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) - - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) - - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) - - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) - - [ ] [Bit Hacks (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZusiKXcz_ac) - - [ ] [Practice Operations](https://pconrad.github.io/old_pconrad_cs16/topics/bitOps/) - - [ ] 2s and 1s complement - - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) - - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) - - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) - - [ ] Преброяване на набор от битове - - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (клип)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) - - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) - - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) - - [ ] Размяна на стойности: - - [Swap](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) - - [ ] Абсолютна стойност: - - [Absolute Integer](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) +- ### Двоично търсене + - [ ] [Binary Search (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) + - [ ] [Binary Search (клип)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + - [ ] [детайли](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) + - [ ] Имплементирайте: + - двоично търсене (на сортиран масив от integers) + - двоично търсене чрез рекурсия +- ### Побитови операции + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - трябва да знаете доста от степените на 2 от (2^1 до 2^16 и 2^32) + - [ ] Бъдете сигурни, че разбирате добре битовата манипулация: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << + - [ ] [думи]() + - [ ] Добро въведение: [Bit Manipulation (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) + - [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) + - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) + - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) + - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] [Bit Hacks (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZusiKXcz_ac) + - [ ] [Practice Operations](https://pconrad.github.io/old_pconrad_cs16/topics/bitOps/) + - [ ] 2s and 1s complement + - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) + - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) + - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) + - [ ] Преброяване на набор от битове + - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (клип)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) + - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) + - [ ] Размяна на стойности: + - [Swap](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + - [ ] Абсолютна стойност: + - [Absolute Integer](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) ## Дървета @@ -703,6 +747,9 @@ - inorder (DFS: ляво, self, дясно) - postorder (DFS: ляво, дясно, self) - preorder (DFS: self, ляво, дясно) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Дървета за двоично търсене: BSTs @@ -749,6 +796,7 @@ - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (клип)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Имплементирайте max-heap: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - нужно е за insert @@ -818,6 +866,14 @@ - [ ] [Имплементация (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Имплементация (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Имплементирайте: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) сложност в средния/ най-лошия случай @@ -885,6 +941,8 @@ - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Претеглени графи (клип)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Алчни алгоритми: Минимално обхващащо дърво (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Алгоритъм за граф на Kosaraju за силно свързани компоненти (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Пълен курс в Coursera: @@ -1155,8 +1213,9 @@ - [ ] Серия от 2-3 минутни кратки клипове по различни теми (23 клипа) - [Клипове](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Серия от 2-5 минутни кратки клипове по различни теми - Michael Sambol (38 клипа): - - [Клипове](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Серия от 2-5 минутни кратки клипове по различни теми - Michael Sambol (48 клипа): + - [Клипове](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Алгоритми I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Алгоритми II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -1426,7 +1485,7 @@ Mock интервюта: - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) -## Additional Learning +## Допънителни теми за учене Добавих тези теми, за да Ви помогна да бъдете по-добри софтуерни инженери и да сте наясно с определени технологии и алгоритми, което ще разшири "инструментите", с които можете да работите @@ -1457,8 +1516,8 @@ Mock интервюта: - [Emacs въководство (За начинаещи) -Част 3- Изрази, Твърдения, ~/.emacs файлове и пакети](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) - [Зъл режим(Evil mode): Или как се научих да спра да се тревожа и да заобичам Emacs (клип)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) - [Писане на C програми с Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) - - [Emacs-Наръчник за начинаещи (видео от David Wilson)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48JlgiBpw_I&t=0s) - - [Emacs-Наръчник за начинаещи (записки на David Wilson)](https://systemcrafters.net/emacs-essentials/absolute-beginners-guide-to-emacs/) + - [Emacs-Наръчник за начинаещи (видео от David Wilson)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48JlgiBpw_I&t=0s) + - [Emacs-Наръчник за начинаещи (записки на David Wilson)](https://systemcrafters.net/emacs-essentials/absolute-beginners-guide-to-emacs/) - ### Unix command line tools @@ -1637,6 +1696,7 @@ Mock интервюта: - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - **Splay trees** @@ -1664,7 +1724,7 @@ Mock интервюта: - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) - + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - **2-3 search trees** - In practice: @@ -1705,6 +1765,7 @@ Mock интервюта: - [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees diff --git a/translations/README-bn.md b/translations/README-bn.md index 3c19986..fea6714 100644 --- a/translations/README-bn.md +++ b/translations/README-bn.md @@ -1,16 +1,17 @@ -# কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কার বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় - -> আমি এটি, প্রথমে,একটি সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ার হওয়ার জন্য অধ্যয়নের বিষয়গুলির একটি স্বল্প-করণীয় তালিকা হিসাবে তৈরি করেছিলাম, -> তবে এটি আজ এক বৃহত তালিকার রুপ ধারণ করেছে যা আপনি দেখতে পাচ্ছেন । এই অধ্যয়নের পরিকল্পনাটি শেষ করার পরে, [আমি অ্যামাজনে সফটওয়্যার ডেভলপমেন্ট ইঞ্জিনিয়ার হিসাবে নিয়োগ পেয়েছি।](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! -> -> আপনাকে সম্ভবত আমার মতো পড়াশোনা করতে হবে না। যাইহোক, আপনার যা কিছু প্রয়োজন তা এখানেই পাবেন। -> -> আমি বেশ কয়েক মাস ধরে প্রতিদিন প্রায় ৮-১২ ঘন্টা অধ্যয়ন করেছি। এটি আমার গল্প: [গুগল সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্যি কেন আমি ৮ মাস পূর্ণ-সময় অধ্যয়ন করেছি?](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) -> -> **দয়া করে মনে রাখবেন:** আপনাকে আমার মত পড়াশুনা করতে হবে না। আমার জানার প্রয়োজন নেই এমন জিনিসগুলিতে আমি অনেক সময় নষ্ট করেছি। নিচে যে সম্পর্কে আরও তথ্য আছে। আপনার মূল্যবান সময় নষ্ট না করে আমি আপনাকে সেখানে যেতে সাহায্য করব। +# কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কার বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় + +> আমি এটি প্রথমে একটি সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ার হওয়ার জন্য অধ্যয়নের বিষয়গুলির একটি স্বল্প-করণীয় তালিকা হিসাবে তৈরি করেছিলাম, +> তবে এটি আজ আপনি যে বৃহত তালিকা দেখতে পাচ্ছেন তাতে রুপ নিয়েছে এই শিক্ষা পরিকল্পনাটি পেরিয়ে যাওয়ার পরে, [আমি নিয়োগ পেয়েছি +> অ্যামাজনে সফটওয়্যার ডেভলপমেন্ট ইঞ্জিনিয়ার হিসাবে](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! +> +> **খেয়াল করুন** আপনাকে সম্ভবত আমার মতো পড়াশোনা করতে হবে না। যাইহোক, আপনার যা কিছু প্রয়োজন তা এখানেই। +> +> আমি বেশ কয়েক মাস ধরে প্রতিদিন প্রায় ৮-১২ ঘন্টা অধ্যয়ন করেছি। এটি আমার গল্প: [গুগল সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য আমি কেন ৮ মাস পূর্ণ-সময় অধ্যয়ন করেছি](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) +> +> এখানে তালিকাভুক্ত আইটেমগুলি যেকোনো সফ্টওয়্যার সংস্থার সম্পর্কে আপনাকে একটি সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য ভালভাবে প্রস্তুত করবে, +> যার মধ্যে থাকবে বৃহৎ প্রযুক্তি কোম্পানি যেমন: অ্যামাজন, ফেসবুক, গুগল বা মাইক্রোসফ্ট। +> -> এখানে তালিকাভুক্ত আইটেমগুলি আপনাকে, অ্যামাজন, ফেসবুক, গুগল বা মাইক্রোসফ্ট - এর মতো টেক জায়ান্টস সহ যে কোনও সফ্টওয়্যার সংস্থার সম্পর্কে একটি সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য ভালভাবে প্রস্তুত করবে । -> > *আপনার জন্য শুভকামনা!*
@@ -56,320 +57,285 @@

পৃষ্ঠপোষক হয়ে যান এবং কোডিং ইন্টারভিউ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় সমর্থন করুন!

-

- বিশেষ ধন্যবাদঃ -

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-##এটা কি? +## এটি কি ![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) -কোনও বড় প্রতিষ্ঠানের সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ারের কাছে ওয়েব বিকাশকারী (স্ব-শিক্ষিত, কোনও সিএস ডিগ্রি) থেকে যাওয়ার জন্য এটি আমার বহু মাসের অধ্যয়ন পরিকল্পনা। +এটি আমার বহু মাসের অধ্যয়ন পরিকল্পনা যার মাধ্যমে কোনো বড় প্রতিষ্ঠানের সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ারের কাজে (স্ব-শিক্ষিত, কোনও সিএস ডিগ্রি ছাড়া) যোগ দেওয়া সম্ভব। -**অপরিহার্যঃ** -* কোডিং নিয়ে একটু অভিজ্ঞতা (variables, loops, methods/functions, etc) + +**গুরুত্বপূর্নঃ** + +* প্রোগ্রামিং এ সামান্য অভিজ্ঞতা (ভ্যারিয়েবলস,লুপ্স,মেথড/ফাংশন,ইত্যাদি) * ধৈর্য -* সময় - -এটা **সফ্টওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং** এর জন্য অধ্যয়ন পরিকল্পনা, ওয়েব ডেভেলপমেন্টের জন্য নয়। বড় সফটওয়্যার কোম্পানি যেমন গুগল, অ্যামাজন, -ফেসবুক এবং মাইক্রোসফট সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিংকে ওয়েব ডেভেলপমেন্ট থেকে আলাদা বলে মনে করে। উদাহরণস্বরূপ, অ্যামাজন আছে -ফ্রন্টেন্ড ইঞ্জিনিয়ার্স (FEE) এবং সফটওয়্যার ডেভেলপমেন্ট ইঞ্জিনিয়ার্স (SDE)। এই দুটি পৃথক পদ এবং তার জন্য সাক্ষাৎকার -তারা একই হবে না, প্রত্যেকের নিজস্ব দক্ষতা আছে। এই কোম্পানিগুলো চায় কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞান জ্ঞান -সফ্টওয়্যার ডেভেলপমেন্ট/ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং পদের জন্য। +* সময় + + বিজ্ঞপ্তি এটি সফ্টওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং এর অধ্যয়ন পরিকল্পনা, ওয়েব ডেভলপমেন্ট এর নয়। বড় বড় সফ্টওয়্যার কোম্পানি যেমন গুগল, অ্যামাজন,ফেসবুক এবং মাইক্রোসফ্ট সফ্টওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং কে ওয়েব ডেভলপমেন্ট থেকে আলাদা হিসাবে দেখে। যেমন অ্যামাজন এর ফ্রন্ট এন্ড ইঞ্জিনিয়ার (এফইই) এবং সফ্টওয়্যার ডেভলপমেন্ট ইঞ্জিনিয়ার (এফডিই) দুই ধরনের ইঞ্জিনিয়ার আছে। এই দুইটি আলাদা চাকরি এবং এদের ইন্টারভিউ ও আলাদা ধরনের হবে। কারন এই দুই ধরনের পেশার জন্য আলাদা দক্ষতা প্রয়োজন। এই প্রতিষ্ঠান গুলো সফ্টওয়্যার ডেভলপমেন্ট ইঞ্জিনিয়ার এর চাকরির জন্য কম্পিউটার সাইন্স এর জ্ঞান হাকা আবশ্যক মনে করে। + --- ## সুচিপত্র ### পাঠ পরিকল্পনা - -- [এটি কী?](#এটি-কী) -- [কেন এটি ব্যবহার করবেন?](#এটি-কেন-ব্যবহার-করুন) + +- [এটি কি](#এটি-কি) +- [কেন এটি ব্যবহার করবেন](#কেন-এটি-ব্যবহার-করবেন) - [এটি কীভাবে ব্যবহার করবেন](#এটি-কীভাবে-ব্যবহার-করবেন) -- [মনে হয় আপনি যথেষ্ট স্মার্ট নন](#মনে-করেন-না-আপনি-স্মার্ট-যথেষ্ট) -- [ভিডিও সংস্থান সম্পর্কে](#ভিডিও-সংস্থান-সম্পর্কে) -- [একটি প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা নির্বাচন করুন](#একটি-প্রোগ্রামিং-ভাষা-নির্বাচন-করুন) -- [ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং অ্যালগরিদমের জন্য বই](#ডেটা-স্ট্রাকচার-এবং-অ্যালগরিদমের-জন্য-বই) -- [ইন্টারভিউ প্রস্তুতি বই](#ইন্টারভিউ-প্রস্তুতি-বই) -- [আমার মত ভুল করবেন না](#আমার-মত-ভুল-করবেন-না) -- [এখানে যে বিষয়গুলো থাকবে না](#এখানে-যে-বিষয়গুলো-থাকবে-না) +- [আপনি কি নিজেকে যথেষ্ট স্মার্ট ভাবেন নাহ](#আপনি-কি-নিজেকে-যথেষ্ট-স্মার্ট-ভাবেন-নাহ) +- [ভিডিও রিসোর্স সম্পর্কে কিছু কথা](#ভিডিও-রিসোর্স-সম্পর্কে-কিছু-কথা) +- [একটি প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা বেছে নিন](#একটি-প্রোগ্রামিং-ভাষা-বেছে-নিন) +- [ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং এ্যালগোরিদম এর বইসমুহ](#ডাটা-স্ট্রাকচার-এবং-এ্যালগোরিদম-এর-বইসমুহ) +- [ইন্টারভিউ এর প্রস্তুতি এর বইসমুহ](#ইন্টারভিউ-এর-প্রস্তুতি-এর-বইসমুহ) +- [আমার ভুল গুলো করবেন নাহ](#আমার-ভুল-গুলো-করবেন-নাহ) +- [এখানে যা শেখানো হবে না](#কী-আপনি-দেখতে-পাবেন-না) - [দৈনিক পরিকল্পনা](#দৈনিক-পরিকল্পনা) - [কোডিং প্রশ্ন অনুশীলন](#কোডিং-প্রশ্ন-অনুশীলন) -- [কোডিং চ্যালেঞ্জ](#কোডিং-চ্যালেঞ্জ) +- [কোডিং অনুশীলন / চ্যালেঞ্জ](#কোডিং-এক্সারসাইজেশনগুলি) -### অধ্যয়নের বিষয় -- [অ্যালগরিদমিক জটিলতা / বিগ-ও / অ্যাসিপটোটিক বিশ্লেষণ](#অ্যালগোরিদমিক-জটিলতা-বিগ-ও-অ্যাসিপোটোটিক-বিশ্লেষণ) +### অধ্যয়নের বিষয়সমূহ + +- [অ্যালগোরিদমিক জটিলতা / বিগ-ও / অ্যাসিম্পটোটিক বিশ্লেষণ](#অ্যালগোরিদমিক-জটিলতা-বিগ-ও-অ্যাসিপোটোটিক-বিশ্লেষণ) + - [ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার](#ডেটা-স্ট্রাকচার) -[অ্যারে](#অ্যারে) - -[লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকা](#লিঙ্কযুক্ত-তালিকাগুলি) + -[লিঙ্কলিস্ট](#লিঙ্কযুক্ত-তালিকাগুলি) -[স্ট্যাক](#স্ট্যাক) - -[সারি](#সারি) + -[কিউ](#সারি) -[হ্যাশ টেবিল](#হ্যাশ-টেবিল) - [আরও জ্ঞান](#আরও-জ্ঞান) - -[বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান](#বাইনারি-অনুসন্ধান) + -[বাইনারি সার্চ](#বাইনারি-অনুসন্ধান) -[বিটওয়াইজ অপারেশন](#বিটওয়াইস-অপারেশন) -- [গাছ](#গাছ) - -[গাছ-নোট ও পটভূমি](#গাছ-নোট-পটভূমি) - -[বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান গাছ: বিএসটিএস](#বাইনারি-অনুসন্ধান-গাছ-বুস্ট) - -[গাদা / অগ্রাধিকার সারি / বাইনারি হিপ](#হিপ-অগ্রাধিকার-সারি-বাইনারি-হিপ) - -সুষম অনুসন্ধান গাছ (সাধারণ ধারণা, বিশদ নয়) - -ট্র্যাভারসাল: প্রির্ডার, ইনর্ডার, পোস্টর্ডার, বিএফএস, ডিএফএস -- [বাছাই করা](#বাছাই-করা) - -নির্বাচন - -সন্নিবেশ - -হিপসোর্ট - -দ্রুত বাছাই - -মার্জ সাজান +- [ট্রি](#গাছ) + - [ট্রি-নোট এবং পটভূমি](#গাছ-নোট-পটভূমি) + - [বাইনারি সার্চ গাছ: বিএসটি](#বাইনারি-অনুসন্ধান-গাছ-বুস্ট) + - [হিপ / প্রায়োরিটি কিউ / বাইনারি হিপ](#হিপ-অগ্রাধিকার-সারি-বাইনারি-হিপ) + - ব্যালান্সড সার্চ ট্রি (সাধারণ ধারণা, বিশদ নয়) + - ট্র্যাভারসালস: প্রিওর্ডার, ইনওর্ডার, পোস্টওর্ডার, বিএফএস, ডিএফএস +- [সোর্টিং](#বাছাই-করা) + - সিলেকশন + - ইন্সার্শন + - হিপসোর্ট + - কুইক সোর্ট + - মার্জ সোর্টি - [গ্রাফ](#গ্রাফ) - -পরিচালিত - -পুনর্নির্দেশ - -অন্তিক ম্যাট্রিক্স - -সংলগ্ন তালিকা + - ডিরেক্টেড + - আনডিরেক্টেড + - সংলগ্ন ম্যাট্রিক্স (adjacency matrix) + - সংলগ্ন লিস্ট (adjacency list) -ট্র্যাভারসাল: বিএফএস, ডিএফএস - [আরও বেশি জ্ঞান](#আরও-বেশি-জ্ঞান) - -[পুনরাবৃত্তি](#পুনরাবৃত্তি) - -[ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং](#ডায়নামিক-প্রোগ্রামিং) - -[অবজেক্ট-ওরিয়েন্টড প্রোগ্রামিং](#অবজেক্ট-ওরিয়েন্টেড-প্রোগ্রামিং) - -[নকশার ধরণগুলি](#ডিজাইন-নিদর্শন) - -[সংযুক্তি (এন কে নির্বাচন করুন) এবং সম্ভাবনা](#সংযুক্তি-এন-পছন্দ-কে-সম্ভাবনা) - -[এনপি, এনপি-সম্পূর্ণ এবং আনুমানিক অ্যালগরিদম](#এনপি-এনপি-সম্পূর্ণ-এবং-আনুমানিক-অ্যালগোরিদম) - -[ক্যাশে](#ক্যাশে) - -[প্রক্রিয়া এবং থ্রেড](#প্রক্রিয়া-এবং-থ্রেড) - -[পরীক্ষা](#পরীক্ষা) - -[সময়সূচী](#সময়সূচী) - -[স্ট্রিং সন্ধান এবং ম্যানিপুলেশনস](#স্ট্রিং-সন্ধান-ম্যানিপুলেশনস) - -[চেষ্টা](#চেষ্টা) - -[ভাসমান পয়েন্ট নম্বর](#ভাসমান-পয়েন্ট নম্বর) - -[ইউনিকোড](#ইউনিকোড) - -[অন্তিমারতা](#শেষতা) - -[নেটওয়ার্কিং](#নেটওয়ার্কিং) -- [সিস্টেম ডিজাইন, স্কেলাবিলিটি, ডেটা হ্যান্ডলিং](#সিস্টেম-ডিজাইন-স্কেলাবিলিটি-ডেটা-হ্যান্ডলিং) (যদি আপনার 4+ বছরের অভিজ্ঞতা থাকে) -- [চূড়ান্ত পর্যালোচনা](#চূড়ান্ত-পর্যালোচনা) -- [কোডিং প্রশ্ন অনুশীলন](#কোডিং-প্রশ্ন-অনুশীলন) -- [কোডিং অনুশীলন / চ্যালেঞ্জ](#কোডিং-এক্সারসাইজেশনগুলি) -- [একবার আপনি সাক্ষাত্কারের কাছাকাছি এসেছেন](#একবার-আপনি-সাক্ষাত্কারের-কাছাকাছি-এসেছেন) -- [আপনার জীবনবৃত্তান্ত](#আপনার-জীবনবৃত্তান্ত) + - [রিকার্শন](#পুনরাবৃত্তি) + - [ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং](#ডায়নামিক-প্রোগ্রামিং) + - [অবজেক্ট-ওরিয়েন্টড প্রোগ্রামিং](#অবজেক্ট-ওরিয়েন্টেড-প্রোগ্রামিং) + - [ডিজাইন প্যাটার্ন্স](#ডিজাইন-নিদর্শন) + - [সমাবেশ (এন থেকে কে নির্বাচন করুন) এবং সম্ভাবনা (Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability)](#সংযুক্তি-এন-পছন্দ-কে-সম্ভাবনা) + - [এনপি, এনপি-সম্পূর্ণ এবং আনুমানিক অ্যালগরিদম](#এনপি-এনপি-সম্পূর্ণ-এবং-আনুমানিক-অ্যালগোরিদম) + - [কম্পিউটার কিভাবে প্রোগ্রাম প্রসেস করে](কম্পিউটার-কিভাবে-প্রোগ্রাম-প্রসেস-করে) + - [ক্যাশ](#ক্যাশে) + - [প্রসেস এবং থ্রেড](#প্রক্রিয়া-এবং-থ্রেড) + - [টেস্টিং](#পরীক্ষা) + - [স্ট্রিং সন্ধান এবং ম্যানিপুলেশনস](#স্ট্রিং-সন্ধান-ম্যানিপুলেশনস) + - [ট্রাইস](#চেষ্টা) + - [ফ্লোটিং পয়েন্ট নম্বর](#ভাসমান-পয়েন্ট-নম্বর) + - [ইউনিকোড](#ইউনিকোড) + - [এন্ডিয়ান্স](#শেষতা) + - [নেটওয়ার্কিং](#নেটওয়ার্কিং) + - [সময়সূচী](#সময়সূচী) +- [চূড়ান্ত পর্যালোচনা](#চূড়ান্ত-পর্যালোচনা) + + ### চাকরি পাওয়ার জন্য + +- [আপনার জীবনবৃত্তান্ত আপডেট করুন](#আপনার-জীবনবৃত্তান্ত) +- [চাকরি খোজা](চাকরি-খোজা) +- [সাক্ষাত্কারের প্রক্রিয়া এবং সাক্ষাত্কার প্রস্তুতি](#একবার-আপনি-সাক্ষাত্কারের-কাছাকাছি-এসেছেন) - [সাক্ষাত্কারটি আসার জন্য চিন্তাভাবনা করুন](#সাক্ষাত্কারটি-কখন-আসবে-এর-জন্য-চিন্তাভাবনা-করুন) -- [সাক্ষাত্কারকারীর জন্য প্রশ্ন রয়েছে](#সাক্ষাত্কারকারীর-জন্য-প্রশ্ন-রয়েছে) -- [একবার আপনি কাজটি পেয়ে যাবেন](#একবার-আপনি-কাজটি-পেয়েছেন) +- [সাক্ষাত্কারকারীর জন্য প্রশ্ন রাখুন](#সাক্ষাত্কারকারীর-জন্য-প্রশ্ন-রয়েছে) +- [চাকরি পাবার পর](#একবার-আপনি-কাজটি-পেয়েছেন) -----------------এই পয়েন্টের নীচে থাকা সমস্ত কিছুই ঐচ্ছিক---------------- +**----------------এই পয়েন্টের নীচে থাকা সমস্ত কিছুই ঐচ্ছিক----------------** -
-অতিরিক্ত সংস্থান +### ঐচ্ছিক অতিরিক্ত বিষয় ও রিসোর্স --[অতিরিক্ত বই](#অতিরিক্ত-বই) --[অতিরিক্ত শিক্ষা](#অতিরিক্ত-শিক্ষণ) - -[সংকলক](#সংকলক) - -[ইম্যাকস এবং ভিআই (এম)](#ইম্যাকস-এবং-ভিএম) - -[ইউনিক্স কমান্ড লাইন সরঞ্জাম](#ইউনিক্স-কমান্ড-লাইন-সরঞ্জাম) - -[তথ্য তত্ত্ব](#তথ্য-তত্ত্ব-ভিডিও) - -[সমতা এবং হামিং কোড](#সমতা-হামিং-কোড-ভিডিও) - -[এন্ট্রপি](#এনট্রপি) - -[ক্রিপ্টোগ্রাফি](#ক্রিপ্টোগ্রাফি) - -[সংক্ষেপণ](#সংক্ষেপণ) - -[কম্পিউটার সুরক্ষা](#কম্পিউটার-সুরক্ষা) - -[আবর্জনা সংগ্রহ](#জঞ্জাল-সংগ্রহ) - -[সমান্তরাল প্রোগ্রামিং](#সমান্তরাল-প্রোগ্রামিং) - -[মেসেজিং, সিরিয়ালাইজেশন, এবং কুইউিং সিস্টেম](#মেসেজিং-সিরিয়ালাইজেশন-এবং-কুইউং-সিস্টেম) - -[এ *](#ক) - -[ফাস্ট ফুরিয়ার ট্রান্সফর্ম](#ফাস্ট-ফুরিয়ার-ট্রান্সফর্ম) - -[ব্লুম ফিল্টার](#ব্লুম-ফিল্টার) - -[হাইপারলগলগ](#হাইপারলগলগ) - -[স্থানীয়তা-সংবেদনশীল হ্যাশিং](#লোকাল-সংবেদনশীল-হ্যাশিং) - -[ভ্যান এমডে বোস ট্রি](#ভ্যান-এমডি-বোস-ট্রি) - -[অগমেন্টেড ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার](#সংযুক্ত-ডেটা-কাঠামো) - -[ভারসাম্যযুক্ত অনুসন্ধান গাছ](#সুষম-অনুসন্ধান-গাছ) - -এভিএল গাছ - -গাছ স্প্লে - -লাল / কালো গাছ - -2-3 অনুসন্ধান গাছ - -২-৩-৪ টি গাছ (ওরফ ২-৪ টি গাছ) - -এন-আরি (কে-আরি, এম-আরি) গাছ - -বি-ট্রি - -[কেডি গাছ](#কেডি-ট্রি) - -[তালিকাগুলি বাদ দিন](#এড়িয়ে-যাওয়া-তালিকাগুলি) - -[নেটওয়ার্ক প্রবাহ](#নেটওয়ার্ক-প্রবাহ) - -[বিচ্ছিন্ন সেট এবং ইউনিয়ন সন্ধান করুন](#বিভেদ-সেট-ইউনিয়ন-অনুসন্ধান) - -[দ্রুত প্রক্রিয়াকরণের জন্য গণিত](#দ্রুত-প্রক্রিয়াজাতকরণের-জন্য-গণিত) - -[ট্রিপ](#ট্রাপ) - -[লিনিয়ার প্রোগ্রামিং](#লিনিয়ার-প্রোগ্রামিং-ভিডিও) - -[জ্যামিতি, উত্তল হাল](#জ্যামিতি-উত্তল-হাল-ভিডিও) - -[স্বতন্ত্র গণিত](#স্বতন্ত্র-গণিত) - -[মেশিন লার্নিং](#মেশিন-লার্নিং) --[কয়েকটি বিষয়ে অতিরিক্ত বিশদ বিবরণ](#কিছু-বিষয়ে-কিছু-অতিরিক্ত-বিশদ-বিবরণ) --[ভিডিও সিরিজ](#ভিডিও-সিরিজ) --[কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞান কোর্স](#কম্পিউটার-বিজ্ঞান-কোর্স) --[কাগজপত্র](#কাগজপত্র) +-[অধিক বই](#অতিরিক্ত-বই) +- [সিস্টেম ডিজাইন, স্কেলাবিলিটি, ডেটা হ্যান্ডলিং](#সিস্টেম-ডিজাইন-স্কেলাবিলিটি-ডেটা-হ্যান্ডলিং) (যদি আপনার 4+ বছরের অভিজ্ঞতা থাকে) +- [অধিক শিক্ষা](#অতিরিক্ত-শিক্ষণ) + - [কম্পাইলার্স](#সংকলক) + - [ইম্যাকস এবং ভিআই (এম)](#ইম্যাকস-এবং-ভিএম) + - [ইউনিক্স কমান্ড লাইন তুলস](#ইউনিক্স-কমান্ড-লাইন-সরঞ্জাম) + - [ইনফরমেশন থিয়োরি](#তথ্য-তত্ত্ব-ভিডিও) + - [প্যারিটি এবং হামিং কোড](#সমতা-হামিং-কোড-ভিডিও) + - [এন্ট্রপি](#এনট্রপি) + - [ক্রিপ্টোগ্রাফি](#ক্রিপ্টোগ্রাফি) + - [কম্প্রেশন](#সংক্ষেপণ) + - [কম্পিউটার সুরক্ষা](#কম্পিউটার-সুরক্ষা) + - [গারবেজ কালেকশন](#জঞ্জাল-সংগ্রহ) + - [প্যারালাল প্রোগ্রামিং](#সমান্তরাল-প্রোগ্রামিং) + - [মেসেজিং, সিরিয়ালাইজেশন, এবং কিউইং সিস্টেম](#মেসেজিং-সিরিয়ালাইজেশন-এবং-কুইউং-সিস্টেম) + - [এ *](#ক) + - [ফাস্ট ফুরিয়ার ট্রান্সফর্ম](#ফাস্ট-ফুরিয়ার-ট্রান্সফর্ম) + - [ব্লুম ফিল্টার](#ব্লুম-ফিল্টার) + - [হাইপারলগলগ](#হাইপারলগলগ) + - [লোকালিটি-সেনসিটিভ হ্যাশিং](#লোকাল-সংবেদনশীল-হ্যাশিং) + - [ভ্যান এমডে বোস ট্রি](#ভ্যান-এমডি-বোস-ট্রি) + - [অগমেন্টেড ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার](#সংযুক্ত-ডেটা-কাঠামো) + - [ব্যালান্সড সার্চ ট্রি](#সুষম-অনুসন্ধান-গাছ) + - এভিএল ট্রি + - স্প্লে ট্রি + - লাল / কালো গাছ + - 2-3 সার্চ ট্রি + - ২-৩-৪ ট্রি (ওরফ ২-৪ ট্রি) + - এন-আরি (কে-আরি, এম-আরি) ট্রি + - বি-ট্রি + - [কেডি ট্রি](#কেডি-ট্রি) + - [স্কিপ লিস্ট](#এড়িয়ে-যাওয়া-তালিকাগুলি) + - [নেটওয়ার্ক ফ্লো](#নেটওয়ার্ক-প্রবাহ) + - [বিচ্ছিন্ন সেট এবং ইউনিয়ন ফাইন্ড](#বিভেদ-সেট-ইউনিয়ন-অনুসন্ধান) + - [দ্রুত প্রক্রিয়াকরণের জন্য গণিত](#দ্রুত-প্রক্রিয়াজাতকরণের-জন্য-গণিত) + - [ট্রিপ](#ট্রাপ) + - [লিনিয়ার প্রোগ্রামিং](#লিনিয়ার-প্রোগ্রামিং-ভিডিও) + - [জ্যামিতি, উত্তল হাল](#জ্যামিতি-উত্তল-হাল-ভিডিও) + - [ডিসক্রিট ম্যাথ](#স্বতন্ত্র-গণিত) + - [মেশিন লার্নিং](#মেশিন-লার্নিং) +- [কয়েকটি বিষয়ে বিশদ বিবরণ](#কিছু-বিষয়ে-কিছু-অতিরিক্ত-বিশদ-বিবরণ) +- [ভিডিও সিরিজ](#ভিডিও-সিরিজ) +- [কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞান কোর্স](#কম্পিউটার-বিজ্ঞান-কোর্স) +- [কাগজপত্র](#কাগজপত্র) -
--- -## কেন এটি ব্যবহার করবেন? +## কেন এটি ব্যবহার করবেন + +আপনি যদি সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ার হিসেভে বড় কোম্পানি তে কাজ করতে চান তাহলে এই বিষয় গুলো আপনার জানা থাকা প্রয়োজন। + +আপনি যদি আমার মতো কম্পিউটার সাইন্স এর ডিগ্রি মা মিয়ে থাকেন তাহলে এটি আপনাকে কম্পিউটার সাইন্স এর চার বছরের কোর্স শিখতে সাহায্য করবে। + +আমি যখন এই প্রকল্পটি শুরু করেছি, তখন আমি একটি হিপ স্ট্যাক কিছুই জানতাম না, বিগ-ও জানতাম না, ট্রি সম্পর্কে কিছুই বা কীভাবে একটি গ্রাফ ট্রাভার্স করব কিছি জানতাম নাহ। যদি আমাকে কোনও সর্টিং অ্যালগরিদম কোড করতে বলা হতো, আমি তোমাকে বলতে পারি এটি খুব ভাল হত না। +আমি যে ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার ব্যবহার করেছি সেগুলি ভাষাতে বিল্ট ইন ছিল এবং তারা কীভাবে কাজ করেছিল তা আমি জানতাম না। আমি যে প্রোগ্রামটি চালাচ্ছিলাম তা যদি আমাকে "মেমোরি আউট অফ বাউন্ড" ইরোর না দেখাতো তাহলে আমি মেমরি ম্যানেজ করতাম নাহ। এবং এই ইরোর দিলে তখন আমি অন্য কোনো পথ বেছে নিতাম। আমি আমার জীবনে বহু বহুমাত্রিক অ্যারে ব্যবহার করেছি এবং সহস্রাধিক অ্যাসোসিয়েটিভ অ্যারে ব্যাবহার করেছি, তবে আমি স্ক্র্যাচ থেকে কখনও ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার তৈরি করি নি। -আপনি যদি একটি বড় কোম্পানির সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ার হিসেবে কাজ করতে চান, তাহলে এই বিষয়গুলো আপনাকে জানতে হবে। - -আপনি যদি কম্পিউটার সায়েন্সে ডিগ্রী পেতে মিস করেন, যেমন আমি করেছি, এটি আপনাকে ধরবে এবং আপনার জীবনের চার বছর বাঁচাবে। - -যখন আমি এই প্রকল্পটি শুরু করি, তখন আমি একটি স্তূপ থেকে একটি স্ট্যাক জানতাম না, বিগ-ও কিছুই জানতাম না, বা গাছ সম্পর্কে কিছু জানতাম না, বা কীভাবে -একটি গ্রাফ অতিক্রম. যদি আমাকে একটি সাজানোর অ্যালগরিদম কোড করতে হয়, আমি আপনাকে বলতে পারি এটি ভয়ানক হত। -আমার ব্যবহৃত প্রতিটি ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার ভাষাতে তৈরি করা হয়েছিল এবংআমাকে কখনই মেমরি ম্যানেজ করতে হয়নি যদি না আমি যে প্রক্রিয়াটি চালাচ্ছি তা একটি "আউট অফ মেমরি" ইরর দেয়, এবং তারপর আমাকে একটি সমাধান খুঁজে বের করতে হবে। আমি আমার জীবনে কয়েকটি বহুমাত্রিক অ্যারে ব্যবহার করেছি এবং -হাজার হাজার সহযোগী অ্যারে, কিন্তু আমি স্ক্র্যাচ থেকে ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার তৈরি করিনি। - -এটা একটা দীর্ঘ পরিকল্পনা। এটা আপনার মাস লাগতে পারে. আপনি যদি ইতিমধ্যে এটির অনেক কিছুর সাথে পরিচিত হন তবে এটি আপনার অনেক কম সময় লাগবে। +এটি একটি দীর্ঘ পরিকল্পনা। এটি আপনার কয়েক মাস সময় নিতে পারে। আপনি যদি ইতিমধ্যে এর অনেক বিষয়ের সাথে পরিচিত হন তবে আপনাকে অনেক কম সময় লাগবে। -## এটি কিভাবে ব্যবহার করতে +## এটি কীভাবে ব্যবহার করবেন -নীচের সমস্ত কিছুই একটি রূপরেখা এবং আপনার আইটেমগুলি উপরের থেকে নীচে পর্যন্ত অধ্যবসায় করা উচিত। +নীচের সমস্ত কিছুই একটি রূপরেখা এবং আপনার আইটেমগুলি উপরের থেকে নীচে পর্যন্ত অনুসরন করা উচিত। - -অগ্রগতি পরীক্ষা করার জন্য কার্য তালিকা সহ আমি গিটহাবের বিশেষ মার্কডাউন ব্যবহার করছি। - - [গিটহাব মার্কডাউন সম্পর্কে আরও](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) - -### যদি আপনি গিট ব্যবহার করতে না চান - -এই পৃষ্ঠায়, উপরের দিকের কোড বোতামে ক্লিক করুন, তারপর "Download ZIP" এ ক্লিক করুন। ফাইলটি আনজিপ করুন এবং আপনি পাঠ্য ফাইলগুলির সাথে কাজ করতে পারেন। - -আপনি যদি মার্কডাউন বোঝে এমন একটি কোড এডিটরে খোলা থাকেন, তাহলে আপনি সবকিছু সুন্দরভাবে ফরম্যাট করা দেখতে পাবেন। - -![কিভাবে একটি জিপ ফাইল হিসাবে রেপো ডাউনলোড করবেন](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/how-to-download-as-zip.png) - -### যদি আপনি গিট ব্যবহার করতে চান +আমি নিজের অগ্রগতি নোট করার জন্য আমি গিট-হাবের বিশেষ মার্কডাউন ফ্লেভার এর টাস্ক লিস্ট ব্যবহার করছি। -1. ***গিটহাব রেপো ফোর্ক করুনঃ*** `https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` by clicking on the Fork button. +**একটি নতুন ব্রাঞ্চ তৈরি করুন যাতে আপনি এভাবে আইটেমগুলিতে টিক চিহ্ন ব্যাবহার করতে পারেন, বন্ধনীগুলিতে কেবল একটি এক্স রাখুন: [x]** + + একটি ব্রাঞ্চ ফর্ক করুন এবং নীচের কমান্ডগুলি অনুসরণ করুন + +এই গিট-হাব রিপো টি ফর্ক করুন +https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university +ফর্ক বাটনে চাপ দিয়ে - ![গিটহাব রেপো ফোর্ক করুন](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/fork-button.png) +আপনার লোকাল রিপো তে ক্লোন করুন -1. আপনার লোকাল রেপোতে ক্লোন করুনঃ - - ``` git clone git@github.com:/coding-interview-university.git - cd coding-interview-university git checkout -b progress git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university git fetch --all - ``` -1. আপনি আপনার পরিবর্তনগুলি সম্পূর্ণ করার পরে X দিয়ে সমস্ত বাক্স চিহ্নিত করুনঃ - - ``` +আপনার পরিবর্তনগুলি শেষ করার পরে এক্স "X" চিহ্ন দিয়ে সমস্ত বাক্স চিহ্নিত করুন + git add . git commit -m "Marked x" git rebase jwasham/main git push --set-upstream origin progress git push --force - ``` + +[গিট-হাব-ফ্লেভার্ড মার্কডাউন সম্পর্কে আরও জানুন](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) -## মনে হয় না আপনি যথেষ্ট স্মার্ট নন +## আপনি কি নিজেকে যথেষ্ট স্মার্ট ভাবেন নাহ --সফল সফ্টওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়াররা স্মার্ট, তবে অনেকেরই এমন নিরাপত্তাহীনতা রয়েছে যে তারা যথেষ্ট স্মার্ট নয়। -- নিম্নলিখিত ভিডিওগুলি আপনাকে এই নিরাপত্তাহীনতা কাটিয়ে উঠতে সাহায্য করতে পারে: - - [জিনিয়াস প্রোগ্রামারটির রূপকথার কাহিনী](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) - - [একা যাওয়া বিপদজনক: টেকের মধ্যে অদৃশ্য মনস্টারদের লড়াই](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) +- সফল সফ্টওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়াররা স্মার্ট, তবে অনেকেরই এমন নিরাপত্তাহীনতা রয়েছে যে তারা যথেষ্ট স্মার্ট নয়। +- [জিনিয়াস প্রোগ্রামার নিয়ে মিথ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +- [একা যাওয়া বিপদজনক: টেকের মধ্যে অদৃশ্য মনস্টার লড়াই করা](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) +- [বিশ্বাস আপনি পরিবর্তন করতে পারেন](http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/dweck) +- [ভাবেন আপনি গুগলে কাজ করার মতো স্মার্ট নন? ঠিক আছে, আবার চিন্তা করুন](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPOJ1PR50ag) -## ভিডিও সংস্থান সম্পর্কে +## ভিডিও রিসোর্স সম্পর্কে কিছু কথা -কিছু ভিডিও শুধুমাত্র একটি Coursera বা EdX ক্লাসে ভর্তির মাধ্যমে পাওয়া যায়। এগুলোকে MOOC বলা হয়। -কখনও কখনও ক্লাস সেশনে থাকে না তাই আপনাকে কয়েক মাস অপেক্ষা করতে হবে, তাই আপনার অ্যাক্সেস নেই। +কিছু ভিডিও কেবল কোর্সেরা (Coursera) বা এডএক্স (EdX) ক্লাসে ভর্তি হয়ে পাওয়া যায়। এগুলিকে এমওওসি বলা হয়। +কখনও কখনও ক্লাসগুলি সেশনে হয় না তাই আপনাকে কয়েক মাস অপেক্ষা করতে হবে, যাতে আপনার অ্যাক্সেস নেই। + +অনলাইন কোর্স এর পরিবর্তে ফ্রি এবং সর্বদা পাওয়া যায় এমন পাব্লিক রিসোর্স যেমন ইউটিউব ভিডিও (আমি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের বক্তৃতা ব্যবহার করতে পছন্দ করি।) ব্যাভয়ার করা ভালো হবে। যেন আপনারা যেকোনো সময় যেকোনো বিষয়ে পড়তে পারেন কোনো বিশেষ সময় কোনো কোর্স এর জন্য অপেক্ষা করতে নাহ হয়। + +## একটি প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা বেছে নিন -বিনামূল্যে এবং সর্বদা উপলব্ধ পাবলিক সোর্স দিয়ে অনলাইন কোর্সের সংস্থানগুলি প্রতিস্থাপন করা দুর্দান্ত হবে, -যেমন ইউটিউব ভিডিও (বিশেষত ইউনিভার্সিটির বক্তৃতা), যাতে আপনি যেকোন সময় এগুলি অধ্যয়ন করতে পারেন, -শুধুমাত্র যখন একটি নির্দিষ্ট অনলাইন কোর্স সেশনে থাকে তখন নয়। +আপনি যে কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কারগুলি করবেন তার জন্য আপনাকে একটি প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা পছন্দ করতে হবে, তবে আপনাকে এমন একটি ভাষাও খুঁজে বের করতে হবে যা আপনি কম্পিউটার সাইন্সের ধারণাগুলি অধ্যয়ন করতে ব্যবহার করতে পারবেন। -## একটি প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা চয়ন করুন +ভালো হয় যদি এই দুইটি কাজে একই ভাষা ব্যাবহার করেন তাহলে আপনাকে একটি ভাষাতেই দক্ষ হতে হবে। -কোডিং ইন্টারভিউয়ের জন্য আপনাকে একটি প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা বেছে নিতে হবে, -তবে আপনাকে এমন একটি ভাষা খুঁজে বের করতে হবে যা আপনি কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানের ধারণাগুলি অধ্যয়ন করতে ব্যবহার করতে পারেন। +### এই শিক্ষা পরিকল্পনার জন্য -পছন্দের ভাষা একই হবে, যাতে আপনাকে শুধুমাত্র একটিতে দক্ষ হতে হবে। +আমি যখন এই শিক্ষা পরিকল্পনা অনুসরন করেছিলাম তখন আমি সি ও পাইথন এই দুইটি ব্যাবহার করেছিলাম। -### এই স্টাডি প্ল্যানের জন্য +- সি: এটি খুব ই লো লেভেল ল্যাংগুয়েজ। এটি আপনাকে পয়েন্টার এবং মেমরি অ্যালোকেশন / ডি-অ্যালোকেশন নিয়ে কাজ করতে দিবে। যার মাধ্যমে আপনি ভালো ভাবে অ্যালগোরিদম ও ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার শিখতে পারবেন। পাইথন ও জাভা হলো হাই লেভেল ল্যাংগুয়েজ এই ল্যাংগুয়েজ গুলোতে আপনার থেকে এই বিষয় গুলো লুকানো থাকে। দৈনিক কাজের ক্ষেত্রে যাহ খুব ই সুবিধা জনক কিন্ত শেখার ক্ষেত্রে যখন আপনি লো লেভেল ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার কিভাবে বানানো হয় শিখছেন তখন যতো লো লেভেল অর্থাৎ হার্ডওয়্যার এর কাছাকাছি এক্সহেখাই ভালো। + - সি এর ব্যাবহার সর্বত্র। এর উদারন আপনি বই, ভিডিও, লেকচার, যেখানেই পড়বেন সেখানেই দেখতে পাবেন। + - [দি সি প্রোগ্রামিং ল্যাংগুয়েজ, ভলিউম ২](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - এটি একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত বই, তবে এটি আপনাকে সি ভাষার উপর একটি দুর্দান্ত দক্ষতা দেবে এবং আপনি যদি এটি একটু অনুশীলন করেন তবে আপনি দ্রুত দক্ষ হয়ে উঠবেন। সি বুঝতে পারলে আপনি প্রোগ্রাম এবং মেমরি কিভাবে কাজ করে তা বুঝতে পারবেন। + - আপনাকে বইটির গভীরে যেতে হবে না (বা এমনকি এটি শেষ করতে হবে না)। শুধু যেটুকু পড়লে আপনি সি-তে পড়তে এবং লিখতে স্বাচ্ছন্দ্য বোধ করেন সেটুকু পড়ুন। + - [বইটির প্রশ্নের উত্তর](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) +- পাইথন: আধুনিক এবং খুব অভিব্যক্তিপূর্ণ, আমি এটি শিখেছি কারণ এটি খুব দরকারী এবং আমাকে একটি সাক্ষাত্কারে কম কোড লিখতে সাহায্য করে। -যখন আমি অধ্যয়নের পরিকল্পনাটি করেছি, তখন আমি এর বেশিরভাগের জন্য 2টি ভাষা ব্যবহার করেছি: সি এবং পাইথন +এগুলো আমার পছন্দ। কিন্ত আপনার পছন্দ অনুযায়ী আপনি শিখবেন। -* সি: খুব নিম্ন স্তরের। আপনাকে পয়েন্টার এবং মেমরি বরাদ্দ/বরাদ্দকরণের সাথে মোকাবিলা করার অনুমতি দেয়, যাতে আপনি ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং অ্যালগরিদম খুব দৃঢ়ভাবে বুঝতে পারেন। পাইথন বা জাভার মতো উচ্চ স্তরের ভাষাগুলিতে, এগুলি আপনার কাছ থেকে লুকানো থাকে। প্রতিদিনের কাজে, এটি দুর্দান্ত, - কিন্তু যখন আপনি এই নিম্ন-স্তরের ডেটা স্ট্রাকচারগুলি কীভাবে তৈরি করা হয় তা শিখছেন, তখন ধাতুর কাছাকাছি অনুভব করা দুর্দান্ত। - - সি সর্বত্র। আপনি যখন অধ্যয়ন করছেন তখন আপনি বই, বক্তৃতা, ভিডিও, *সব জায়গায়* উদাহরণ দেখতে পাবেন। - - [The C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) - - এটি একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত বই, তবে এটি আপনাকে সি ভাষার উপর একটি দুর্দান্ত হ্যান্ডেল দেবে এবং আপনি যদি এটি একটু অনুশীলন করেন - আপনি দ্রুত দক্ষ হয়ে উঠবেন। C বোঝা আপনাকে প্রোগ্রাম এবং মেমরি কিভাবে কাজ করে তা বুঝতে সাহায্য করে। - - আপনাকে বইটির গভীরে যেতে হবে না (বা এমনকি এটি শেষ করতে হবে)। যেখানে আপনি সি-তে পড়তে এবং লিখতে স্বাচ্ছন্দ্যবোধ করেন সেখানে যান। - - [বইয়ের প্রশ্নের উত্তর](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) -* পাইথন: আধুনিক এবং খুব অভিব্যক্তিপূর্ণ, আমি এটি শিখেছি কারণ এটি খুব দরকারী এবং আমাকে একটি সাক্ষাত্কারে কম কোড লেখার অনুমতি দেয়। - -এই আমার পছন্দ। আপনি অবশ্যই যা পছন্দ করেন তাই করেন। - -আপনার এটির প্রয়োজন নাও হতে পারে, তবে একটি নতুন ভাষা শেখার জন্য এখানে কিছু সাইট রয়েছে: +আপানার হয়তো লাগবে নাহ কিন্ত এখানে নতুন কিছু ল্যাংগুয়েজ শেখার কিছু ওয়েবসাইট দেওয়া হলো: - [Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks) - [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) -- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/for-developers/) -- [Scaler Topics (Java, C++)](https://www.scaler.com/topics/) - -### আপনার কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য - -সাক্ষাত্কারের কোডিং অংশটি করতে আপনি স্বাচ্ছন্দ্যযুক্ত একটি ভাষা ব্যবহার করতে পারেন তবে বড় কোম্পানি গুলির জন্য এগুলি কঠোর পছন্দ: - -- সি ++ +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) +- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) +- [Codeforces](https://codeforces.com/) + +### আপনার কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কার এর জন্য + +সাক্ষাত্কারের কোডিং অংশটি করতে আপনি যে ভাষাতে স্বাচ্ছন্দ্য বোধ করেন তা ব্যবহার করতে পারেন, তবে বড় কোম্পানিগুলির জন্য, এইগুলি ভালো পছন্দ: +- সি++ - জাভা - পাইথন - -আপনি এগুলি ব্যবহার করতে পারেন তবে প্রথমে পড়তে পারেন। সতর্কতা থাকতে পারে: - -- জাভাস্ক্রিপ্ট + +আপনি এগুলি ও ব্যাবহার করতে পারেন তবে আগে থেকে জেনে নিবেন কারন নানা রকম সমস্যায় ভুগতে পারেন: +- জাভা স্ক্রিপ্ট - রুবি - -এখানে একটি নিবন্ধটি আমি সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য একটি ভাষা বেছে নেওয়ার বিষয়ে লিখেছি: -[কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য একটি ভাষা বেছে নিন](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/) -এই মূল নিবন্ধটি আমার পোস্টের উপর ভিত্তি করে ছিল: [সাক্ষাৎকারের জন্য একটি প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা নির্বাচন করা](https://web.archive.org/web/20210516054124/http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/) - -আপনার ভাষায় খুব স্বাচ্ছন্দ্য বোধ করা এবং বুদ্ধিমান হওয়া দরকার। - -পছন্দ সম্পর্কে আরও পড়ুন: -- [আপনার কোডিং সাক্ষাৎকারের জন্য সঠিক ভাষা নির্বাচন করুন](http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/) -[ভাষা ভিত্তিক উৎসগুলো দেখুন](programming-language-resources.md) - -## ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং অ্যালগরিদমের জন্য বই +এখানে আমার লেখা একটি আর্টিকেল আছে যেখানে সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য ল্যাংগুয়েজ নিয়ে আমি বলেছি। +[Pick One Language for the Coding Interview](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/) +এই আর্টিকেল এর উপর ভিত্তি করী আমি আমার আর্টিকেলটি লিখেছিলাম: http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ -এই বইটি কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানের জন্য আপনার ভিত্তি তৈরি করবে। +আপনাকে ওই ল্যাংগুয়েজ এ খুব ই দক্ষ ও সাচ্ছন্দবোধ করতে হবে। -শুধু একটি বেছে নিন, এমন একটি ভাষায় যা আপনি স্বাচ্ছন্দ্য বোধ করবেন। আপনাকে অনেক পড়াশুনা এবং কোডিং করতে হবে। +ভাষা পছন্দ সম্পর্কে আরো জানুন: + +- [আপনার কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য সঠিক ল্যাংগুয়েজ সম্পর্কে জানুন](http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/) + +[ভাষা অনুসারে রিসোর্স এখানে পাবেন](programming-language-resources.md) + +## ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং এ্যালগোরিদম এর বইসমুহ + +এই বইটি কম্পিউটার সাইন্সের জন্য আপনার ভিত্তি তৈরি করবে। + +আপনি স্বাচ্ছন্দ্য বোধ করবেন শুধুমাত্র এমন একটি ভাষা বেছে নিন। আপনি অনেক পড়তে এবং কোডিং করতে হবে। ### সি - - [Algorithms in C, Parts 1-5 (Bundle), 3rd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-5-Bundle-Fundamentals/dp/0201756080) - - Fundamentals, Data Structures, Sorting, Searching, and Graph Algorithms + - বেসিক, ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার, সোর্টিং, সার্চিং, গ্রাফ এবং অ্যালগোরিদম ### পাইথন - [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) - - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - I loved this book. It covered everything and more. + - লেখক Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - আমি এই বইটি খুব পছন্দ করেছি। আমি এটার সব পড়েছি - Pythonic code - - my glowing book report: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ + - এই বই এর উপর লেখা আমার বুক রিপোর্ট: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ ### জাভা @@ -379,7 +345,7 @@ - [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) - Sedgewick and Wayne: - [Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) - - Free Coursera course that covers the book (taught by the authors!): + - ফ্রি কোর্সেরা (Coursera) কোর্স যা এই বইতে পড়ানো হয় তা নিয়ে (বই এর লেখকেরা শেখান!): - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -392,110 +358,227 @@ - Sedgewick and Wayne - [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) - [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) + + + +## ইন্টারভিউ এর প্রস্তুতি এর বইসমুহ + +আপনি এতগুলো কিনতে হবে না। সত্যি বলতে "ক্রাকিং দ্য কোডিং ইন্টারভিউ" সম্ভবত যথেষ্ট, তবে আমি নিজে আরও অনুশীলন এর জন্য আরও কিছু কিনেছি। কিন্তু আমি সবসময় খুব বেশি করি। + +আমি এই দুটি কিনেছিলাম। এগুলো থেকে আমার প্রচুর প্রাক্টিস হয়েছে + +- [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) + - সি ++ এবং জাভাতে উত্তর + - কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কার ক্র্যাক করার জন্য এটি একটি ভাল প্রস্তুতি + - খুব বেশি কঠিন নয়, বেশিরভাগ সমস্যাগুলি আপনি একটি সাক্ষাত্কারে যা দেখবেন তার চেয়ে সহজ হতে পারে (আমি যা পড়েছি তা থেকে) +- [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - জাভাতে উত্তর -## সাক্ষাত্কার প্রস্তুতি বই - -আপনি এই একটি গুচ্ছ কিনতে হবে না. সত্যি বলতে "Cracking the Coding Interview" সম্ভবত যথেষ্ট, -কিন্তু আমি নিজেকে আরো অনুশীলন দিতে আরো কেনা. কিন্তু আমি সবসময় খুব বেশি করি। - -আমি এই দুটি কিনলাম। তারা আমাকে প্রচুর অনুশীলন দিয়েছে। - -- [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) - - উত্তরগুলো সি++ আর জাভাতে - - কোডিং ইন্টারভিউ ক্র্যাক করার জন্য এটি একটি ভাল ওয়ার্ম-আপ - - খুব কঠিন না। আপনি একটি সাক্ষাত্কারে যা দেখতে পাবেন তার চেয়ে বেশিরভাগ সমস্যা সহজ হতে পারে (আমি যা পড়েছি তা থেকে) -- [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - উত্তরগুলো জাভাতে - -### আপনার যদি অতিরিক্ত সময় থাকে: +### আপনার যদি অতিরিক্ত পরিমাণে সময় থাকে তবে একটি পছন্দ করুন: - -- [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) -- [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) -- [Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) - - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) -## আমার মত ভুল করবেন না - -এই তালিকাটি অনেক মাস ধরে বেড়েছে, এবং হ্যাঁ, এটি হাতের বাইরে চলে গেছে। - -এখানে আমি কিছু ভুল করেছি যাতে আপনার আরও ভালো অভিজ্ঞতা হয়। এবং আপনি কয়েক মাস সময় বাঁচাবেন। +- [প্রোগ্রামিং সাক্ষাত্কারের উপাদানগুলি (সি ++ সংস্করণ)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [প্রোগ্রামিং সাক্ষাত্কারের উপাদানগুলি (পাইথন সংস্করণ)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [প্রোগ্রামিং সাক্ষাত্কারের উপাদানসমূহ (জাভা সংস্করণ)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/)- [সহায়ক প্রোজেক্ট-বইয়ের প্রতিটি সমস্যার জন্য মেথড স্টাব এবং টেস্ট কেস](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) -### 1. আপনি সব মনে রাখবেন না - -আমি ঘন্টার পর ঘন্টা ভিডিও দেখেছি এবং প্রচুর নোট নিয়েছি, এবং কয়েক মাস পরেও অনেক কিছু মনে ছিল না। আমার ৩ দিন লেগেছে আমার নোট এবং ফ্ল্যাশকার্ড তৈরি করতে, যাতে আমি পর্যালোচনা করতে পারি। আমার সেই সমস্ত জ্ঞানের প্রয়োজন ছিল না। - -অনুগ্রহ করে পড়ুন যাতে আপনি আমার ভুল করবেন না: - -[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/). +## আমার ভুল গুলো করবেন নাহ + +এই তালিকাটি কয়েক মাস ধরে বেড়েছে, এবং হ্যাঁ, এটি একধরণের হাতছাড়া হয়ে যায়। + +এখানে আমি কিছু ভুল করেছি যাতে আপনার আরও ভাল অভিজ্ঞতা হয়। এবং আপান্র অনেক সময় ও বাঁচবে। + +### 1. আপনি সব মনে রাখতে পারবেন না + +আমি কয়েক ঘন্টা ভিডিও দেখেছি এবং প্রচুর নোট নিয়েছি এবং কয়েক মাস পরে এমন অনেক কিছুই ছিল যা আমি মনে রাখতে পারিনি। আমি যেতে ৩ দিন কাটিয়েছি আমার নোটগুলি এবং ফ্ল্যাশকার্ডগুলি তৈরি করে যাতে আমি পর্যালোচনা করতে পারি। কিন্ত আমার এগুলোর দরকার ছিলো নাহ। + +দয়া করে পড়ুন যাতে আপনি আমার ভুল না করেন: + +[কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞান এর জ্ঞান মনে রাখা](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) ### 2. ফ্ল্যাশকার্ড ব্যবহার করুন - -সমস্যা সমাধানের জন্য, আমি একটি ছোট ফ্ল্যাশকার্ড সাইট তৈরি করেছি যেখানে আমি 2 ধরনের ফ্ল্যাশকার্ড যোগ করতে পারি: সাধারণ এবং কোড। -প্রতিটি কার্ড আলাদা ফরম্যাটিং আছে। আমি একটি মোবাইল-প্রথম ওয়েবসাইট তৈরি করেছি, যাতে আমি যেখানেই থাকি না কেন আমার ফোন বা ট্যাবলেটে পর্যালোচনা করতে পারি৷ - -বিনামূল্যে আপনার নিজের তৈরি করুন: - -- [ফ্ল্যাশকার্ড সাইট রেপো](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) - -**আমি আমার ফ্ল্যাশকার্ডগুলি ব্যবহার করার পরামর্শ দিই না।** অনেকগুলি আছে এবং তাদের বেশিরভাগই তুচ্ছ বিষয় যা আপনার প্রয়োজন নেই। - -কিন্তু আপনি যদি আমার কথা শুনতে না চান তবে এখানে যান: -- [My flash cards database (1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): -- [My flash cards database (extreme - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): - -মনে রাখবেন আমি ওভারবোর্ডে গিয়েছিলাম এবং অ্যাসেম্বলি ভাষা এবং পাইথন ট্রিভিয়া থেকে মেশিন লার্নিং এবং পরিসংখ্যান পর্যন্ত সমস্ত কিছু কভার করে কার্ড আছে। -যা প্রয়োজন তার জন্য এটি অনেক বেশি। - -**ফ্ল্যাশকার্ডে দ্রষ্টব্য:** প্রথমবার যখন আপনি চিনবেন আপনি উত্তরটি জানেন, তখন এটি পরিচিত হিসাবে চিহ্নিত করবেন না। আপনি দেখতে হবে -একই কার্ড এবং আপনি সত্যিই এটি জানার আগে এটি সঠিকভাবে কয়েকবার উত্তর দিন। পুনরাবৃত্তি সেই জ্ঞানকে আরও গভীরে নিয়ে যাবে -আপনার মস্তিষ্ক। - -আমার ফ্ল্যাশকার্ড সাইটটি ব্যবহার করার একটি বিকল্প হল [আনকি](http://ankisrs.net/), যা আমাকে বহুবার সুপারিশ করা হয়েছে। -এটি আপনাকে মনে রাখতে সাহায্য করার জন্য একটি পুনরাবৃত্তি সিস্টেম ব্যবহার করে। এটি ব্যবহারকারী-বান্ধব, সমস্ত প্ল্যাটফর্মে উপলব্ধ এবং একটি ক্লাউড সিঙ্ক সিস্টেম রয়েছে৷ -iOS-এ এটির দাম $25 কিন্তু অন্যান্য প্ল্যাটফর্মে বিনামূল্যে। - -আনকি ফরম্যাটে আমার ফ্ল্যাশকার্ড ডাটাবেজ: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)). - -কিছু ছাত্র ফাকা স্থানের সাথে বিন্যাস সংক্রান্ত সমস্যাগুলি উল্লেখ করেছে যা নিম্নলিখিতগুলি করে ঠিক করা যেতে পারে: ডেক খুলুন, কার্ড সম্পাদনা করুন, কার্ডগুলিতে ক্লিক করুন, "স্টাইলিং" রেডিও বোতাম নির্বাচন করুন, সদস্য যোগ করুন "হোয়াইট-স্পেস: প্রি;" কার্ড ক্লাসে। -### 3. আপনি শেখার সময় কোডিং ইন্টারভিউ প্রশ্ন করুন +সমস্যা সমাধানের জন্য, আমি একটি সামান্য ফ্ল্যাশকার্ডস সাইট তৈরি করেছি যেখানে আমি ২ ধরণের ফ্ল্যাশকার্ড যুক্ত করতে পারি: সাধারণ এবং কোড। +প্রতিটি কার্ডের আলাদা বিন্যাস রয়েছে। + +আমি একটি মোবাইল প্রথম ওয়েবসাইট তৈরি করেছি যাতে আমি যেখানেই থাকি না কেন আমার ফোন এবং ট্যাবলেটে পর্যালোচনা করতে পারি। + +বিনামূল্যে নিজের তৈরি করুন: + +- [ফ্ল্যাশকার্ডস সাইটের রিপো](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -এই অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ. +**আমি আমার ফ্ল্যাশকার্ডগুলি ব্যবহার করার পরামর্শ দিই না।** অনেকগুলি আছে এবং তাদের মধ্যে অনেকগুলি তুচ্ছ বিষয় যা আপনার প্রয়োজন নেই. -আপনি ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং অ্যালগরিদম শেখার সময় কোডিং ইন্টারভিউ প্রশ্ন করা শুরু করুন। - -সমস্যা সমাধানের জন্য আপনি যা শিখছেন তা প্রয়োগ করতে হবে, নতুবা ভুলে যাবেন। আমি এই ভুল করেছি। - -একবার আপনি একটি বিষয় শিখে গেলে, এবং এটির সাথে কিছুটা স্বাচ্ছন্দ্য বোধ করেন, উদাহরণস্বরূপ, **লিঙ্ক করা তালিকা**: -১. [coding interview books](#interview-prep-books) (বা কোডিং সমস্যা ওয়েবসাইট, নীচে তালিকাভুক্ত) একটি খুলুন -২. লিঙ্ক করা তালিকা সম্পর্কিত ২ বা ৩ প্রশ্ন করুন। -৩. পরবর্তী শেখার বিষয়ে যান। -৪. পরে, ফিরে যান এবং আরও ২ বা ৩ লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকা সমস্যাগুলি করুন৷ -৫. আপনি শেখা প্রতিটি নতুন বিষয়ের সাথে এটি করুন। - -**আপনি এই সমস্ত জিনিস শেখার সময় সমস্যা করতে থাকুন, পরে নয়।** - -আপনাকে জ্ঞানের জন্য নিয়োগ করা হচ্ছে না, তবে আপনি কীভাবে জ্ঞান প্রয়োগ করবেন। - -এই জন্য অনেক সম্পদ আছে, নীচে তালিকাভুক্ত। সামনে আগাতে থাকুন। +তবু যদি আপনি আপনি আমার কথা শুনতে নাহ চান। এখানে ফ্ল্যাশ কার্ড গুলি পাবেন: +- [আমার ফ্ল্যাশ কার্ডের ডাটাবেস (পুরাতন-1200 কার্ড)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [আমার ফ্ল্যাশ কার্ডের ডাটাবেস (নতুন-1800 কার্ড)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): + +মনে রাখবেন আমি ওভারবোর্ডে গিয়েছিলাম এবং সমাবেশগুলির ভাষা এবং পাইথন ট্রিভিয়া থেকে শুরু করে মেশিন লার্নিং এবং পরিসংখ্যানের সমস্ত কিছুর জন্য কার্ড রয়েছে। যা প্রয়োজন তার জন্য এটি অনেক বেশি। + +**ফ্ল্যাশকার্ডগুলিতে দ্রষ্টব্য:** আপনি যখন প্রথমবার উত্তরটি জানেন তখন তা চিহ্নিত হিসাবে চিহ্নিত করবেন না। আপনাকে দেখতে হবে +একই কার্ড এবং এটি জেনে রাখার আগে বেশ কয়েকবার সঠিক উত্তর দিন। পুনরাবৃত্তি সেই জ্ঞানকে আরও গভীর করে দেবে +আপনার মস্তিষ্ক. + +আমার ফ্ল্যাশকার্ড সাইটটি ব্যবহার করার বিকল্প হ'ল [আনকি](http://ankisrs.net/), যা আমার কাছে বহুবার প্রস্তাবিত হয়েছিল। এটি আপনাকে মনে রাখতে সহায়তা করার জন্য একটি পুনরাবৃত্তি সিস্টেম ব্যবহার করে। +এটি ব্যবহারকারী-বান্ধব, সমস্ত প্ল্যাটফর্মে উপলব্ধ এবং একটি ক্লাউড সিঙ্ক সিস্টেম রয়েছে। আইওএসে এটির দাম 25 ডলার তবে অন্যান্য প্ল্যাটফর্মগুলিতে বিনামূল্যে। + +আনকি ফর্ম্যাটে আমার ফ্ল্যাশকার্ড ডাটাবেস: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (ধন্যবাদ [@ এক্সভিউনিয়া](https://github.com/xiewenya)) + +### 3. পর্যালোচনা, পর্যালোচনা, পর্যালোচনা + +আমি ASCII, ওএসআই স্ট্যাক, বিগ-ও স্বরলিপিগুলি এবং আরও অনেক কিছুতে চিট শীটের একটি সেট রাখি। আমার কিছুটা বাজে সময় পেলে আমি সেগুলি অধ্যয়ন করি। + +আধা ঘন্টার জন্য প্রোগ্রামিং সমস্যা থেকে বিরতি নিন এবং আপনার ফ্ল্যাশকার্ডগুলি দিয়ে যান। ### 4. ফোকাস করুন -মূল্যবান সময় নিতে পারে যে বিভ্রান্তি অনেক আছে. ফোকাস এবং একাগ্রতা কঠিন। কিছু সঙ্গীত চালু করুন -গান ছাড়া এবং আপনি বেশ ভাল ফোকাস করতে সক্ষম হবেন। +অনেকগুলি বিভ্রান্তি রয়েছে যা মূল্যবান সময় নিতে পারে। ফোকাস এবং ঘনত্ব শক্ত। + + + +- [এ বি সি: সর্বদা কোডিং থাকুন](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) +- [হোয়াইটবোর্ডিং](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) +- [প্রোগ্রামিং সাক্ষাত্কারের সময় কার্যকর হোয়াইটবোর্ডিং](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/Effective-Witeboarding-during-programming-interviews/) +- [টেক রিক্রুটিং কে ক্ষমা করা](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কারটি ক্র্যাক করা 1: +- [গেইল এল ম্যাকডোয়েল-কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কারের ক্র্যাকিং (ভিডিও)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [লেখক গেইল লাকম্যান ম্যাকডোভেল (ভিডিও) এর সাথে কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কার ক্র্যাক করা](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- বিগ 4 এ কীভাবে চাকরী পাবেন? + - [বিগ 4 এ কীভাবে চাকরী পাবেন-অ্যামাজন, ফেসবুক, গুগল এবং মাইক্রোসফ্ট (ভিডিও)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) + +- প্রস্তুতি কোর্স: + - [সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ার সাক্ষাত্কার প্রকাশিত (বেতনভুক্ত কোর্স)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): + -একজন প্রাক্তন গুগল সাক্ষাত্কারকারীর থেকে কীভাবে নিজেকে সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ার সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য প্রস্তুত করবেন তা শিখুন। + - [ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার, অ্যালগরিদম এবং সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য পাইথন! (প্রদত্ত কোর্স)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + -পাইথন কেন্দ্রিক সাক্ষাত্কার প্রস্তুতির কোর্সে ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার, অ্যালগরিদম, মক সাক্ষাত্কার এবং আরও অনেক কিছু রয়েছে। + - [পাইথন ব্যবহার করে ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং অ্যালগরিদমগুলিতে ইন্ট্রো! (উদাসীনতা মুক্ত কোর্স)](https://www.udacity.com/cورس/data-structures-এবং-algorithms-in-python--ud513): + -একটি ফ্রি পাইথন কেন্দ্রিক ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং অ্যালগরিদম কোর্স। + - [ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং অ্যালগোরিদম ন্যানোডগ্রি! (উদাস্তিটি ন্যানোডগ্রি প্রদান করেছে)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-এবং-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): + -100 টিরও বেশি ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং অ্যালগরিদম অনুশীলন এবং আপনাকে একটি সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য এবং কাজের সুযোগে দৃশ্যের জন্য আপনাকে প্রস্তুত করতে ডেডিকেটেড পরামর্শদাতার দিকনির্দেশ দিয়ে অনুশীলন পান। + +### সাক্ষাত্কার প্রস্তুতি + + +## বইএর তালিকা + +আমি যা ব্যবহার করেছি তার চেয়ে এটি একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত তালিকা। এটি আপনার সময় বাঁচাতে সংক্ষেপে বর্ণিত। + + +### কম্পিউটার আর্কিটেকচার + +- [গ্রেট কোড লিখুন: খণ্ড ১: মেশিনটি বোঝা] (https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Unders સમજ-ম্যাচাইন / ডিপি / 1593270038) + -বইটি 2004 সালে প্রকাশিত হয়েছিল এবং এটি কিছুটা পুরানো হলেও সংক্ষেপে কম্পিউটার বোঝার জন্য এটি এক ভয়ঙ্কর উত্স। + -লেখক আবিষ্কার করেছেন [এইচএলএ] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/High_Level_As आशीर्वाद), তাই লবণের দানা দিয়ে এইচএলএ-তে উল্লেখ এবং উদাহরণ নিন। বিস্তৃতভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয় না, তবে সমাবেশটি কেমন লাগে তার শালীন উদাহরণ। + -এই অধ্যায়গুলি আপনাকে একটি সুন্দর ভিত্তি দেওয়ার জন্য মূল্যবান: +
+ ...... + + -দ্বিতীয় অধ্যায়-সংখ্যা উপস্থাপনা + -অধ্যায় 3-বাইনারি গাণিতিক এবং বিট অপারেশন + -অধ্যায় 4-ভাসমান-পয়েন্ট প্রতিনিধিত্ব + -অধ্যায় 5-চরিত্র উপস্থাপনা + -অধ্যায় 6-মেমরি সংস্থা এবং অ্যাক্সেস + -অধ্যায় 7-সম্মিলিত ডেটা টাইপ এবং মেমরি অবজেক্টস + -অধ্যায় 9-সিপিইউ আর্কিটেকচার + -অধ্যায় 10-নির্দেশ সেট আর্কিটেকচার + -অধ্যায় 11-মেমরি আর্কিটেকচার এবং সংস্থা + +
+ + + + + + ## আপনি কি কভার দেখতে পাবেন না এগুলি প্রচলিত প্রযুক্তি তবে এই অধ্যয়ন পরিকল্পনার অংশ নয়: --জাভাস্ক্রিপ্ট --এইচটিএমএল, সিএসএস এবং অন্যান্য ফ্রন্ট-এন্ড প্রযুক্তি --এসকিউএল +- এসকিউএল +- জাভাস্ক্রিপ্ট +- এইচটিএমএল, সিএসএস এবং অন্যান্য ফ্রন্ট-এন্ড প্রযুক্তি ## দৈনিক পরিকল্পনা +কিছু বিষয় একদিন নেয়, এবং কিছুতে একাধিক দিন সময় লাগবে। কিছু বাস্তবায়নের কিছুই না দিয়ে কেবল শিখছে। + +প্রতিদিন আমি নীচের তালিকা থেকে একটি বিষয় নিয়ে যাই, সেই বিষয় সম্পর্কে ভিডিও দেখি এবং একটি বাস্তবায়ন এখানে লিখি: +- সি-স্ট্রাকস এবং ফাংশনগুলি ব্যবহার করে যা স্ট্রাক * এবং আরজ হিসাবে অন্য কোনও কিছু নেয়। +- সি ++-অন্তর্নির্মিত প্রকারগুলি ব্যবহার না করে +- সি ++-অন্তর্নির্মিত প্রকারগুলি যেমন STL এর std :: লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকার জন্য তালিকা ব্যবহার করে +- পাইথন-অন্তর্নির্মিত প্রকারগুলি (পাইথনের অনুশীলন চালিয়ে যেতে) ব্যবহার করে +- এবং আমি এটি সঠিকভাবে করছি তা নিশ্চিত করার জন্য পরীক্ষাগুলি লিখুন, কখনও কখনও কেবল সাধারণ দাবী () বিবৃতি ব্যবহার করে +- আপনি জাভা বা অন্য কিছু করতে পারেন, এটি কেবল আমার জিনিস। + +আপনার এসবের দরকার নেই। আপনার কেবলমাত্র [সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য একটি ভাষা] প্রয়োজন (#সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য এক-ভাষা বেছে নিন)। + +এই সবগুলিতে কোড কেন? +-অনুশীলন করুন, অনুশীলন করুন, অনুশীলন করুন, যতক্ষণ না আমি এতে অসুস্থ না হয়ে থাকি এবং কোনও সমস্যা ছাড়াই এটি করতে পারি (কারও কারও কাছে অনেক প্রান্তের কেস এবং স্মরণে রাখার জন্য বইয়ের বিবরণ রয়েছে) +-কাঁচা সীমাবদ্ধতার মধ্যে কাজ করুন (আবর্জনা সংগ্রহের সহায়তা ছাড়াই মেমরি বরাদ্দ / মুক্তকরণ (পাইথন বা জাভা বাদে)) +-অন্তর্নির্মিত ধরণের ব্যবহার করুন যাতে বাস্তব-বিশ্বের ব্যবহারের জন্য অন্তর্নির্মিত সরঞ্জামগুলি ব্যবহার করার অভিজ্ঞতা আমার রয়েছে (উত্পাদনে আমার নিজের লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকার প্রয়োগটি লিখতে যাবেন না) + +আমার প্রতিটি বিষয়ের জন্য এগুলি করার জন্য সময় নাও থাকতে পারে তবে আমি চেষ্টা করব। + +আপনি আমার কোডটি এখানে দেখতে পারেন: +-[সি] (https://github.com/jwasham/pੈਕਟ-c) +-[সি ++] (https://github.com/jwasham/pੈਕਟ-cpp) +-[পাইথন] (https://github.com/jwasham/pੈਕਟ-python) + +আপনার প্রতিটি অ্যালগরিদমের সাহস মুখস্থ করার দরকার নেই। + +হোয়াইটবোর্ড বা কাগজে কোড লিখুন, কম্পিউটার নয়। কিছু নমুনা ইনপুট দিয়ে পরীক্ষা করুন। তারপরে এটি কম্পিউটারে পরীক্ষা করে দেখুন। + +## পূর্বশর্ত জ্ঞান + +
+<সংশ্লেষ> পূর্বশর্ত জ্ঞান << সংক্ষিপ্ত> + +- ** সি ** শিখুন + -সি সর্বত্র আছে। আপনি অধ্যয়নরত অবস্থায় আপনি বই, বক্তৃতা, ভিডিও, * সর্বত্র * এর উদাহরণ দেখতে পাবেন। + - [সি প্রোগ্রামিং ল্যাঙ্গুয়েজ, খণ্ড ২] (https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-ব্রায়ান-ডব্লিউ-কর্নিগান/dp/0131103628) + -এটি একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত বই, তবে এটি আপনাকে সি ভাষায় দুর্দান্ত হ্যান্ডেল দেবে এবং যদি আপনি এটি কিছুটা অনুশীলন করেন + আপনি দ্রুত দক্ষ হয়ে উঠবেন। সি বোঝা আপনাকে প্রোগ্রাম এবং মেমরি কীভাবে কাজ করে তা বুঝতে সহায়তা করে। + -[প্রশ্নের উত্তর] (https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) + +- ** কম্পিউটার কীভাবে কোনও প্রোগ্রাম প্রক্রিয়া করে: ** + - [সিপিইউ কীভাবে একটি প্রোগ্রাম (ভিডিও) চালায়]] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + - [কম্পিউটারগুলি কীভাবে গণনা করে-ALU (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + - [নিবন্ধসমূহ এবং র‌্যাম (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [সেন্ট্রাল প্রসেসিং ইউনিট (সিপিইউ) (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [নির্দেশাবলী এবং প্রোগ্রামগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) + +
+ +## অ্যালগরিদমিক জটিলতা / বিগ-ও / অ্যাসিপোটিক বিশ্লেষণ + +--- + +- বাস্তবায়নের কিছুই নেই +- এখানে প্রচুর ভিডিও রয়েছে। যতক্ষণ না আপনি এটি বুঝতে পারছেন ঠিক ততক্ষণ দেখুন। আপনি সর্বদা ফিরে এসে পর্যালোচনা করতে পারেন। +- কিছু বক্তৃতা যদি খুব ম্যাথিক হয় তবে আপনি ব্যাকগ্রাউন্ডের জ্ঞান পেতে নীচে নেমে গিয়ে আলাদা গণিতের ভিডিওগুলি দেখতে পারেন। +- [ ] [হার্ভার্ড সিএস 50-অ্যাসিপটোটিক নোটেশন (ভিডিও)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [বিগ হে নোটেশনস (সাধারণ দ্রুত টিউটোরিয়াল) (ভিডিও)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [বিগ ও স্বরলিপি (এবং ওমেগা এবং থিতা)-সর্বোত্তম গাণিতিক ব্যাখ্যা (ভিডিও)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] স্কিয়েনা: + - [ভিডিও](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [স্লাইডস](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) +- [অ্যালগরিদম জটিলতা বিশ্লেষণের একটি নম্র ভূমিকা] (http://discrete.gr/complexity/) +- [বৃদ্ধির অর্ডার (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/orders-of-growth-6PKkX) +- [অ্যাসিপটোটিকস (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-চিন্তাধারার-1/asyptics-bXAtM) +- [ ] [ইউসি বার্কলে বিগ ও (ভিডিও)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [ইউসি বার্কলে বিগ ওমেগা (ভিডিও)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_ca3e7UVmeUc) +- [ ] [ইমোরটাইজড অ্যানালাইসিস (ভিডিও)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [চিত্রিত "বিগ ও" (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/illustrating-big-o-YVqzv) +- [ ] টপকোডার (পুনরাবৃত্ত সম্পর্ক এবং মাস্টার উপপাদ্য অন্তর্ভুক্ত): + - [গণনামূলক জটিলতা: বিভাগ 1] (https://www.topcoder.com/commune/competitive-pramramming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [গণনামূলক জটিলতা: বিভাগ 2] (https://www.topcoder.com / সম্প্রদায় / কমপিটিটিভ-প্রোগ্রামিং / টিউটোরিয়ালস / কমপিটেশনাল-কমপ্লিকটি-সেকশন ২/২) +- [ ] [চিট শিট](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) + + +
+ + এই কোর্সটিতে অনেক বিষয় রয়েছে। প্রতিটি সম্ভবত আপনাকে কয়েক দিন, বা এমনকি এক সপ্তাহ বা তারও বেশি সময় লাগবে। এটা আপনার সময়সূচী উপর নির্ভর করে। প্রতিদিন, তালিকার পরবর্তী বিষয় নিন, সেই বিষয়ে কিছু ভিডিও দেখুন এবং তারপর একটি বাস্তবায়ন লিখুন @@ -574,135 +657,108 @@ iOS-এ এটির দাম $25 কিন্তু অন্যান্য কিন্তু শিখতে গিয়ে উপরে থেকে কোডিং সমস্যা করতে ভুলবেন না! -##পূর্বশর্ত জ্ঞান +## অ্যালগরিদমিক জটিলতা / বিগ-ও / অ্যাসিম্পটোটিক বিশ্লেষণ + +- এখানে বাস্তবায়নের কিছু নেই, আপনি শুধু ভিডিও দেখছেন এবং নোট নিচ্ছেন! হ্যাঁ! +- এখানে অনেক ভিডিও আছে। আপনি এটি বুঝতে না হওয়া পর্যন্ত শুধু যথেষ্ট দেখুন। আপনি সবসময় ফিরে আসতে পারেন এবং পর্যালোচনা করতে পারেন। +- আপনি যদি এর পিছনের সমস্ত গণিত না বুঝতে পারেন তবে চিন্তা করবেন না। +- আপনাকে শুধু বুঝতে হবে কিভাবে বিগ-ও এর পরিপ্রেক্ষিতে একটি অ্যালগরিদমের জটিলতা প্রকাশ করা যায়। +- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] [Skiena (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1mkCe3kVUA) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Computational%20Complexity%20part%20one) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Computational%20Complexity%20part%20two) +- [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) + +ওয়েল, যে যথেষ্ট যে সম্পর্কে. + +আপনি যখন "Cracking the Coding Interview" এর মধ্য দিয়ে যান, তখন এই বিষয়ে একটি অধ্যায় থাকে এবং শেষে একটি কুইজ দেখতে হয় +যদি আপনি বিভিন্ন অ্যালগরিদমের রানটাইম জটিলতা সনাক্ত করতে পারেন। এটি একটি সুপার পর্যালোচনা এবং পরীক্ষা. -
-<সংশ্লেষ> পূর্বশর্ত জ্ঞান << সংক্ষিপ্ত> +## ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার -- ** সি ** শিখুন - -সি সর্বত্র আছে। আপনি অধ্যয়নরত অবস্থায় আপনি বই, বক্তৃতা, ভিডিও, * সর্বত্র * এর উদাহরণ দেখতে পাবেন। - - [সি প্রোগ্রামিং ল্যাঙ্গুয়েজ, খণ্ড ২] (https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-ব্রায়ান-ডব্লিউ-কর্নিগান/dp/0131103628) - -এটি একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত বই, তবে এটি আপনাকে সি ভাষায় দুর্দান্ত হ্যান্ডেল দেবে এবং যদি আপনি এটি কিছুটা অনুশীলন করেন - আপনি দ্রুত দক্ষ হয়ে উঠবেন। সি বোঝা আপনাকে প্রোগ্রাম এবং মেমরি কীভাবে কাজ করে তা বুঝতে সহায়তা করে। - -[প্রশ্নের উত্তর] (https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) +- ### অ্যারে + - [ ] অ্যারে সম্পর্কে: + - [Arrays CS50 Harvard University](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tI_tIZFyKBw&t=3009s) + - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/arrays-OsBSF) + - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (১৫ মিনিট ৩২ সেকেন্ড থেকে দেখা শুরু করুন) + - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/dynamic-arrays-EwbnV) + - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [ ] Implement a vector (mutable array with automatic resizing): + - [ ] Practice coding using arrays and pointers, and pointer math to jump to an index instead of using indexing. + - [ ] New raw data array with allocated memory + - can allocate int array under the hood, just not use its features + - start with 16, or if starting number is greater, use power of 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 + - [ ] size() - আইটেমের সংখ্যা + - [ ] capacity() - আইটেমের সংখ্যা এটি ধরে রাখতে পারে + - [ ] is_empty() + - [ ] at(index) - returns item at given index, blows up if index out of bounds + - [ ] push(item) + - [ ] insert(index, item) - inserts item at index, shifts that index's value and trailing elements to the right + - [ ] prepend(item) - can use insert above at index 0 + - [ ] pop() - শেষ থেকে সরান, ভ্যালু রিটার্ন করুন + - [ ] delete(index) - delete item at index, shifting all trailing elements left + - [ ] remove(item) - looks for value and removes index holding it (even if in multiple places) + - [ ] find(item) - looks for value and returns first index with that value, -1 if not found + - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private function + - যখন সাইজ পুরন হয়ে যায়, তখন সেটার সাইজ ডবল করে দিন + - when popping an item, if size is 1/4 of capacity, resize to half + - [ ] Time + - O(1) to add/remove at end (amortized for allocations for more space), index, or update + - O(n) to insert/remove elsewhere + - [ ] Space + - contiguous in memory, so proximity helps performance + - space needed = (array capacity, which is >= n) * size of item, but even if 2n, still O(n) -- ** কম্পিউটার কীভাবে কোনও প্রোগ্রাম প্রক্রিয়া করে: ** - - [সিপিইউ কীভাবে একটি প্রোগ্রাম (ভিডিও) চালায়]] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) - - [কম্পিউটারগুলি কীভাবে গণনা করে-ALU (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) - - [নিবন্ধসমূহ এবং র‌্যাম (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) - - [সেন্ট্রাল প্রসেসিং ইউনিট (সিপিইউ) (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) - - [নির্দেশাবলী এবং প্রোগ্রামগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) - -
- -##অ্যালগরিদমিক জটিলতা / বিগ-ও / অ্যাসিপোটিক বিশ্লেষণ - -
-<স্যুমারী> অ্যালগরিদমিক জটিলতা / বিগ-ও / অ্যাসিপটোটিক বিশ্লেষণ - --বাস্তবায়নের কিছুই নেই --এখানে প্রচুর ভিডিও রয়েছে। যতক্ষণ না আপনি এটি বুঝতে পারছেন ঠিক ততক্ষণ দেখুন। আপনি সর্বদা ফিরে এসে পর্যালোচনা করতে পারেন। --কিছু বক্তৃতা যদি খুব ম্যাথিক হয় তবে আপনি ব্যাকগ্রাউন্ডের জ্ঞান পেতে নীচে নেমে গিয়ে আলাদা গণিতের ভিডিওগুলি দেখতে পারেন। -- [হার্ভার্ড সিএস 50-অ্যাসিপটোটিক নোটেশন (ভিডিও)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) -- [বিগ হে নোটেশনস (সাধারণ দ্রুত টিউটোরিয়াল) (ভিডিও)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) -- [বিগ ও স্বরলিপি (এবং ওমেগা এবং থিতা)-সর্বোত্তম গাণিতিক ব্যাখ্যা (ভিডিও)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- স্কিয়েনা: - -[ভিডিও](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - -[স্লাইডস](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) -- [অ্যালগরিদম জটিলতা বিশ্লেষণের একটি নম্র ভূমিকা](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) -- [বৃদ্ধির অর্ডার (ভিডিও)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/orders-of-growth-6PKkX) -- [অ্যাসিপটোটিকস (ভিডিও)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-চিন্তাধারার-1/asyptics-bXAtM) -- [ইউসি বার্কলে বিগ ও (ভিডিও)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) -- [ইউসি বার্কলে বিগ ওমেগা (ভিডিও)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_ca3e7UVmeUc) -- [ইমোরটাইজড অ্যানালাইসিস (ভিডিও)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [চিত্রিত "বিগ ও" (ভিডিও)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/illustrating-big-o-YVqzv) -- টপকোডার (পুনরাবৃত্ত সম্পর্ক এবং মাস্টার উপপাদ্য অন্তর্ভুক্ত): - -[গণনামূলক জটিলতা: বিভাগ 1](https://www.topcoder.com/commune/competitive-pramramming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - -[গণনামূলক জটিলতা: বিভাগ 2](https://www.topcoder.com / সম্প্রদায় / কমপিটিটিভ-প্রোগ্রামিং / টিউটোরিয়ালস / কমপিটেশনাল-কমপ্লিকটি-সেকশন ২/২) -- [চিট শিট](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) - - -
- -##ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার - -
-<সংশ্লেটি> ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার - --###অ্যারে - -একটি স্বয়ংক্রিয় আকার পরিবর্তনকারী ভেক্টর প্রয়োগ করুন। - - বিবরণ: - -[অ্যারে (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/ নির্বাচন //sBSF/arrays) - -[ইউসি বার্কলে সিএস 61 বি-লিনিয়ার এবং মাল্টি-ডিম অ্যারে (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (15m 32s থেকে দেখা শুরু করুন) - -[ডাইনামিক অ্যারে (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) - -[জেগড অ্যারে (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) - - একটি ভেক্টর প্রয়োগ করুন (স্বয়ংক্রিয় আকার পুনরায় আকারের সাথে পরিবর্তনীয় অ্যারে): - - অ্যারে এবং পয়েন্টার ব্যবহার করে কোডিং অনুশীলন করুন, এবং সূচক ব্যবহারের পরিবর্তে সূচীতে ঝাঁপ দেওয়ার জন্য পয়েন্টার ম্যাথ th - - বরাদ্দ মেমরি সহ নতুন কাঁচা ডেটা অ্যারে - -হুডের অধীনে ইন অ্যারে বরাদ্দ করতে পারে, কেবল তার বৈশিষ্ট্যগুলি ব্যবহার করবেন না - -16 দিয়ে শুরু করুন, বা যদি শুরুর সংখ্যাটি বেশি হয় তবে 2-16, 32, 64, 128 এর শক্তি ব্যবহার করুন - - আকার ()-আইটেমের সংখ্যা - - ক্ষমতা ()-এটি ধরে রাখতে পারে এমন আইটেমের সংখ্যা - -[ ] খালি() - - এ (সূচক)-প্রদত্ত সূচকে আইটেমটি ফেরত দেয়, সূচক সীমা ছাড়িয়ে গেলে ফুটিয়ে উঠে - - ধাক্কা (আইটেম) - - সন্নিবেশ (সূচক, আইটেম)-সূচীতে আইটেম সন্নিবেশ করায়, সূচকের মান এবং পিছনের উপাদানগুলি ডানদিকে সরিয়ে দেয় - - প্রিপেন্ড (আইটেম)-উপরে সূচক 0 এ সন্নিবেশ ব্যবহার করতে পারেন - - পপ ()-শেষ থেকে সরান, ফেরতের মান - - মুছুন (সূচী)-সূচি অনুসারে আইটেম মুছুন, সমস্ত অনুবর্তনীয় উপাদান বাম দিকে সরিয়ে - - সরান (আইটেম)-মান সন্ধান করে এবং এটি ধরে রাখা সূচকটি সরিয়ে দেয় (এমনকি একাধিক জায়গায় থাকলেও) - - সন্ধান করুন (আইটেম)-মানটির সন্ধান করে এবং সেই মানটির সাথে প্রথম সূচকটি প্রদান করে,-১ পাওয়া না গেলে - - পুনরায় আকার দিন (নতুন_ক্ষমতা) // ব্যক্তিগত ফাংশন - -যখন আপনি সক্ষমতা পৌঁছেছেন, আকার দ্বিগুণ করার জন্য পুনরায় আকার দিন - -কোনও আইটেমটি পপ করার সময়, আকারটি যদি 1/4 ধারণক্ষমতা হয় তবে আকারটি অর্ধেক করুন - - সময় - -ও (1) শেষে অন্তর্ভুক্ত / অপসারণ (আরও স্থানের জন্য বরাদ্দের জন্য সূক্ষ্ম), সূচক বা আপডেট - -ও (এন) অন্যত্র সন্নিবেশ / অপসারণ করতে - - স্পেস - -স্মৃতিতে সামঞ্জস্যপূর্ণ তাই নৈকট্য পারফরম্যান্সে সহায়তা করে - -স্থান প্রয়োজন = (অ্যারে ক্ষমতা, যা> = এন) * আইটেমের আকার, তবে 2n হলেও এখনও হে (এন) - --###লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকাগুলি - - বিবরণ: - - [একক লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকাগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - - [সিএস 61 বি-লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকাগুলি 1 (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - - সিএস 61 বি-লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকাগুলি 2 (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) - - [সি কোড (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - -পুরো ভিডিও নয়, নোড স্ট্রাক্ট এবং মেমরির বরাদ্দ সম্পর্কে কেবল অংশ। - - লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকা বনাম অ্যারে: - -[কোর লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকা বনাম অ্যারেগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) - -[রিয়েল ওয়ার্ল্ডের লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকায় বনাম অ্যারেগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) - - [কেন আপনার লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকাগুলি (ভিডিও) এড়ানো উচিত]] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) - - গোটচা: আপনার পয়েন্টার জ্ঞানের জন্য পয়েন্টার প্রয়োজন: - (আপনি যখন কোনও ফাংশনটিতে কোনও পয়েন্টার পাস করেন যা ঠিকানা পরিবর্তন করতে পারে যেখানে সেই পয়েন্টারটি নির্দেশ করে) - এই পৃষ্ঠাটি কেবল পিটিআর থেকে পিটিআর এ উপলব্ধি পেতে। আমি এই তালিকাটি ট্র্যাভার্সাল স্টাইলের প্রস্তাব দিই না। পড়ার যোগ্যতা এবং রক্ষণাবেক্ষণযোগ্যতা চতুরতার কারণে ভোগে। - -[পয়েন্টারগুলিতে নির্দেশক] (https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) - - বাস্তবায়ন করুন (আমি টেইল পয়েন্টার দিয়ে ও ছাড়াই করেছি): - - আকার ()-তালিকায় ডাটা উপাদানগুলির সংখ্যা প্রদান করে - - খালি ()-শূন্য হলে বুল সত্য দেয় - - মান_আট (সূচক)-নবম আইটেমটির মান প্রদান করে (প্রথমটির জন্য 0 থেকে শুরু করে) - - পুশ_ফ্রন্ট (মান)-তালিকার সামনের অংশে একটি আইটেম যুক্ত করে - - পপ_ফ্রন্ট ()-সামনের আইটেমটি সরিয়ে তার মানটি ফিরিয়ে দিন - - পুশ_ব্যাক (মান)-শেষে একটি আইটেম যুক্ত করে - - পপ_ব্যাক ()-শেষ আইটেমটি সরিয়ে দেয় এবং এর মান প্রদান করে - - সামনের ()-সামনের আইটেমটির মান পান - - ফিরে ()-শেষ আইটেমটির মান পান - - সন্নিবেশ (সূচক, মান)-সূচকে মূল্য সন্নিবেশ করানো হয়, সুতরাং সেই সূচীতে বর্তমান আইটেমটি সূচীতে নতুন আইটেম দ্বারা নির্দেশিত - - মুছুন (সূচক)-প্রদত্ত সূচকে নোড সরান s - - মান_ন_ফ্রম_েন্ড (এন)-তালিকার শেষে থেকে নবম অবস্থানে নোডের মান প্রদান করে - - বিপরীত ()-তালিকার বিপরীতে - - সরান_মূল্য (মান)-এই মান সহ তালিকার প্রথম আইটেমটি সরিয়ে দেয় - - দ্বিগুণভাবে সংযুক্ত তালিকা - -[বিবরণ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) - -বাস্তবায়নের দরকার নেই +- ### লিঙ্কড লিস্ট + - [ ] বিবরণ: + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) + - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) + - পুরো ভিডিওটি নয়, নোড স্ট্রাকট এবং মেমরি বরাদ্দ সম্পর্কে কিছু অংশ + - [ ] লিঙ্কড লিস্ট বনাম অ্যারে: + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9) + - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd) + - [ ] [Why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [ ] Gotcha: you need pointer to pointer knowledge: + (for when you pass a pointer to a function that may change the address where that pointer points) + This page is just to get a grasp on ptr to ptr. I don't recommend this list traversal style. Readability and maintainability suffer due to cleverness. + - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) + - [ ] Implement (I did with tail pointer & without): + - [ ] size() - returns number of data elements in list + - [ ] empty() - bool returns true if empty + - [ ] value_at(index) - returns the value of the nth item (starting at 0 for first) + - [ ] push_front(value) - adds an item to the front of the list + - [ ] pop_front() - remove front item and return its value + - [ ] push_back(value) - adds an item at the end + - [ ] pop_back() - removes end item and returns its value + - [ ] front() - get value of front item + - [ ] back() - get value of end item + - [ ] insert(index, value) - insert value at index, so current item at that index is pointed to by new item at index + - [ ] erase(index) - removes node at given index + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - returns the value of the node at nth position from the end of the list + - [ ] reverse() - reverses the list + - [ ] remove_value(value) - এই মান দিয়ে তালিকার প্রথম আইটেমটি সরিয়ে দেয় + - [ ] Doubly-linked List + - [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/doubly-linked-lists-jpGKD) + - ইমপ্লিমেন্টের প্রয়োজন নাই। -###স্ট্যাক - [স্ট্যাকস (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - ] বাস্তবায়ন করবে না। অ্যারের সাথে প্রয়োগ করা তুচ্ছ। -###কিউ - [সারি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [বিজ্ঞপ্তি বাফার / ফিফো] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - লেজ পয়েন্টার সহ লিঙ্কযুক্ত-তালিকা ব্যবহার করে প্রয়োগ করুন: -এনকুই (মান)-লেজের স্থানে মান যোগ করে -ডেকিউ ()-মান ফেরত দেয় এবং সর্বশেষে যুক্ত হওয়া উপাদান (সামনে) সরিয়ে দেয় @@ -727,6 +783,7 @@ iOS-এ এটির দাম $25 কিন্তু অন্যান্য - [পাইকন ২০১০: দ্য মাইটি ডিকশনারী (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [(উন্নত) র্যান্ডমাইজেশন: ইউনিভার্সাল এবং পারফেক্ট হ্যাশিং (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [(উন্নত) পারফেক্ট হ্যাশিং (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEWKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - অনলাইন কোর্স: - [কোর হ্যাশ টেবিল (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) @@ -754,6 +811,7 @@ iOS-এ এটির দাম $25 কিন্তু অন্যান্য - [বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [বাইনারি সন্ধান (ভিডিও)] (https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [বিস্তারিত] (https://www.topcoder.com/commune/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - বাস্তবায়ন: -বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান (পূর্ণসংখ্যার সাজানো অ্যারেতে) -পুনরাবৃত্তি ব্যবহার করে বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান @@ -810,7 +868,10 @@ iOS-এ এটির দাম $25 কিন্তু অন্যান্য -অর্ডার (ডিএফএস: বাম, স্ব, ডান) -পোস্টর্ডার (ডিএফএস: বাম, ডান, স্ব) -প্রির্ডার (ডিএফএস: স্ব, বাম, ডান) - + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) + -###বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান গাছ: বিএসটি - [বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান বৃক্ষ পর্যালোচনা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [সিরিজ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-intr پيداوار-to-binary-search-trees) @@ -857,6 +918,7 @@ iOS-এ এটির দাম $25 কিন্তু অন্যান্য - [এমআইটি: হিপস এবং হিপ সাজান (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [সিএস 61 বি লেকচার 24: অগ্রাধিকার ক্যু (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [লিনিয়ার টাইম বিল্ডহীপ (সর্বাধিক হিপ)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - একটি সর্বোচ্চ গাদা প্রয়োগ করুন: - sertোকান - সিফ্ট_আপ-.োকানোর জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় @@ -926,7 +988,15 @@ iOS-এ এটির দাম $25 কিন্তু অন্যান্য - [বাস্তবায়ন (সি)] (http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/class/223/exults/randomization/quick.c) - [বাস্তবায়ন (সি)] (https://github.com/jwasham/pੈਕਟ-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [বাস্তবায়ন (পাইথন)] (https://github.com/jwasham/pੈਕਟ-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) - + +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - বাস্তবায়ন: - মার্জোর্ট: ও (এন লগ এন) গড় এবং সবচেয়ে খারাপ অবস্থা case - কুইকসোর্ট ও (এন লগ এন) গড় কেস @@ -995,6 +1065,8 @@ iOS-এ এটির দাম $25 কিন্তু অন্যান্য - [সিএস 61 বি 2014: ওজনযুক্ত গ্রাফ (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [লোভী অ্যালগরিদম: ন্যূনতম বিস্তৃত গাছ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [দৃr়ভাবে সংযুক্ত উপাদানগুলি কোসারাজুর অ্যালগোরিদম গ্রাফ আলগোরিদিম (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) -সম্পূর্ণ কোর্সেরা কোর্স: - [গ্রাফগুলিতে অ্যালগরিদমগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-অনুচ্ছেদ / হোম / উপস্ব) @@ -1418,8 +1490,9 @@ iOS-এ এটির দাম $25 কিন্তু অন্যান্য - শর্ট সাবজেক্টের ২-৩ মিনিটের সিরিজ (২৩ টি ভিডিও) -[ভিডিও] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- 2-5 মিনিটের সংক্ষিপ্ত বিষয় ভিডিওর সিরিজ-মাইকেল সাম্বোল (18 টি ভিডিও): - -[ভিডিও] (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- 2-5 মিনিটের সংক্ষিপ্ত বিষয় ভিডিওর সিরিজ-মাইকেল সাম্বোল - Michael Sambol (48 টি ভিডিও): + - [ভিডিও](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [সেজেজউইক ভিডিও-অ্যালগোরিদম আই] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [সেজেজিক ভিডিও-দ্বিতীয় অ্যালগোরিদম] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -1822,6 +1895,7 @@ iOS-এ এটির দাম $25 কিন্তু অন্যান্য - [এভিএল ট্রি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/ নির্বাচন / Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [এভিএল ট্রি বাস্তবায়ন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-বাস্তবায়ন) - [স্প্লিট এবং মার্জ করুন] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-विसর) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - ** গাছ স্প্লে ** -প্রস্তুতিতে: @@ -1847,6 +1921,7 @@ iOS-এ এটির দাম $25 কিন্তু অন্যান্য - [আদুনি-অ্যালগরিদম-লেকচার 5 (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [লাল-কালো বৃক্ষ] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93 ব্ল্যাক_ট্রি) - [বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান এবং লাল কালো গাছের পরিচিতি] (https://www.topcoder.com/commune/competitive-pogramming/tutorials/an-intr Produc-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees /) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - ** ২-৩ টি অনুসন্ধান গাছ ** -প্রস্তুতিতে: @@ -1887,6 +1962,7 @@ iOS-এ এটির দাম $25 কিন্তু অন্যান্য - [এমআইটি 85.৮৫১-মেমরি হায়ারার্কি মডেলগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) -ক্যাশে-বিস্মৃত বি-গাছগুলি কভার করে, খুব আকর্ষণীয় ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার -প্রথম 37 মিনিট খুব প্রযুক্তিগত, এড়িয়ে যেতে পারে (বি ব্লকের আকার, ক্যাশে লাইনের আকার) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) -###কেডি গাছ diff --git a/translations/README-cn.md b/translations/README-cn.md index 004dae0..ccb3e86 100644 --- a/translations/README-cn.md +++ b/translations/README-cn.md @@ -1,67 +1,61 @@ # 编程面试大学 -原先我为了成为一个软件工程师而建立这份简单的学习主题清单, 但这份清单随着时间的推移而膨胀成今天这样。在做完这份清单上的每个目标后,[我成为了 Amazon 的软件开发工程师](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! 你或许不需要像我一样学习这么多。但是,让你成为一位称职工程师所需要的知识都在这里了。 - -我每天自学8~12小时,这样持续了好几个月。这是我的故事:[为什么我为了 Google 面试而自学了8个月](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13)。 - -在这份清单内的主题会让你拥有足够的知识去面对几乎每家软件公司的技术面试,包括科技巨头:Amazon、Facebook、Google,以及 Microsoft。 - -祝你好运! +> 原先我为了成为一个软件工程师而建立这份简单的学习主题清单, 但这份清单随着时间的推移而膨胀成今天这样。在做完这份清单上的每个目标后,[我成为了 Amazon 的软件开发工程师](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! 你或许不需要像我一样学习这么多。但是,让你成为一位称职工程师所需要的知识都在这里了。 +> +>我每天自学8~12小时,这样持续了好几个月。这是我的故事:[为什么我为了 Google 面试而自学了8个月](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13)。 +> +> **请注意:** 你不需要像我一样那么努力学习。我在一些不必要的事情上浪费了很多时间。关于这个问题下面有更多信息。我会帮助你节省宝贵的时间,让你达到目标。 +> 在这份清单内的主题会让你拥有足够的知识去面对几乎每家软件公司的技术面试,包括科技巨头:Amazon、Facebook、Google,以及 Microsoft。 +> +> **祝你好运!** ## 这是? -这是我为了从 web 开发者(自学、非计算机科学学位)蜕变至 Google 软件工程师所制定的计划,其内容历时数月。 - ![白板上编程 ———— 来自 HBO 频道的剧集,“硅谷”](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) -这份清单适用于 **新手软件工程师**,或者想从软件/网站开发转向软件工程(需要计算机科学知识)的人员。如果你有多年的经验,并且声称拥有多年的软件工程经验,并且期待一次更艰难的面试。 +这是我为成为一家大公司的软件工程师制定的多月学习计划。 -如果你具有多年的软件/网页开发经验,请注意,大型软件公司(例如 Google,Amazon,Facebook 和 Microsoft)将软件工程视为不同于软件/网页开发,并且它们需要计算机科学知识。 +**要求:** +* 一点编程经验(变量、循环、方法/函数等) +* 耐心 +* 时间 -如果你想成为可靠性工程师或运维工程师,请从可选列表(网络,安全)中学习更多。 +注意,这是一份关于 **软件工程** 的学习计划,而不是前端工程或全栈开发。 +这些职业路径有很多详细的路线图和课程资料可以在其他地方找到(请参阅 https://roadmap.sh/ 获取更多信息)。 + +在大学计算机科学专业中,有很多知识需要学习,但是只掌握大约75%的内容就足够应对面试了,这也是我在这里涵盖的内容。 +如果你想进行完整的自学计算机科学项目,可以参考Kamran Ahmed的计算机科学路线图:https://roadmap.sh/computer-science --- ## 目录 +### 学习计划 + - [这是?](#这是) - [为何要用到它?](#为何要用到它) - [如何使用它](#如何使用它) - [不要觉得自己不够聪明](#不要觉得自己不够聪明) - [相关视频资源](#相关视频资源) -- [面试过程 & 通用的面试准备](#面试过程--通用的面试准备) -- [为你的面试选择一种语言](#为你的面试选择一种语言) -- [书单](#书单) -- [在你开始之前](#在你开始之前) +- [选择编程语言](#选择编程语言) +- [数据结构和算法的书籍](#数据结构和算法的书籍) +- [面试准备书籍](#面试准备书籍) +- [不要犯我的错误](#不要犯我的错误) - [没有包含的内容](#没有包含的内容) -- [必备知识](#必备知识) - [日常计划](#日常计划) +- [编程问题练习](#编程问题练习) +- [编程问题](#编程问题) + +### 学习的主题 + - [算法复杂度 / Big-O / 渐进分析法](#算法复杂度--big-o--渐进分析法) - [数据结构](#数据结构) - [数组(Arrays)](#数组arrays) @@ -73,10 +67,10 @@ - [二分查找(Binary search)](#二分查找binary-search) - [按位运算(Bitwise operations)](#按位运算bitwise-operations) - [树(Trees)](#树trees) - - [树 —— 笔记 & 背景](#树--笔记--背景) + - [树-介绍](#树-介绍) - [二叉查找树(Binary search trees):BSTs](#二叉查找树binary-search-treesbsts) - [堆(Heap) / 优先级队列(Priority Queue) / 二叉堆(Binary Heap)](#堆heap--优先级队列priority-queue--二叉堆binary-heap) - - [平衡查找树(Balanced search trees)(基本概念,非细节)](#平衡查找树balanced-search-trees) + - 平衡搜索树 (总体概念,不涉及细节) - 遍历:前序、中序、后序、BFS、DFS - [排序](#排序sorting) - 选择排序(selection) @@ -93,7 +87,6 @@ - [更多知识](#更多知识) - [递归](#递归recursion) - [动态规划](#动态规划dynamic-programming) - - [面向对象编程](#面向对象编程) - [设计模式](#设计模式) - [组合 & 概率](#组合combinatorics-n-中选-k-个--概率probability) - [NP, NP-完全和近似算法](#np-np-完全和近似算法) @@ -107,19 +100,23 @@ - [Unicode](#unicode) - [字节顺序](#字节序Endianness) - [网络](#网络视频) -- [系统设计、可伸缩性、数据处理](#系统设计可伸缩性数据处理)(如果你有4+年经验) -- [终面](#终面) -- [编程问题练习](#编程问题练习) -- [编程练习和挑战](#编程练习和挑战) -- [当你临近面试时](#当你临近面试时) -- [你的简历](#你的简历) +- [最终复习](#最终复习) + +### 获得工作机会 + +- [更新你的简历](#更新你的简历) +- [找工作](#找工作) +- [面试流程与一般面试准备](#面试流程与一般面试准备) - [当面试来临的时候](#当面试来临的时候) - [问面试官的问题](#问面试官的问题) - [当你获得了梦想的职位](#当你获得了梦想的职位) ----------------- 下面的内容是可选的 ---------------- +**---------------- 以下所有内容均为可选项 ----------------** + +### 可选的额外主题和资源 - [额外书籍](#额外书籍) +- [系统设计、可扩展性和数据处理](#系统设计、可扩展性和数据处理) - [附加学习](#附加学习) - [编译器](#编译器) - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) @@ -133,10 +130,10 @@ - [垃圾回收](#垃圾回收) - [并行编程](#并行编程) - [消息传递,序列化和队列化的系统](#消息传递序列化和队列系统) - - [A*搜索算法](#A搜索算法) + - [A*搜索算法](#a*搜索算法) - [快速傅里叶变换](#快速傅里叶变换) - [布隆过滤器](#布隆过滤器) - - [HyperLogLog](#HyperLogLog) + - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) - [局部敏感哈希](#局部敏感哈希) - [van Emde Boas 树](#van-emde-boas-树) - [增强数据结构](#增强数据结构) @@ -148,7 +145,7 @@ - 2-3-4 树(也称 2-4 树) - N-ary (K-ary, M-ary)树 - B 树 - - [k-D 树](#k-D树) + - [k-D 树](#k-d树) - [跳表](#跳表) - [网络流](#网络流) - [不相交集 & 联合查找](#不相交集--联合查找) @@ -157,7 +154,6 @@ - [线性规划](#线性规划linear-programming视频) - [几何:凸包(Geometry, Convex hull)](#几何凸包geometry-convex-hull视频) - [离散数学](#离散数学) - - [机器学习](#机器学习machine-learning) - [一些主题的额外内容](#一些主题的额外内容) - [视频系列](#视频系列) - [计算机科学课程](#计算机科学课程) @@ -167,7 +163,16 @@ ## 为何要用到它? -当我开始这个项目时,我不知道堆和栈的区别,不了解时间复杂度(Big-O)、树,或如何去遍历一个图。如果非要我去编写一个排序算法的话,我只能说我所写的肯定是很糟糕。一直以来,我所用的任何数据结构都是内建于编程语言当中。至于它们在背后是如何运作,对此我一概不清楚。此外,以前的我并不需要对内存进行管理,最多就只是在一个正在执行的进程抛出了“内存不足”的错误后,才会去找解决方法。在我的编程生涯中,虽然我有用过多维数组,也用过关联数组成千上万次,但我从来没有自己实现过数据结构。 +如果你想在一家大公司担任软件工程师,这些是你必须了解的事情。 + +如果你错过了计算机科学的学位,就像我一样,这将帮助你迎头赶上,并节省四年的时间。 + +当我开始这个项目时,我对堆栈和堆没有任何了解, +也不知道大O表示法或者关于树的任何东西,也不知道如何遍历图形。 +如果让我编写一个排序算法,相信我它会很糟糕。 +我曾经使用过的每种数据结构都是内置在语言中的,并且我完全不知道它们在底层是如何工作的。 +除非运行中的进程出现“内存不足”错误,否则我从来没有管理过内存,并且那时候就需要找到一种解决方法。 +在我的生活中,我使用过一些多维数组和成千上万个关联数组,但从未从头开始创建数据结构。 这是一个漫长的计划,以至于花费了我数月的时间。若你早已熟悉大部分的知识,那么也许能节省大量的时间。 @@ -176,7 +181,6 @@ 下面所有的东西都只是一个概述。因此,你需要由上而下逐一地去处理它。 在学习过程中,我使用 GitHub 特殊语法的 Markdown 去检查计划的进展,包括使用包含任务进度的任务列表。 - - [更多关于 Github-flavored Markdown 的详情](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) ### 如果你不想使用 Git @@ -189,28 +193,28 @@ ### 如果你不介意 Git -1. 通过单击 Fork 按钮来 fork GitHub 仓库:`https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` +创建一个新的分支,这样你就可以检查类似这样的项目了,只需在方括号中放入一个x:[x] + +1. 在 GitHub 上 Fork 该仓库: 点击 Fork 按钮,将 `https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` 仓库复制到你的 GitHub 账号中。 ![Fork the GitHub repo](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/fork-button.png) 2. 克隆项目到本地: - ```sh + ``` git clone git@github.com:/coding-interview-university.git cd coding-interview-university - git checkout -b progress - git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university - git fetch --all + git remote add upstream https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university + git remote set-url --push upstream DISABLE # 这样你就不会将个人进展推回到原始仓库了。 ``` 3. 在你完成了一些修改后,在框框中打 x: - ```sh - git add . - git commit -m "Marked x" - git rebase jwasham/main - git push --set-upstream origin progress - git push --force + ``` + git commit -am "Marked personal progress" + git pull upstream main # 将您的分支与原始仓库中的更改保持最新 + + git push # just pushes to your fork ``` ## 不要觉得自己不够聪明 @@ -222,36 +226,44 @@ ## 相关视频资源 -部分视频只能通过在 Coursera 或者 Edx 课程上注册登录才能观看。这些视频被称为网络公开课程(MOOC)。有时候某些课程需要等待好几个月才能获取,这期间你无法观看这些课程的影片。 +部分视频只能通过在 Coursera 或者 Edx 课程上注册登录才能观看。 +这些视频被称为网络公开课程(MOOC)。有时候某些课程需要等待好几个月才能获取,这期间你无法观看这些课程的影片。 -很感谢你能帮我把网络公开课程的视频链接转换成公开的,可持续访问的视频源,比如 YouTube 视频,以代替那些在线课程的视频。此外,一些大学的讲座视频也是我所青睐的。 +很感谢你能帮我把网络公开课程的视频链接转换成公开的,可持续访问的视频源, +比如 YouTube 视频,以代替那些在线课程的视频。 +此外,一些大学的讲座视频也是我所青睐的。 -## 面试过程 & 通用的面试准备 +## 选择编程语言 -- [ ] [ABC:不要停止编程(Always Be Coding)](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) -- [ ] [白板编程(Whiteboarding)](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) -- [ ] [揭秘技术招聘](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) -- [ ] 如何在科技四强企业中获得一份工作: - - [ ] [“如何在科技四强企业中获得一份工作 —— Amazon、Facebook、Google 和 Microsoft”(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) -- [ ] 解密开发类面试第一集: - - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell —— 解密开发类面试(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) - - [ ] [解密开发类面试 —— 作者 Gayle Laakmann McDowell(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) -- [ ] 解密 Facebook 编码面试: - - [方法](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) - - [问题演练](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) -- [ ] 准备课程: - - [ ] [软件工程师面试发布(收费课程)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): - - 从前 Google 面试官身上学习如何准备自己,让自己能够应付软件工程师的面试。 - - [ ] [Python 数据结构,算法和面试(收费课程)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): - - Python 面试准备课程,内容涉及数据结构,算法,模拟面试等。 - - [ ] [Python 的数据结构和算法简介(Udacity 免费课程)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): - - 免费的 Python 数据结构和算法课程。 - - [ ] [数据结构和算法纳米学位!(Udacity 收费纳米学位)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): - - 获得超过100种数据结构和算法练习以及指导的动手练习,专门导师帮助你在面试和职场中做好准备。 - - [ ] [探究行为面试(Educative 免费课程)](https://www.educative.io/courses/grokking-the-behavioral-interview): - - 很多时候,不是你的技术能力会阻碍你获得理想的工作,而是你在行为面试中的表现。 +你需要为你做的编程面试选择一种编程语言, +但你也需要找到一种可以用来学习计算机科学概念的语言。 -## 为你的面试选择一种语言 +最好是同一种语言,这样你只需精通其中一种。 + +### 对于这个学习计划 + +在这个学习计划中,我主要使用了两种编程语言:C和Python。 + +* C: 非常底层。它允许你处理指针和内存的分配与释放,因此你能够深入理解数据结构和算法。 + 在像Python或Java这样的高级语言中,这些细节被隐藏起来。在日常工作中,这是很好的, + 但当你学习这些底层数据结构时,感受它们与计算机硬件的联系也是非常有益的。 + - C 语言无处不在。在你学习的过程中,你会在书籍、讲座、视频以及**任何地方**看到C语言的例子。 + - [《C程序设计语言(第2版)》](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - 这是一本简短的书,但它会让你很好地掌握C语言,只要稍微练习一下, + 你很快就能熟练使用。理解C语言有助于你了解程序和内存是如何工作的。 + - 你不需要深入研究这本书(甚至不用读完它)。只要阅读到你感觉舒服,并能写一些C语言的代码就可以了。 + - [书中问题的答案](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) +* Python: 现代且非常灵活,我学习它是因为它非常实用,同时在面试中也能让我写更少的代码。 + +这是我的个人喜好,当然你可以根据自己的偏好来选择。 + +也许你并不需要,但以下是一些学习新编程语言的网站: +- [Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks) +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/for-developers/) +- [Scaler Topics (Java, C++)](https://www.scaler.com/topics/) + +### 对于你的编程面试 你可以在编程这一环节,使用一种自己用起来较为舒适的语言去完成编程,但对于大公司,你只有三种固定的选择: @@ -264,77 +276,27 @@ - JavaScript - Ruby -我之前写过一篇关于在面试时选择编程语言的文章:[为编程面试选择一种语言](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/)。 +这是我写的一篇关于选择面试语言的文章: +[为编程面试选择一种语言](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/)。 +这是我发布帖子所基于的原始文章: [Choosing a Programming Language for Interviews](https://web.archive.org/web/20210516054124/http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/) 你需要对你所选择的语言感到非常舒适且足够了解。 更多关于语言选择的阅读: - -- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ -- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ +- [选择适合你的编程面试的语言](http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/) [在此查看相关语言的资源](../programming-language-resources.md) -由于我正在学习C、C++ 和 Python,因此在下面你会看到部分关于它们的学习资料。相关书籍请看文章的底部。 +## 数据结构和算法的书籍 -## 书单 +这本书将为你的计算机科学打下基础。 -为了节省你的时间,以下是比我使用过的更缩减的书单。 +只需选择一种你感到舒适的语言。你将会进行大量阅读和编码工作。 -### 面试准备 +### C -- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) - - 附有 C++ 和 Java 解答 - - 这是在练习 Cracking the Coding Interview 之前一个很好的热身 - - 不太困难,大多数问题可能比你在面试中看到的要容易(根据我的阅读) -- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - 附有 Java 答案 - -### 如果你有额外的时间: - -选择以下之一: - -- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) -- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) -- [ ] Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version) - - [书](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) - - [配套项目──书中每个问题的方法和测试用例](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) - -### 编程语言精选 - -**你需要选择面试语言(请参见上文)。** - -这是我按语言给出的建议。我没有所有语言的资源,欢迎贡献。 - -如果你通读其中之一,你应该具备了开始解决编程问题所需的所有数据结构和算法知识。除非你需要复习,否则**你可以跳过此项目中的所有视频讲座**。 - -[额外编程语言的精选资源](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/programming-language-resources.md) - -### C++ - -我没有读过这两本书,但是它们颇受好评,作者是 Sedgewick,他非常厉害。 - -- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) -- [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) -- [ ] [Open Data Structures in C++](https://opendatastructures.org/ods-cpp.pdf) - - 丰富而详细的数据结构和算法集合 - - 非常适合初学者 - -如果你有更好的 C++ 书籍,请告诉我。我正在搜集全面的资源。 - -### Java - -- [ ] [算法(Sedgewick 和 Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) - - 包含课程内容(和Sedgewick!)的视频 - - [第一部分](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - - [第二部分](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) - -或者: - -- [ ] [Java 数据结构和算法](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) - - 作者:Goodrich、Tamassia、Goldwasser - - 用作 UC Berkeley 的 CS 入门课程的可选教材 - - 请参阅下面有关 Python 版本的我的读书报告,这本书涵盖了相同的主题 +- [C语言中的算法,第1-5部分(捆绑包),第3版](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-5-Bundle-Fundamentals/dp/0201756080) + - 基础知识,数据结构,排序,搜索和图算法 ### Python @@ -342,142 +304,243 @@ - 作者:Goodrich、Tamassia、Goldwasser - 我非常喜爱这本书,它包含了所有东西 - 很 Python 的代码 - - 我的读书报告:[startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python](https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/) -- [ ] [Open Data Structures in Python](https://opendatastructures.org/ods-python.pdf) + - 我的读书报告:https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ -## 在你开始之前 +### Java -该列表已经持续更新了很长的一段时间,所以,我们的确很容易会对其失去控制。 +你的选择: -这里列出了一些我所犯过的错误,希望你不要重滔覆辙。 +- Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - [Java数据结构与算法](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) +- Sedgewick and Wayne: + - [算法(第4版)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - 免费Coursera课程,涵盖该书内容(由作者授课!): + - [算法I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [算法II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +### C++ + +你的选择: + +- Goodrich, Tamassia, and Mount + - [C++数据结构与算法(第2版)](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/0470383275) +- Sedgewick and Wayne + - [C++算法(第1-4部分):基础知识,数据结构,排序,搜索](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) + - [C++算法第5部分:图算法](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) + +## 面试准备书籍 + +你不需要买一堆这些。老实说,《破解编程面试》可能已经足够了, +但我买了更多来给自己更多的练习。但我总是做得太多。 + +这两个都是我买的,他们给了我大量的练习。 + +- [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) + - 提供C++和Java语言的答案 + - 这本书是准备《Cracking the Coding Interview》的很好热身书 + - 难度适中。大多数问题可能比实际面试中遇到的问题要简单(根据我所读的内容) +- [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - 提供Java语言的答案 + +### 如果你有很多额外的时间: + +选择一个: + +- [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [配套项目-本书中每个问题的方法存根和测试用例](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) + +## 不要犯我的错误 + +这个列表在很多个月里不断增长,是的,它变得失控了。 + +以下是我犯过的一些错误,这样你就能有更好的体验。而且你将节省数月时间。 ### 1. 你不可能把所有的东西都记住 -就算我观看了数小时的视频,并记录了大量的笔记,几个月后的我,仍然会忘却其中大部分的东西。所以,我花了3天翻阅我的笔记,并制作成抽认卡(flashcard)帮助我复习: +我看了数小时的视频并做了大量笔记,几个月后有很多东西我都不记得了。 +我花了三天时间浏览我的笔记并制作闪卡,以便进行复习。其实,并不需要那么多知识。 请阅读以下的文章以免重蹈覆辙: [记住计算机科学知识](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/)。 -有人推荐给我的课程(但我还沒看过):[学习如何学习](https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn)。 - ### 2. 使用抽认卡 为了解决善忘的问题,我制作了一个抽认卡的网页,用于添加两种抽认卡:一般的及带有代码的。每种卡都会有不同的格式设计。 - 而且,我还以移动设备为先去设计这些网页,以使得在任何地方,我都能通过我的手机及平板去回顾知识。 你也可以免费制作属于你自己的抽认卡网站: - [抽认卡页面的代码仓库](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) + +**我不建议使用我的闪卡**。它们太多了,而且大部分都是你不需要的琐事。 + +但是如果你不想听我的话,那就随你吧: - [我的抽认卡数据库 ── 旧 1200 张](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db) - [我的抽认卡数据库 ── 新 1800 张](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db) -有一点需要记住的是,我做事有点过头,以至于卡片都覆盖到所有的东西上,从汇编语言和 Python 的细枝末节,到机器学习和统计都被覆盖到卡片上。而这种做法,对于要求来说是多余的。 +有一点需要记住的是,我做事有点过头,以至于卡片都覆盖到所有的东西上,从汇编语言和 Python 的细枝末节,到机器学习和统计都被覆盖到卡片上。 +而这种做法,对于要求来说是多余的。 -**在抽认卡上做笔记:** 若你第一次发现你知道问题的答案时,先不要急着把其标注成“已知”。反复复习这张抽认卡,直到每次都能答对后才是真正学会了这个问题。反复地问答可帮助你深刻记住该知识点。 +**在抽认卡上做笔记:** 若你第一次发现你知道问题的答案时,先不要急着把其标注成“已知”。 +反复复习这张抽认卡,直到每次都能答对后才是真正学会了这个问题。 +反复地问答可帮助你深刻记住该知识点。 -这里有个替代我抽认卡的网站 [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/),很多人向我推荐过它。这个网站用同一个字卡重复出现的方式让你牢牢地记住知识。这个网站非常容易使用,支持多平台,并且有云端同步功能。在 iOS 平台上收费25美金,其他平台免费。 +这里有个替代我抽认卡的网站 [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/),很多人向我推荐过它。 +这个网站用同一个字卡重复出现的方式让你牢牢地记住知识。 +这个网站非常容易使用,支持多平台,并且有云端同步功能。在 iOS 平台上收费25美金,其他平台免费。 -这是我用 Anki 这个网站里的格式所储存的抽认卡资料库: ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (感谢 [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) +这是我用 Anki 这个网站里的格式所储存的抽认卡资料库: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (感谢 [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya))。 -### 3. 复习,复习,再复习 +一些学生提到了关于空白间距的格式问题,可以通过以下方法进行修复:打开卡片组,编辑卡片,点击"卡片"选项,选择"样式"单选按钮,在卡片类中添加成员 "white-space: pre;"。 -我留有一组 ASCII 码表、OSI 堆栈、Big-O 记号及更多的抽认卡,以便在空余的时候可以学习。 +### 3. 在学习过程中做编程面试题 -编程累了就休息半个小时,并去复习你的抽认卡。 +**这非常重要。** + +在学习数据结构和算法的同时,开始做编程面试题。 + +你需要将所学知识应用于解决问题,否则你会忘记。我曾经犯过这个错误。 + +一旦你学完一个主题,并且对它有了一定的掌握,比如 **链表(linked lists)**: +1. 打开其中一本[编程面试书籍](#interview-prep-books)(或下方列出的编程问题网站之一)。 +1. 关于链表的问题,请提出2或3个。 +1. 继续学习下一个主题。 +1. 稍后,回来再做另外2或3个链表问题。 +1. 使用这种方法来学习每个新主题。 + +**在学习这些内容的过程中不断做问题,而不是之后。** + +你被雇佣的不是因为你的知识,而是因为你如何应用这些知识。 + +下面列出了许多资源供你参考。继续前进吧。 ### 4. 专注 -在学习的过程中,往往会有许多令人分心的事占据着我们宝贵的时间。因此,专注和集中注意力是非常困难的。放点纯音乐能帮上一些忙。 +在学习的过程中,往往会有许多令人分心的事占据着我们宝贵的时间。 +因此,专注和集中注意力是非常困难的。放点纯音乐能帮上一些忙。 ## 没有包含的内容 有一些熟悉且普遍的技术在此未被谈及到: -- SQL - Javascript -- HTML、CSS 和其他前端技术 +- HTML,CSS和其他前端技术 +- SQL ## 日常计划 -部分问题可能会花费一天的时间去学习,而有些则会花费多天。当然,有些学习并不需要我们懂得如何实现。 +这门课涵盖了很多主题。每个主题可能需要你几天的时间,甚至可能需要一周或更长时间。这取决于你的日程安排。 -因此,每一天我都会在下面所列出的列表中选择一项,并观看相关的视频。然后,使用以下的一种语言去实现: - -- C —— 使用结构体和函数,该函数会接受一个结构体指针 * 及其他数据作为参数。 -- C++ —— 不使用内建的数据类型。 -- C++ —— 使用内建的数据类型,如使用 STL 的 std::list 来作为链表。 -- Python —— 使用内建的数据类型(为了持续练习 Python),并编写一些测试去保证自己代码的正确性。有时,只需要使用断言函数 assert() 即可。 -- 此外,你也可以使用 Java 或其他语言。以上只是我的个人偏好而已。 - -你不需要学会所有的编程语言,你只需要专注在[一种编程语言](##为你的面试选择一种语言)上。 - -为何要在这些语言上分别实现一次? - -- 练习,练习,练习,直至我厌倦它,并正确无误地实现出来。(若有部分边缘条件没想到时,我会用书写的形式记录下来并去记忆) -- 在纯原生的条件下工作(不需垃圾回收机制的帮助下,手动分配/释放内存(除了 Python)) -- 利用语言内建的数据类型,之后在实际工作的时候才能得心应手(在生产环境中,我不会去实现自己的链表) - -就算我没有时间去每一项都这么做,但我也会尽我所能。 +每天,按照列表中的下一个主题,观看一些关于该主题的视频, +然后用你选择的语言为这门课程编写该数据结构或算法的实现。 在这里你可以查看到我的代码: - - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) -你不需要记住每一个算法的内部原理。 +你不需要记住每个算法。你只需要能够理解它,以便能够编写自己的实现即可。 -在一个白板上写代码,而不要直接在计算机上编写。在测试完部分简单的输入后,到计算机上再测试一遍。 +## 编程问题练习 -## 必备知识 + 这是为什么?我还没有准备好面试。 -- [ ] **学习C语言** - - C 语言无处不在。在学习的过程中,你会在书籍,讲座,视频等任何地方看到它的身影 - - [ ] [C程序设计语言,第二版](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) - - 这是一本简短的书,但是它将使你更好地使用 C 语言,并且如果你稍加练习,就会很快熟练。理解 C 可帮助你了解程序和内存的工作方式 - - 问题答案 +[那就回去阅读这部分。](#3-do-coding-interview-questions-while-youre-learning) -- [ ] **计算机是如何处理一段程序:** - - [ ] [CPU 是如何执行代码(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) - - [ ] [计算机如何计算(视频)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) - - [ ] [寄存器和内存(视频)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) - - [ ] [中央处理单元(视频)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) - - [ ] [指令和程序(视频)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) +为什么你需要练习编程问题: +- 识别问题,并确定合适的数据结构和算法 +- 收集问题的要求 +- 像在面试中那样口头表达解决问题的过程 +- 在白板或纸上编写代码,而不是在计算机上 +- 为您的解决方案确定时间和空间复杂度(参见下文中的大O表示法)。 +- 对你的解决方案进行测试 + +在面试中,有一种方法论的、有交流的问题解决方法。你可以从编程面试书籍中了解这些, +但我发现下面这个网站也非常出色: +[算法设计画布](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) + +在白板或纸上写代码,而不是在计算机上。使用一些样例输入进行测试。然后在计算机上键入并进行测试。 + +如果家里没有白板,请从艺术用品店购买一个大型的绘图本。 +你可以坐在沙发上练习。这就是我的"沙发白板"。照片中我加了一支笔来衡量尺寸。如果你使用钢笔,你会希望能擦除。 +会很快变得凌乱, **我用铅笔和橡皮擦。** + +![my sofa whiteboard](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) + +**编程问题练习并不是为了记住解决编程问题的答案。** + +## 编程问题 + +别忘了参考你的主要编程面试书籍[这里](#interview-prep-books). + +解决问题: +- [如何找到解决方案](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/How%20To%20Find%20a%20Solution) +- [如何分析Topcoder问题陈述](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/How%20To%20Dissect%20a%20Topcoder%20Problem%20Statement%20Content) + +编程面试问题视频: +- [IDeserve(88个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy(5个播放列表)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - 非常适合问题解决方案的演示 +- [Nick White - LeetCode解答(187个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - 解释解决方案和代码的很好 + - 你可以在短时间内观看多个视频 +- [FisherCoder - LeetCode解答](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) + +挑战/练习网站: +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) + - 我最喜欢的编程问题网站。对于你准备的1-2个月时间,订阅会费是值得的。 + - 观看上面提到的Nick White和FisherCoder的视频,可以帮助你理解代码解决方案。 +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [Codeforces](https://codeforces.com/) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/explore/?page=1) +- [AlgoExpert](https://www.algoexpert.io/product) + - 由谷歌工程师创建,也是提高你技能的优秀资源。 +- [Project Euler](https://projecteuler.net/) + - 主要关注数学问题,并不完全适合编程面试。 + +## 让我们开始吧 + +好了,说得够多了,让我们学习吧! + +但在学习的同时,不要忘记做上面的编码问题! ## 算法复杂度 / Big-O / 渐进分析法 -- 并不需要实现 -- 这里有很多视频,看到你真正了解它为止。你随时可以回来复习。 -- 如果这些课程太过数学的话,你可以去看看最下面离散数学的视频,它能让你更了解这些数学背后的来源以及原理。 -- [ ] [Harvard CS50 —— 渐进表示(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) -- [ ] [Big O 记号(通用快速教程)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) -- [ ] [Big O 记号(以及 Omega 和 Theta)—— 最佳数学解释(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [ ] Skiena 算法: - - [视频](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [幻灯片](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) -- [ ] [对于算法复杂度分析的一次详细介绍](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) -- [ ] [增长阶数(Orders of Growth)(视频)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/59) -- [ ] [渐进性(Asymptotics)(视频)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/61) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O(视频)](https://youtu.be/VIS4YDpuP98) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega(视频)](https://youtu.be/ca3e7UVmeUc) -- [ ] [平摊分析法(Amortized Analysis)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [ ] [举证“Big O”(视频)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/63) +- 这里没有什么需要实施的,你只是在观看视频并记笔记!耶! +- 这里有很多视频,只要看到你理解为止就好了,你随时可以回来复习。 +- 如果你不理解背后的所有数学,不要担心。 +- 你只需要理解如何用大O表示法来表达算法的复杂度。 +- [ ] [哈佛大学CS50 - 渐进符号(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [大O符号(通用快速教程)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [大O符号(以及Ω和Θ)- 最佳数学解释(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] [Skiena(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1mkCe3kVUA) +- [ ] [加州大学伯克利分校关于大O符号(视频)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [摊还分析(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) - [ ] TopCoder(包括递归关系和主定理): - - [计算性复杂度:第一部](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - - [计算性复杂度:第二部](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) -- [ ] [速查表(Cheat sheet)](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) + - [计算复杂性:第1部分](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Computational%20Complexity%20part%20one) + - [计算复杂性:第2部分](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Computational%20Complexity%20part%20two) +- [ ] [速查表](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) + +好吧,差不多就到这里了。 + +当你阅读《破解编程面试》时,有一个章节专门讲述此事,并在最后进行了一次测验, +以测试你是否能够确定不同算法的运行时间复杂度。这是一个非常全面的复习和测试。 ## 数据结构 - ### 数组(Arrays) - - 实现一个可自动调整大小的动态数组。 - [ ] 介绍: - - [数组(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) - - [UC Berkeley CS61B - 线性数组和多维数组(视频)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE)(从15分32秒开始) - - [动态数组(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) - - [不规则数组(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [数组 CS50 哈佛大学](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tI_tIZFyKBw&t=3009s) + - [数组(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/arrays-OsBSF) + - [加州大学伯克利分校CS61B - 线性和多维数组(视频)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE)(从15分32秒开始) + - [动态数组(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/dynamic-arrays-EwbnV) + - [嵌套数组(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) - [ ] 实现一个动态数组(可自动调整大小的可变数组): - [ ] 练习使用数组和指针去编码,并且指针是通过计算去跳转而不是使用索引 - [ ] 通过分配内存来新建一个原生数据型数组 @@ -506,15 +569,20 @@ - ### 链表(Linked Lists) - [ ] 介绍: - - [ ] [单向链表(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - - [ ] [CS 61B —— 链表(一)(视频)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - - [ ] [CS 61B —— 链表(二)(视频)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) - - [ ] [C 代码(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) ── 并非看完整个视频,只需要看关于节点结构和内存分配那一部分即可 + - [ ] [链表 CS50 哈佛大学](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2T-A_GFuoTo&t=650s) - 这样建立了直观感。 + - [ ] [单链表(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) + - [ ] [CS 61B - 链表1(视频)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B - 链表 2(视频)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[复习] 4分钟了解链表(视频)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) + - [ ] [C代码(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) + - 不是整个视频,只是关于Node结构和内存分配的部分。 - [ ] 链表 vs 数组: - - [基本链表 Vs 数组(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9) - - [在现实中,链表 Vs 数组(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd) + - [核心链表与数组(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9) + - [在现实世界中,链表与数组的比较(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd) - [ ] [为什么你需要避免使用链表(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) - - [ ] 的确:你需要关于“指向指针的指针”的相关知识:(因为当你传递一个指针到一个函数时,该函数可能会改变指针所指向的地址)该页只是为了让你了解“指向指针的指针”这一概念。但我并不推荐这种链式遍历的风格。因为,这种风格的代码,其可读性和可维护性太低。 + - [ ] 的确:你需要关于“指向指针的指针”的相关知识:(因为当你传递一个指针到一个函数时, + 该函数可能会改变指针所指向的地址)该页只是为了让你了解“指向指针的指针”这一概念。 + 但我并不推荐这种链式遍历的风格。因为,这种风格的代码,其可读性和可维护性太低。 - [指向指针的指针](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) - [ ] 实现(我实现了使用尾指针以及没有使用尾指针这两种情况): - [ ] size() —— 返回链表中数据元素的个数 @@ -537,11 +605,13 @@ - ### 堆栈(Stack) - [ ] [堆栈(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) - - [ ] 可以不实现,因为使用数组来实现并不重要 + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) + - [ ] 可以不实现,因为使用数组来实现是微不足道的事 - ### 队列(Queue) - [ ] [队列(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) - [ ] [原型队列/先进先出(FIFO)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] 使用含有尾部指针的链表来实现: - enqueue(value) —— 在尾部添加值 - dequeue() —— 删除最早添加的元素并返回其值(首部元素) @@ -552,7 +622,8 @@ - empty() - full() - [ ] 花销: - - 在糟糕的实现情况下,使用链表所实现的队列,其入列和出列的时间复杂度将会是 O(n)。因为,你需要找到下一个元素,以致循环整个队列 + - 在糟糕的实现情况下,使用链表所实现的队列,其入列和出列的时间复杂度将会是 O(n)。 + 因为,你需要找到下一个元素,以致循环整个队列 - enqueue:O(1)(平摊(amortized)、链表和数组 [探测(probing)]) - dequeue:O(1)(链表和数组) - empty:O(1)(链表和数组) @@ -562,24 +633,26 @@ - [ ] [链式哈希表(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) - [ ] [Table Doubling 和 Karp-Rabin(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [Open Addressing 和密码型哈希(Cryptographic Hashing)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [PyCon 2010:The Mighty Dictionary(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - - [ ] [(进阶)随机取样(Randomization):全域哈希(Universal Hashing)& 完美哈希(Perfect Hashing)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - - [ ] [(进阶)完美哈希(Perfect hashing)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010:强大的字典(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [PyCon 2017:字典更强大(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU) + - [ ] [(高级) 随机化:通用和完美哈希(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [(进阶)完美哈希(Perfect hashing)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[复习]4分钟了解哈希表(视频)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] 在线课程: - - [ ] [基本哈希表(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) - - [ ] [数据结构(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) - - [ ] [电话薄问题(Phone Book Problem)(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) + - [ ] [核心哈希表(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) + - [ ] [数据结构(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4) + - [ ] [电话簿问题(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/phone-book-problem-NYZZP) - [ ] 分布式哈希表: - - [Dropbox 中的瞬时上传及存储优化(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) - - [分布式哈希表(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) + - [Dropbox中的即时上传和存储优化(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox-DvaIb) + - [分布式哈希表(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/distributed-hash-tables-tvH8H) - - [ ] 使用线性探测的数组去实现 - - hash(k, m) —— m 是哈希表的大小 - - add(key, value) —— 如果 key 已存在则更新值 - - exists(key) - - get(key) - - remove(key) + - [ ] 使用线性探测法的数组实现 + - hash(k, m) - m是哈希表的大小 + - add(key, value) - 如果键已存在,则更新值 + - exists(key) - 检查键是否存在 + - get(key) - 获取给定键的值 + - remove(key) - 删除给定键的值 ## 更多的知识 @@ -587,6 +660,8 @@ - [ ] [二分查找(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [二分查找(视频)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [详情](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [蓝图](https://leetcode.com/discuss/general-discussion/786126/python-powerful-ultimate-binary-search-template-solved-many-problems) + - [ ] [【复习】四分钟二分查找(视频)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] 实现: - 二分查找(在一个已排序好的整型数组中查找) - 迭代式二分查找 @@ -620,18 +695,14 @@ ## 树(Trees) -- ### 树 —— 笔记 & 背景 - - [ ] [系列:树(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) - - 基本的树形结构 - - 遍历 - - 操作算法 - - [ ] [BFS(广度优先检索,breadth-first search)和 DFS(深度优先检索,depth-first search)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) +- ### 树-介绍 + - [ ] [树的介绍(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) + - [ ] [树遍历(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/tree-traversal-fr51b) + - [ ] [BFS(广度优先搜索)和DFS(深度优先搜索)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) - BFS 笔记 - - 层序遍历(使用队列的 BFS 算法) + - 层次遍历(BFS,使用队列) - 时间复杂度: O(n) - - 空间复杂度: - - 最好情况:O(1) - - 最坏情况:O(n/2)=O(n) + - 空间复杂度:最佳情况:O(1),最坏情况:O(n/2)=O(n) - DFS 笔记: - 时间复杂度:O(n) - 空间复杂度: @@ -640,11 +711,12 @@ - 中序遍历(DFS:左、节点本身、右) - 后序遍历(DFS:左、右、节点本身) - 先序遍历(DFS:节点本身、左、右) + - [ ] [[复习]4分钟内的广度优先搜索(视频)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[复习] 4分钟内的深度优先搜索(视频)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[复习]11分钟内的树遍历(播放列表)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### 二叉查找树(Binary search trees):BSTs - - [ ] [二叉查找树概览(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [系列(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) - - 从符号表开始到 BST 程序 + - [ ] [二叉搜索树复习(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [ ] [介绍(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) - [ ] [MIT(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) - C/C++: @@ -659,12 +731,12 @@ - [ ] [从二叉查找树中删除一个节点(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) - [ ] [二叉查找树中序遍历的后继者(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - [ ] 实现: - - [ ] insert // 往树上插值 + - [ ] [insert // 将值插入树中](https://leetcode.com/problems/insert-into-a-binary-search-tree/submissions/987660183/) - [ ] get_node_count // 查找树上的节点数 - [ ] print_values // 从小到大打印树中节点的值 - [ ] delete_tree - [ ] is_in_tree // 如果值存在于树中则返回 true - - [ ] get_height // 返回节点所在的高度(如果只有一个节点,那么高度则为1) + - [ ] [get_height // 以节点为单位返回高度(单个节点的高度为1)](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/find-the-maximum-depth-or-height-of-a-tree/) - [ ] get_min // 返回树上的最小值 - [ ] get_max // 返回树上的最大值 - [ ] is_binary_search_tree @@ -672,21 +744,21 @@ - [ ] get_successor // 返回给定值的后继者,若没有则返回-1 - ### 堆(Heap) / 优先级队列(Priority Queue) / 二叉堆(Binary Heap) - - 可视化是一棵树,但通常是以线性的形式存储(数组、链表) - - [ ] [堆](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) - - [ ] [介绍(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) - - [ ] [简单的实现(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - 以树形结构可视化,但通常在存储上是线性的(数组、链表) + - [ ] [堆(Heap)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) + - [ ] [堆简介(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/introduction-2OpTs) - [ ] [二叉树(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) - - [ ] [关于树高的讨论(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) + - [ ] [树高度备注(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) - [ ] [基本操作(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) - [ ] [完全二叉树(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) - [ ] [伪代码(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) - - [ ] [堆排序 —— 跳到起点(视频)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) - - [ ] [堆排序(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) - - [ ] [构建一个堆(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) - - [ ] [MIT:堆与堆排序(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24:优先级队列(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - - [ ] [构建线性时间复杂度的堆(大顶堆)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [堆排序 - 跳转到开始部分(视频)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [堆排序(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/heap-sort-hSzMO) + - [ ] [构建堆(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/building-a-heap-dwrOS) + - [ ] [MIT:堆和堆排序(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24:优先队列(视频)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) + - [ ] [线性时间构建堆(大顶堆)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[复习] 13分钟了解堆(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] 实现一个大顶堆: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up —— 用于插入元素 @@ -714,17 +786,27 @@ - [链表的归并排序](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) - 关于堆排序,请查看前文堆的数据结构部分。堆排序很强大,不过是非稳定排序。 + - [ ] [Sedgewick ── 归并排序(5个视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) - - [ ] 1. 归并排序 - - [ ] 2. 自下而上的归并排序 - - [ ] 3. 排序复杂度 - - [ ] 4. 比较器 - - [ ] 5. 稳定性 + - [ ] [1. 归并排序(Mergesort)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/mergesort-ARWDq) + - [ ] [2. 自底向上的归并排序(Bottom up Mergesort)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) + - [ ] [3. 排序复杂性(Sorting Complexity)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/sorting-complexity-xAltF) + - [ ] [4. 比较器(Comparators)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/comparators-9FYhS) + - [ ] [5. 稳定性(Stability)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) + - [ ] [Sedgewick ── 快速排序(4个视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) - - [ ] 1. 快速排序 - - [ ] 2. 选择 - - [ ] 3. 重复键值 - - [ ] 4. 系统排序 + - [ ] [1. 快速排序(Quicksort)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/quicksort-vjvnC) + - [ ] [2. 选择排序(Selection)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/selection-UQxFT) + - [ ] [3. 重复键(Duplicate Keys)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/duplicate-keys-XvjPd) + - [ ] [4. 系统排序(System Sorts)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/system-sorts-QBNZ7) + +- [ ] 加州大学伯克利分校: + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29:排序 I(视频)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30:排序 II(视频)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32:排序 III(视频)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33:排序 V(视频)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014-04-21:基数排序(视频)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_pvbBMd-3NoI) + - [ ] [冒泡排序(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - [ ] [冒泡排序分析(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - [ ] [插入排序 & 归并排序(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) @@ -742,6 +824,14 @@ - [ ] [实现(C语言)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [实现(Python语言)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] 实现: - [ ] 归并:平均和最差情况的时间复杂度为 O(n log n)。 - [ ] 快排:平均时间复杂度为 O(n log n)。 @@ -762,11 +852,12 @@ - [ ] [随机算法: 矩阵相乘, 快排, Freivalds' 算法(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [线性时间内的排序(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) -总结一下,这是[15种排序算法](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg)的可视化表示。如果你需要有关此主题的更多详细信息,请参阅“[一些主题的额外内容](#一些主题的额外内容)”中的“排序”部分。 +总结一下,这是[15种排序算法](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg)的可视化表示。 +如果你需要有关此主题的更多详细信息,请参阅“[一些主题的额外内容](#一些主题的额外内容)”中的“排序”部分。 ## 图(Graphs) -图论能解决计算机科学里的很多问题,所以这一节会比较长,像树和排序的部分一样。 +图表可以用来表示计算机科学中的许多问题,所以这一部分很长,就像树和排序一样。 - 笔记: - 有4种基本方式在内存里表示一个图: @@ -793,17 +884,18 @@ - [ ] 图 (复习和其他): - [ ] [6.006 单源最短路径问题(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra 算法(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford 算法(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) - - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra 效率优化(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) - - [ ] [Aduni: 图的算法 I - 拓扑排序,最小生成树,Prim 算法 - 第六课(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Aduni: 图的算法 II - 深度优先搜索, 广度优先搜索, Kruskal 算法, 并查集数据结构 - 第七课(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) - - [ ] [Aduni: 图的算法 III: 最短路径 - 第八课(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) - - [ ] [Aduni: 图的算法. IV: 几何算法介绍 - 第九课(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014 (从 58:09 开始)(视频)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: 加权图(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) - - [ ] [贪心算法: 最小生成树(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [图的算法之强连通分量 Kosaraju 算法(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra算法(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSHizBK9JD8&t=1731s&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford算法(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9cVS_URPc0&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [ ] [6.006 加速Dijkstra算法(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + - [ ] [Aduni:图算法 I - 拓扑排序,最小生成树,Prim算法 - 讲座6(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Aduni:图算法 II - DFS,BFS,Kruskal算法,Union Find数据结构 - 讲座7(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) + - [ ] [Aduni:图算法 III:最短路径 - 讲座8(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + - [ ] [Aduni:图算法 IV:几何算法入门 - 讲座9(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014:加权图(视频)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) + - [ ] [贪婪算法:最小生成树(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [强连通分量Kosaraju算法图算法(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[复习] 最短路径算法(播放列表)16分钟(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[复习] 最小生成树(播放列表)4分钟(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - 完整的 Coursera 课程: - [ ] [图的算法(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -824,8 +916,6 @@ - [ ] 列出强连通分量 - [ ] 检查双向图 -可以从 Skiena 的书(参考下面的书推荐小节)和面试书籍中学习更多关于图的实践。 - ## 更多知识 - ### 递归(Recursion) @@ -838,21 +928,26 @@ - 尾递归会更好么? - [ ] [什么是尾递归以及为什么它如此糟糕?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - [ ] [尾递归(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) + - [ ] [解决任何递归问题的5个简单步骤(视频)](https://youtu.be/ngCos392W4w) + 回溯蓝图: [Java](https://leetcode.com/problems/combination-sum/discuss/16502/A-general-approach-to-backtracking-questions-in-Java-(Subsets-Permutations-Combination-Sum-Palindrome-Partitioning)) + [Python](https://leetcode.com/problems/combination-sum/discuss/429538/General-Backtracking-questions-solutions-in-Python-for-reference-%3A) - ### 动态规划(Dynamic Programming) - - 在你的面试中或许没有任何动态规划的问题,但能够知道一个题目可以使用动态规划来解决是很重要的。 + - 在你的面试中或许没有任何动态规划的问题, + 但能够知道一个题目可以使用动态规划来解决是很重要的。 - 这一部分会有点困难,每个可以用动态规划解决的问题都必须先定义出递推关系,要推导出来可能会有点棘手。 - 我建议先阅读和学习足够多的动态规划的例子,以便对解决 DP 问题的一般模式有个扎实的理解。 - [ ] 视频: - - Skiena 的视频可能会有点难跟上,有时候他用白板写的字会比较小,难看清楚。 - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - 课程 19 - 动态规划介绍(视频)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - 课程 20 - 编辑距离(视频)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - 课程 21 - 动态规划举例(视频)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - 课程 22 - 动态规划应用(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) - - [ ] [Simonson: 动态规划 0 (starts at 59:18)(视频)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) - - [ ] [Simonson: 动态规划 I - 课程 11(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Simonson: 动态规划 II - 课程 12(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) - - [ ] 单独的 DP 问题 (每一个视频都很短):[动态规划(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + - [ ] [Skiena:CSE373 2020 - 讲座19 - 动态规划简介(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wAA0AMfcJHQ&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=18) + - [ ] [Skiena:CSE373 2020 - 讲座20 - 编辑距离(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3A4jlHlhtA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=19) + - [ ] [Skiena:CSE373 2020 - 讲座20 - 编辑距离(续)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPnPVcZmRbE&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=20) + - [ ] [Skiena:CSE373 2020 - 讲座21 - 动态规划(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xPE4Wq8coQ&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=21) + - [ ] [Skiena:CSE373 2020 - 讲座22 - 动态规划和复习(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yh3RzqQGsyI&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson:动态规划 0(从59:18开始)(视频)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson:动态规划 I - 第11讲(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Simonson:动态规划 II - 第12讲(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] 单独的动态规划问题列表(每个都很短): + [动态规划(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) - [ ] 耶鲁课程笔记: - [ ] [动态规划](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) - [ ] Coursera 课程: @@ -864,10 +959,6 @@ - [ ] [全局成对序列排列(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) - [ ] [本地成对序列排列(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) -- ### 面向对象编程 - - 可选:[UML 2.0系列(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) - - SOLID 面向对象编程原则:[SOLID 原则(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) - - ### 设计模式 - [ ] [UML 统一建模语言概览 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) - [ ] 主要有如下的设计模式: @@ -888,14 +979,10 @@ - [ ] 迭代器模式(iterator) - [ ] 组合模式(composite) - [ ] 享元模式(flyweight) - - [ ] [第六章 (第 1 部分 ) - 设计模式 (视频)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) - - [ ] [第六章 (第 2 部分 ) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] [第六章 (第 3 部分 ) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - [ ] [系列视频(27个)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) - - [ ] [Head First 设计模型](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) - - 尽管《设计模式:可复用面向对象软件的基础》才是这方面的经典,但是我还是认为Head First对于新手更加友好。 - - [ ] [实际操作:设计模式和对入门开发者的建议](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) - - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) + - [ ] [书籍:《Head First设计模式》](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) + - I know the canonical book is "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", but Head First is great for beginners to OO. + - [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) - ### 组合(Combinatorics) (n 中选 k 个) & 概率(Probability) - [ ] [数据技巧: 如何找出阶乘、排列和组合(选择)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) @@ -907,19 +994,21 @@ - 只有视频 - 41 (每一个都短小精悍): - [ ] [概率解释(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) -- ### NP, NP-完全和近似算法 - - 知道最经典的一些 NP 完全问题,比如旅行商问题和背包问题,而且能在面试官试图忽悠你的时候识别出他们。 - - 知道 NP 完全是什么意思. +- ### NP, NP-Completeness和近似算法 + - 知道最经典的一些 NP-Completeness 问题,比如旅行商问题和背包问题, + 而且能在面试官试图忽悠你的时候识别出他们。 + - 知道 NP-Completeness 是什么意思. - [ ] [计算复杂度(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) - [ ] Simonson: - - [ ] [贪心算法. II & 介绍 NP-完全性(视频)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) - - [ ] [NP-完全性 II & 归约(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [NP-完全性 III(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [NP-完全性 IV(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) + - [ ] [贪心算法. II & 介绍 NP-Completeness(视频)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [NP-Completeness II & 归约(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP-Completeness III(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP-Completeness IV(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) - [ ] Skiena: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 23 - 介绍 NP-完全性 IV(视频)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 24 - NP-完全性证明(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 25 - NP-完全性挑战(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 23 - 介绍 NP-Completeness IV(视频)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 24 - NP-Completeness证明(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 25 - NP-Completeness挑战(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020年 - 第26讲 - NP-Completeness挑战(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EzetTkG_Cc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=26) - [ ] [复杂度: P, NP, NP-完全性, 规约(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) - [ ] [复杂度: 近视算法 Algorithms(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) - [ ] [复杂度: 固定参数算法(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) @@ -927,6 +1016,13 @@ - [Jupyter 笔记本](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) - 《算法导论》(CLRS)的第 1048 - 1140 页。 +- ### 计算机如何处理程序 + + - [ ] [CPU如何执行程序(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + - [ ] [计算机如何进行计算 - 算术逻辑单元(视频)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + - [ ] [寄存器和RAM(视频)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [ ] [中央处理器(CPU)(视频)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [ ] [指示和程序(视频)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) - ### 缓存(Cache) - [ ] LRU 缓存: - [ ] [LRU 的魔力 (100 Days of Google Dev)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) @@ -961,8 +1057,9 @@ - 线程资源需要(在同一个进程内和其他线程共享以上(除了栈)的资源,但是每个线程都有独立的程序计数器、栈计数器、寄存器和栈) - Fork 操作是真正的写时复制(只读),直到新的进程写到内存中,才会生成一份新的拷贝。 - 上下文切换 - - 操作系统和底层硬件是如何初始化上下文切换的? + - [操作系统和底层硬件如何启动上下文切换?](https://www.javatpoint.com/what-is-the-context-switching-in-the-operating-system) - [ ] [C++ 的线程 (系列 - 10 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] [CS 377 春季'14:马萨诸塞大学的操作系统](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLacuG5pysFbDQU8kKxbUh4K5c1iL5_k7k) - [ ] Python 的并发 (视频): - [ ] [线程系列](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) - [ ] [Python 线程](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) @@ -982,16 +1079,11 @@ - [ ] [James Bach 软件测试公开课(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) - [ ] [Steve Freeman - 测试驱动的开发(视频)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) - [slides](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) - - [ ] [Python:测试驱动的 Web 开发](http://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/pages/book.html#toc) - [ ] 依赖注入: - [ ] [视频](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) - [ ] [测试之道](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) - [ ] [如何编写测试](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) -- ### 调度 - - 在操作系统中是如何运作的 - - 在操作系统部分的视频里有很多资料 - - ### 字符串搜索和操作 - [ ] [Sedgewick──后缀数组(Suffix Arrays)(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) - [ ] [Sedgewick──子字符串搜寻(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) @@ -1023,9 +1115,7 @@ - [ ] [MIT,高阶数据结构,字符串(视频中间有点困难)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - ### 浮点数 - - - [ ] 简单8位:[浮点数的表示形式-1(视频──计算中存在错误,请参见视频说明)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) - - [ ] 32位:[IEEE754 32位浮点二进制(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + - [ ] 简单的8位: [浮点数的表示 - 1(视频 - 计算中有错误 - 请查看视频描述)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) - ### Unicode - [ ] [每一个软件开发者的绝对最低限度,必须要知道的关于 Unicode 和字符集知识](http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) @@ -1055,247 +1145,67 @@ - [Java──套接字──介绍(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) - [套接字编程(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) -## 系统设计、可伸缩性、数据处理 +--- -**如果你已经拥有了4年以上的编程经验,那你可以来看看有关系统设计的问题** - -- 系统设计以及可伸缩性,要把软硬件的伸缩性设计的足够好有很多的东西要考虑,所以这是个包含非常多内容和资源的大主题。要花费相当多的时间在这个主题上。 -- 考量: - - 伸缩性 - - 把大数据集提取为单一值 - - 大数据集转换 - - 处理大量的数据集 - - 系统 - - 功能集 - - 接口 - - 类层次结构 - - 在特定的约束下设计系统 - - 轻量和健壮性 - - 权衡和折衷 - - 性能分析和优化 -- [ ] **从这里开始**:[系统设计入门](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) -- [ ] [HiredInTech:系统设计](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) -- [ ] [该如何为技术面试里设计方面的问题做准备?](https://www.quora.comHow-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) -- [ ] [在系统设计面试前必须知道的 8 件事](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/228-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) -- [ ] [算法设计](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) -- [ ] [数据库范式 - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) -- [ ] [系统设计面试](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - 这一部分有很多的资源浏览一下我放在下面的文章和例子。 -- [ ] [如何在系统设计面试中脱颖而出](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) -- [ ] [每个人都该知道的一些数字](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17numbers-everyone-should-know/) -- [ ] [上下文切换操作会耗费多少时间?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) -- [ ] [跨数据中心的事务(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) -- [ ] [简明 CAP 理论介绍](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) -- [ ] 共识算法: - - [ ] Paxos:[Paxos协议──Computerphile(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) - - [ ] Raft: [Raft 分布式共识算法简介(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) - - [ ] [易于阅读的论文](https://raft.github.io/) - - [ ] [信息图] -- [ ] [一致性哈希](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) -- [ ] [NoSQL 模式](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) -- [ ] 可伸缩性: - - 你不需要知道所有这些。只需挑选一些你感兴趣的东西即可。 - - [ ] [很棒的概述(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) - - [ ] 简短系列: - - [克隆](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) - - [数据库](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) - - [缓存](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) - - [异步](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) - - [ ] [可伸缩的 Web 架构和分布式系统](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) - - [ ] [错误的分布式系统解释](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) - - [ ] [实用编程技术](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) - - [extra: Google Pregel 图形处理](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) - - [ ] [Jeff Dean - 在 Goolge 构建软件系统(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) - - [ ] [可伸缩系统架构设计介绍](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) - - [ ] [使用 App Engine 和云存储扩展面向全球用户的手机游戏架构实践(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) - - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) - - [ ] [算法的重要性](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) - - [ ] [分片(Sharding)](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) - - [ ] [Facebook 系统规模扩展实践 (2012), "为 10 亿用户构建"(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) - - [ ] [Long Game 工程实践 - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) - - [ ] [30 分钟看完 YouTuBe 7 年系统扩展经验](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) - - [视频](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) - - [ ] [PayPal 如何用 8 台虚拟机扛住 10 亿日交易量系统](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) - - [ ] [如何对大数据集去重](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) - - [ ] [Etsy 的扩展和工程文化探究 Jon Cowie(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) - - [ ] [是什么造就了 Amazon 自己的微服务架构](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) - - [ ] [压缩还是不压缩,是 Uber 面临的问题](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) - - [ ] [异步 I/O Tarantool 队列](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) - - [ ] [什么时候应该用近似查询处理?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) - - [ ] [Google 从单数据中心到故障转移, 到本地多宿主架构的演变](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) - - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) - - [ ] [Egnyte: 构建和扩展 PB 级分布式系统架构的经验教训](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html) - - [ ] [机器学习驱动的编程: 新世界的新编程方式](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) - - [ ] [日服务数百万请求的图像优化技术](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) - - [ ] [Patreon 架构](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) - - [ ] [Tinder: 推荐引擎是如何决定下一个你将会看到谁的?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) - - [ ] [现代缓存设计](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) - - [ ] [Facebook 实时视频流扩展](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) - - [ ] [在 Amazon AWS 上把服务扩展到 1100 万量级的新手教程](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) - - [ ] [对延时敏感的应用是否应该使用 Docker?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) - - [ ] [360 度解读 Netflix 技术栈](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) - - [ ] [延迟无处不在 - 如何搞定它?](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) - - [ ] [无服务器架构](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) - - [ ] [是什么驱动着 Instagram: 上百个实例、几十种技术](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) - - [ ] [Cinchcast 架构 - 每天处理 1500 小时的音频](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) - - [ ] [Justin.Tv 实时视频播放架构](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) - - [ ] [Playfish's 社交游戏架构 - 每月五千万用户增长](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) - - [ ] [猫途鹰架构 - 40 万访客, 200 万动态页面访问, 30TB 数据](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) - - [ ] [PlentyOfFish 架构](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) - - [ ] [Salesforce 架构 - 如何扛住 13 亿日交易量](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) - - [ ] [ESPN's 架构扩展](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) - - [ ] 下面“消息传递,序列化和队列系统”部分的内容会提到什么样的技术能把各种服务整合到一起 - - [ ] Twitter: - - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter"(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) - - [时间线的扩展](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) - - 更多内容可以查看[视频系列部分](#视频系列)的“大规模数据挖掘”视频系列。 -- [ ] 系统设计问题练习:下面有一些指导原则,每一个都有相关文档以及在现实中该如何处理。 - - 复习: [系统设计入门](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) - - [HiredInTech 的系统设计](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [备忘单](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - - 流程: - 1. 理解问题和范围: - - 在面试官的帮助下定义用例 - - 提出附加功能的建议 - - 去掉面试官认定范围以外的内容 - - 假定高可用是必须的,而且要作为一个用例 - 2. 考虑约束: - - 问一下每月请求量 - - 问一下每秒请求量 (他们可能会主动提到或者让你算一下) - - 评估读写所占的百分比 - - 评估的时候牢记 2/8 原则 - - 每秒写多少数据 - - 总的数据存储量要考虑超过 5 年的情况 - - 每秒读多少数据 - 3. 抽象设计: - - 分层 (服务, 数据, 缓存) - - 基础设施: 负载均衡, 消息 - - 粗略的概括任何驱动整个服务的关键算法 - - 考虑瓶颈并指出解决方案 - - 练习: - - [设计一个 CDN 网络](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) - - [设计一个随机唯一 ID 生成系统](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) - - [设计一个在线多人卡牌游戏](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) - - [设计一个键值数据库](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) - - [设计一个图片分享系统](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) - - [设计一个推荐系统](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) - - [设计一个短域名生成系统](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) - - [设计一个缓存系统](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) +## 最终复习 + + 本节将包含一系列短视频,您可以迅速观看,以便复习大部分重要概念。 + 如果您经常需要温习知识,这会很有帮助。 + +- [ ] 一系列2-3分钟的短主题视频(共23个视频) + - [视频链接](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] 一系列2-5分钟的短主题视频 - Michael Sambol(共48个视频): + - [视频链接](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [代码示例](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) +- [ ] [Sedgewick的算法课程视频 - 算法I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) +- [ ] [Sedgewick的算法课程视频 - 算法II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) --- -## 终面 +## 更新你的简历 - 这一部分有一些短视频,你可以快速的观看和复习大多数重要概念。 - 这对经常性的巩固很有帮助。 +- 在书籍《Cracking The Coding Interview》和《Programming Interviews Exposed》中查看简历准备信息。 +- [“这就是一个优秀简历的样子” by Gayle McDowell(《Cracking the Coding Interview》的作者)](https://www.careercup.com/resume), + - 作者备注:“这是针对美国的简历。印度和其他国家的简历有不同的期望,尽管许多要点是相同的。” +- [“逐步简历指南” by Tech Interview Handbook](https://www.techinterviewhandbook.org/resume/guide) + - 详细指南,教您如何从零开始设置您的简历,编写有效的简历内容,优化它,并测试您的简历。 -- [ ] 2-3分钟的简短主题视频系列(23个视频) - - [视频](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] 2-5分钟的简短主题视频系列──Michael Sambol (38个视频): - - [视频](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) -- [ ] [Sedgewick 视频 ── 算法I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) -- [ ] [Sedgewick 视频 ── 算法II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) +## 面试流程与一般面试准备 -## 编程问题练习 - -现在你已经了解了上面所有的计算机科学主题,是时候练习回答编程问题了。 - -**编程问题的实践并不是要记住编程问题的答案**。 - -为什么需要练习编程问题: - -- 快速识别问题,以及如何应用正确的数据结构及算法 -- 收集问题的要求 -- 像在面试中一样谈论问题 -- 在白板或纸上而非计算机上编码 -- 计算解决方案的时间和空间的复杂性 -- 测试你的解决方案 - -这里有个很棒的入门教学,内容是如何在面试中有条不紊,并且有互动沟通地解决问题。这种能力可以从面试书籍中获得,但我觉得这个也很棒:[算法设计画布](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/)。 - -家里没有白板?那讲得通。我是一个怪人,有一个很大的白板。从白板商店买了一个大的绘图板,而不是白板。你可以坐在沙发上练习。这是我的“沙发白板”。我在照片中添加了笔以便进行缩放。如果你使用笔,则希望可以擦除。快速变得凌乱。我用铅笔和橡皮擦。 - -![我的沙发白板](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) - -补充: - -- [Topcoder的数学](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) -- [动态编程──从新手到高级](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) -- [MIT 面试材料](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) - -**阅读并练习编程问题(按此顺序)**: - -- [ ] [编程面试公开:下一份工作的秘密,第二版](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) - - C,C ++ 和 Java 的答案 -- [ ] [破解编码面试,第六版](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - Java 答案 - -请参阅上方的[书单](#书单)。 - -## 编程练习和挑战 - -一旦你学会了理论基础,就应该把它们拿出来练练。 -尽量坚持每天做编码练习,越多越好。 - -- [如何找到解决方案](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) -- [如何剖析 Topcoder 题目描述](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) - -编码面试问题视频: - -- [IDeserve(88个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) -- [Tushar Roy(5个播放列表)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) - - 超级解决问题的方法 -- [Nick White──LeetCode 解题(187个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) - - 良好的解决方案和代码解释 - - 你可以在短时间内看好几个 -- [FisherCoder──LeetCode 解题](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) - -编码练习平台: - -- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) - - 我最喜欢的编码问题网站,值得你准备的1-2个月的订阅费用 - - [FisherCoder 的 LeetCode 解题](https://github.com/fishercoder1534/Leetcode) - - 请参阅上面的 Nick White 视频,以获得简短的代码 -- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) -- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) -- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) -- [http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) -- [Project Euler (数学方向为主)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) -- [Code Exercises](https://code-exercises.com/) -- [Scaler Topics](https://www.scaler.com/topics/) - -语言学习网站,附带编码挑战: - -- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) -- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) -- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) -- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) -- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) - -编码挑战项目: - -- [Python 交互式编码面试挑战](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) +- [ ] [如何在2021年通过工程师面试](https://davidbyttow.medium.com/how-to-pass-the-engineering-interview-in-2021-45f1b389a1) +- [ ] [揭秘技术招聘过程](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] 如何在四大科技巨头公司中找到工作: + - [ ] [如何在四大科技巨头公司中找到工作 - 亚马逊、Facebook、谷歌和微软(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) + - [ ] [如何在四大科技巨头公司中找到工作1(后续视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6790FVXWBw8&feature=youtu.be) +- [ ] 《破解编程面试》第一集: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [与作者Gayle Laakmann McDowell一起破解编程面试(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] 破解Facebook编程面试: + - [ ] [方法论](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) + - [ ] [问题演示](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) +- 面试准备课程: + - [数据结构、算法和面试的Python课程(付费课程):](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - 以Python为中心的面试准备课程,涵盖数据结构、算法、模拟面试等内容。 + - [使用Python的数据结构和算法简介(Udacity免费课程):](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): + - 一个免费的以Python为中心的数据结构和算法课程。 + - [数据结构和算法纳米学位!(Udacity付费纳米学位):](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): + - 提供超过100个数据结构和算法练习的实际操作体验,并得到专属导师的指导,以帮助您为面试和实际工作做准备。 + - [Grokking行为面试(Educative免费课程):](https://www.educative.io/courses/grokking-the-behavioral-interview): + - 很多时候,阻碍您获得梦想工作的不是您的技术能力,而是您在行为面试中的表现。 + - [AlgoMonster(付费课程,提供免费内容):)](https://algo.monster/?utm_campaign=jwasham&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=coding-interview-university&utm_source=github): + - LeetCode的速成课程。涵盖了从成千上万的问题中提炼出的所有模式。 模拟面试: - -- [Gainlo.co:来自大公司的模拟面试官](http://www.gainlo.co/#!/)──我使用了它,它帮助我减轻了电话屏幕和现场面试的压力 -- [Pramp:模拟来自/与同行的面试](https://www.pramp.com/)──点对点方式练习面试 -- [Refdash:模拟面试和加急面试](https://refdash.com/)──跳过与科技公司的多次面试,帮助求职者快速追踪 -- [interviewing.io:与高级工程师进行模拟面试](https://interviewing.io/)──与来自 FAANG(译者注:Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix and Google) 的高级工程师进行匿名算法/系统设计面试。 - -## 当你临近面试时 - -- 搞定代码面试──第二集 (视频): - - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) - - [Cracking the Coding Interview - 全栈系列](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) - -## 你的简历 - -- 请参阅“破解编码面试”和“编程面试的背面”中的建立准备项。 - +- [Gainlo.co:来自大公司的模拟面试官](http://www.gainlo.co/#!/) - 我用过这个,帮助我放松进行电话和现场面试。 +- [Pramp:与同行进行模拟面试](https://www.pramp.com/) - 同行模式的实践面试。 +- [interviewing.io:与资深工程师进行模拟面试 ](https://interviewing.io) - 匿名算法/系统设计面试,与FAANG公司的资深工程师进行。 +- [Meetapro:与顶级FAANG面试官进行模拟面试 ](https://meetapro.com/?utm_source=ciu) - 类似Airbnb的模拟面试/指导平台。 +- [Hello Interview:与专家教练和人工智能模拟面试](https://www.hellointerview.com/?utm_source=ciu) - 直接与人工智能或 FAANG 员工工程师和经理面试。 + ## 当面试来临的时候 -随着下面列举的问题思考下你可能会遇到的 20 个面试问题,每个问题准备 2-3 种回答。准备点故事,不要只是摆一些你完成的事情的数据,相信我,人人都喜欢听故事。 +随着下面列举的问题思考下你可能会遇到的 20 个面试问题,每个问题准备 2-3 种回答。 +准备点故事,不要只是摆一些你完成的事情的数据,相信我,人人都喜欢听故事。 - 你为什么想得到这份工作? - 你解决过的最有难度的问题是什么? @@ -1312,7 +1222,7 @@ ## 问面试官的问题 - 我会问的一些:(可能我已经知道了答案但我想听听面试官的看法或者了解团队的前景): +我会问的一些:(可能我已经知道了答案但我想听听面试官的看法或者了解团队的前景): - 团队多大规模? - 开发周期是怎样的? 会使用瀑布流/极限编程/敏捷开发么? @@ -1337,10 +1247,11 @@ ***************************************************************************************************** ***************************************************************************************************** - + 下面的内容都是可选的。 - 通过学习这些内容,你将会得到更多的有关 CS 的概念,并将为所有的软件工程工作做更好的准备。你将会成为一个更全面的软件工程师。 - + 通过学习这些内容,你将会得到更多的有关 CS 的概念,并将为所有的软件工程工作做更好的准备。 + 你将会成为一个更全面的软件工程师。 + ***************************************************************************************************** ***************************************************************************************************** @@ -1360,7 +1271,6 @@ - [设计模式:可复用面向对象软件的基础](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) - 也被称为“四人帮”(Gang of Four(GOF)) - 经典设计模式书籍 -- [Linux 和 UNIX 系统管理技术手册(第五版)](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0134277554/) - [算法设计手冊(Skiena)](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) - 作为复习以及问题辨别 - 这本书中算法的部分难度已经超过面试会出现的 @@ -1379,12 +1289,10 @@ - 我即将着手进行这部分,一旦完成这部分我会再更新上来 - 可以在 kindle 上租 - 解答: - - [解答](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) - - [解答](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [解答](https://web.archive.org/web/20150404194210/http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) - [勘误表](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) - +- [算法](http://jeffe.cs.illinois.edu/teaching/algorithms/) (Jeff Erickson) - [编程卓越之道(第一卷):深入理解计算机](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) - - 该书于2004年出版,虽然有些过时,但是对于简单了解计算机而言,这是一个了不起的资源 - 作者发明了[高阶组合语言 HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly),所以提到,并且举了一些HLA的例子。里面没有用到很多,但都是很棒的组合语言的例子。 - 这些章节值得阅读,为你提供良好的基础: @@ -1397,22 +1305,130 @@ - 第9章──CPU体系结构 - 第10章──指令集架构 - 第11章──内存体系结构和组织 - -- [算法导论](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) +- [算法导论](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-fourth-Thomas-Cormen/dp/026204630X) - **重要提示**:读这本书的价值有限。本书很好地回顾了算法和数据结构,但不会教你如何编写良好的代码。你必须能够有效地编写一个不错的解决方案 - 又称 CLR,有时是 CLRS,因为 Stein 最后才加入 +- [计算机体系结构,第六版:定量方法](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + - 对于更丰富、更时新(2017年)但较长的处理方式 + +## 系统设计、可扩展性和数据处理 + +**如果您有4年以上的工作经验,可以预期会遇到系统设计问题。** + +- 可扩展性和系统设计是一个非常广泛的主题,涵盖了许多内容和资源, +因为在设计一个可以扩展的软件/硬件系统时需要考虑很多因素。 +预计需要花费相当多的时间来学习这方面的知识。 +- 考虑要点: + - 可扩展性 + - 将大数据集归纳为单一值 + - 将一个数据集转换为另一个数据集 + - 处理海量数据 + - 系统设计 + - 功能集 + - 接口 + - 类层次结构 + - 在特定约束下设计系统 + - 简单性和鲁棒性 + - 权衡 + - 性能分析和优化 +- [ ] **从这里开始**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [HiredInTech的系统设计](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] [如何准备回答技术面试中的设计问题?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) +- [ ] [通过8个步骤掌握系统设计面试](https://javascript.plainenglish.io/8-steps-guide-to-ace-a-system-design-interview-7a5a797f4d7d) +- [ ] [数据库规范化 - 第一范式、第二范式、第三范式和第四范式(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) +- [ ] [系统设计面试 ](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - 这个资源有很多内容。浏览文章和示例。我列出了一些示例在下面。 +- [ ] [如何在系统设计面试中脱颖而出](https://web.archive.org/web/20120716060051/http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +- [ ] [每个人都应该了解的数字](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) +- [ ] [进行上下文切换需要多长时间?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) +- [ ] [跨数据中心的事务(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) +- [ ] [CAP定理的简明英文介绍](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem) +- [ ] [MIT 6.824:分布式系统,2020年春季(20个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQP8WApzIQQ&list=PLrw6a1wE39_tb2fErI4-WkMbsvGQk9_UB) +- [ ] 共识算法: + - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos协议 - Computerphile(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ ] Raft - [Raft分布式共识算法简介(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + - [ ] [易于理解的论文](https://raft.github.io/) + - [ ] [信息图](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) +- [ ] [一致性哈希](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) +- [ ] [NoSQL模式](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) +- [ ] 可扩展性: + - 您不需要掌握所有这些内容,只需选择一些您感兴趣的。 + - [ ] [优秀的概述(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] 短系列: + - [克隆](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [数据库](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [缓存](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [异步性](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [可扩展的Web架构和分布式系统](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) + - [ ] [分布式计算的谬误解释](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + - [ ] [Jeff Dean - 在Google构建软件系统以及吸取的教训(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + - [ ] [架构师为规模而设计的介绍](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) + - [ ] [缩放移动游戏以面向全球受众使用App Engine和Cloud Datastore(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + - [ ] [谷歌是如何进行面向全球基础设施的大规模工程的(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + - [ ] [算法的重要性](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/The%20Importance%20of%20Algorithms) + - [ ] [分片](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [针对长期目标的工程 - Astrid Atkinson主题演讲(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + - [ ] [在30分钟内了解YouTube 7年的可扩展性经验](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) + - [视频](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [PayPal如何使用仅8台VM每天处理数十亿次交易](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) + - [ ] [如何在大型数据集中去重](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) + - [ ] [通过Jon Cowie深入了解Etsy的规模和工程文化(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + - [ ] [Amazon是如何转向自己的微服务架构的](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + - [ ] [压缩还是不压缩,这是Uber面临的问题](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) + - [ ] [何时应使用近似查询处理?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) + - [ ] [谷歌从单一数据中心到故障转移再到本地多家数据中心架构的转变]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [为每天处理数百万请求的图像优化技术](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) + - [ ] [Patreon架构简介](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + - [ ] [如何在Instagram庞大的推荐引擎中决定您将看到谁?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) + - [ ] [现代缓存设计](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + - [ ] [在Facebook规模下进行直播视频流](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + - [ ] [在亚马逊AWS上如何扩展到1100万以上的用户](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) + - [ ] [全面了解Netflix整个堆栈](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) + - [ ] [延迟无处不在,而且它会让您丧失销售机会 - 如何应对](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + - [ ] [Instagram的动力:数百个实例,几十种技术](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) + - [ ] [Salesforce架构 - 如何处理每天13亿次交易](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) + - [ ] [ESPN规模上的架构 - 每秒操作10万次“嘟嘟噜嘟嘟噜”](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + - [ ] 在下面的“消息、序列化和队列系统”部分查看一些将服务连接在一起的技术信息 + - [ ] Twitter: + - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + - [时间轴扩展](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) + - 欲知更多信息,请参阅[Video Series](#video-series) 部分中的“Mining Massive Datasets”视频系列 +- [ ] 练习系统设计过程:以下是一些建议您在纸上尝试的想法,每个想法都有一些关于如何在现实世界中处理的文档: + - 复习: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [HiredInTech的系统设计](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [速查表](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - 流程: + 1. 理解问题和范围: + - 定义用例,与面试官的帮助 + - 提出额外的功能 + - 移除面试官认为超出范围的项目 + - 假设需要高可用性,并将其添加为用例 + 2. 考虑限制: + - 询问每月有多少个请求 + - 询问每秒有多少个请求(他们可能会主动提供或让您计算) + - 估计读取与写入的百分比 + - 保持估计时考虑80/20法则 + - 每秒写入多少数据 + - 在5年内所需的总存储量 + - 每秒读取多少数据 + 3. 抽象设计: + - 层(服务、数据、缓存) + - 基础架构:负载均衡、消息传递 + - 驱动服务的任何关键算法的粗略概述 + - 考虑瓶颈并确定解决方案 + - 练习: + - [设计一个随机唯一ID生成系统](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) + - [设计一个键值数据库](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) + - [设计一个图片分享系统](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + - [设计一个推荐系统](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + - [设计一个URL缩短系统:来自上面的复制](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + - [设计一个缓存系统](https://web.archive.org/web/20220217064329/https://adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) -- [计算机体系结构:量化研究方法(第6版)](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) - - 更丰富、更新(2017年),但篇幅较长 -- [编程珠矶](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) - - 前几章介绍了解决编程问题(非常古老,甚至还用数据磁带)的巧妙解决方案,但这只是一个介绍。这是关于程序设计和体系结构的指南 ## 附加学习 我把它们加进来是为了让你成为更全方位的软件工程师,并且留意一些技术以及算法,让你拥有更大的工具箱。 - ### 编译器 - - [编译器的工作方式,约1分钟(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) - [Harvard CS50-编译器(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) - [C ++(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) @@ -1437,7 +1453,8 @@ - [Emacs 教程 (初学者 -第 3 部分- 表达式, 声明, ~/.emacs 文件和包机制](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) - [Evil 模式: 或许, 我是怎样对 Emacs 路人转粉的 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) - [使用 Emacs 开发 C 程序](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) - - [(或许) 深度组织模式:管理结构 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) + - [Emacs 绝对初学者指南(David Wilson的视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48JlgiBpw_I&t=0s) + - [Emacs 绝对初学者指南(David Wilson 批注)](https://systemcrafters.net/emacs-essentials/absolute-beginners-guide-to-emacs/) - ### Unix 命令行工具 - 下列内容包含优秀工具 @@ -1540,9 +1557,7 @@ - [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) - ### A*搜索算法 - - [A 搜索算法](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) - - [A* 路径搜索教程(教程)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) - [A* 路径搜索(E01:算法解释)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) - ### 快速傅里叶变换 @@ -1576,22 +1591,36 @@ - ### 平衡查找树(Balanced search trees) - 掌握至少一种平衡查找树(并懂得如何实现): - - “在各种平衡查找树当中,AVL 树和2-3树已经成为了过去,而红黑树(red-black trees)看似变得越来越受人青睐。这种令人特别感兴趣的数据结构,亦称伸展树(splay tree)。它可以自我管理,且会使用轮换来移除任何访问过根节点的键。” —— Skiena - - 因此,在各种各样的平衡查找树当中,我选择了伸展树来实现。虽然,通过我的阅读,我发现在面试中并不会被要求实现一棵平衡查找树。但是,为了胜人一筹,我们还是应该看看如何去实现。在阅读了大量关于红黑树的代码后,我才发现伸展树的实现确实会使得各方面更为高效。 + - “在各种平衡查找树当中,AVL 树和2-3树已经成为了过去,而红黑树(red-black trees)看似变得越来越受人青睐。 + 这种令人特别感兴趣的数据结构,亦称伸展树(splay tree)。 + 它可以自我管理,且会使用轮换来移除任何访问过根节点的键。” —— Skiena + - 因此,在各种各样的平衡查找树当中,我选择了伸展树来实现。 + 虽然,通过我的阅读,我发现在面试中并不会被要求实现一棵平衡查找树。 + 但是,为了胜人一筹,我们还是应该看看如何去实现。在阅读了大量关于红黑树的代码后, + 我才发现伸展树的实现确实会使得各方面更为高效。 - 伸展树:插入、查找、删除函数的实现,而如果你最终实现了红黑树,那么请尝试一下: - 跳过删除函数,直接实现搜索和插入功能 - 我希望能阅读到更多关于 B 树的资料,因为它也被广泛地应用到大型的数据集当中。 - [自平衡二叉查找树](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) - **AVL 树** - - 实际中:我能告诉你的是,该种树并无太多的用途,但我能看到有用的地方在哪里:AVL 树是另一种平衡查找树结构。其可支持时间复杂度为 O(log n) 的查询、插入及删除。它比红黑树严格意义上更为平衡,从而导致插入和删除更慢,但遍历却更快。正因如此,才彰显其结构的魅力。只需要构建一次,就可以在不重新构造的情况下读取,适合于实现诸如语言字典(或程序字典,如一个汇编程序或解释程序的操作码)。 + - 实际中: + 我能告诉你的是,该种树并无太多的用途,但我能看到有用的地方在哪里: + AVL 树是另一种平衡查找树结构。其可支持时间复杂度为 O(log n) 的查询、插入及删除。 + 它比红黑树严格意义上更为平衡,从而导致插入和删除更慢,但遍历却更快。正因如此,才彰显其结构的魅力。 + 只需要构建一次,就可以在不重新构造的情况下读取, + 适合于实现诸如语言字典(或程序字典,如一个汇编程序或解释程序的操作码)。 - [MIT AVL 树 / AVL 树的排序(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) - [AVL 树(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [AVL 树的实现(视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [分离与合并](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - **伸展树** - - 实际中:伸展树一般用于缓存、内存分配者、路由器、垃圾回收者、数据压缩、ropes(字符串的一种替代品,用于存储长串的文本字符)、Windows NT(虚拟内存、网络及文件系统)等的实现。 + - 实际中: + 伸展树一般用于缓存、内存分配者、路由器、垃圾回收者、数据压缩、ropes + (字符串的一种替代品,用于存储长串的文本字符)、 + Windows NT(虚拟内存、网络及文件系统)等的实现。 - [CS 61B:伸展树(Splay trees)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Najzh1rYQTo&index=23&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) - MIT 教程:伸展树(Splay trees): - 该教程会过于学术,但请观看到最后的10分钟以确保掌握。 @@ -1599,21 +1628,34 @@ - **红黑树** - 这些是2-3棵树的翻译(请参见下文)。 - - 实际中:红黑树提供了在最坏情况下插入操作、删除操作和查找操作的时间保证。这些时间值的保障不仅对时间敏感型应用有用,例如实时应用,还对在其他数据结构中块的构建非常有用,而这些数据结构都提供了最坏情况下的保障;例如,许多用于计算几何学的数据结构都可以基于红黑树,而目前 Linux 内核所采用的完全公平调度器(the Completely Fair Scheduler)也使用到了该种树。在 Java 8中,Collection HashMap也从原本用Linked List实现,储存特定元素的哈希码,改为用红黑树实现。 + - 实际中:红黑树提供了在最坏情况下插入操作、删除操作和查找操作的时间保证。 + 这些时间值的保障不仅对时间敏感型应用有用,例如实时应用, + 还对在其他数据结构中块的构建非常有用, + 而这些数据结构都提供了最坏情况下的保障; + 例如,许多用于计算几何学的数据结构都可以基于红黑树, + 而目前 Linux 内核所采用的完全公平调度器(the Completely Fair Scheduler)也使用到了该种树。 + 在 Java 8中,Collection HashMap也从原本用Linked List实现, + 储存特定元素的哈希码,改为用红黑树实现。 - [Aduni —— 算法 —— 课程4(该链接直接跳到开始部分)(视频)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) - [Aduni —— 算法 —— 课程5(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [黑树(Black Tree)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [二分查找及红黑树的介绍](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - **2-3查找树** - - 实际中:2-3树的元素插入非常快速,但却有着查询慢的代价(因为相比较 AVL 树来说,其高度更高)。 + - 实际中: + 2-3树的元素插入非常快速,但却有着查询慢的代价(因为相比较 AVL 树来说,其高度更高)。 - 你会很少用到2-3树。这是因为,其实现过程中涉及到不同类型的节点。因此,人们更多地会选择红黑树。 - [2-3树的直感与定义(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) - [2-3树的二元观点](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [2-3树(学生叙述)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - **2-3-4树 (亦称2-4树)** - - 实际中:对于每一棵2-4树,都有着对应的红黑树来存储同样顺序的数据元素。在2-4树上进行插入及删除操作等同于在红黑树上进行颜色翻转及轮换。这使得2-4树成为一种用于掌握红黑树背后逻辑的重要工具。这就是为什么许多算法引导文章都会在介绍红黑树之前,先介绍2-4树,尽管**2-4树在实际中并不经常使用**。 + - 实际中: + 对于每一棵2-4树,都有着对应的红黑树来存储同样顺序的数据元素。 + 在2-4树上进行插入及删除操作等同于在红黑树上进行颜色翻转及轮换。 + 这使得2-4树成为一种用于掌握红黑树背后逻辑的重要工具。 + 这就是为什么许多算法引导文章都会在介绍红黑树之前,先介绍2-4树,尽管**2-4树在实际中并不经常使用**。 - [CS 61B Lecture 26:平衡查找树(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqrqYXkth6Q&index=26&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - [自底向上的2-4树(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [自顶向下的2-4树(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) @@ -1626,7 +1668,11 @@ - **B 树** - 有趣的是:为啥叫 B 仍然是一个神秘。因为 B 可代表波音(Boeing)、平衡(Balanced)或 Bayer(联合创造者) - - 实际中:B 树会被广泛适用于数据库中,而现代大多数的文件系统都会使用到这种树(或变种)。除了运用在数据库中,B 树也会被用于文件系统以快速访问一个文件的任意块。但存在着一个基本的问题,那就是如何将文件块 i 转换成一个硬盘块(或一个柱面-磁头-扇区)上的地址。 + - 实际中: + B 树会被广泛适用于数据库中,而现代大多数的文件系统都会使用到这种树(或变种)。 + 除了运用在数据库中,B 树也会被用于文件系统以快速访问一个文件的任意块。 + 但存在着一个基本的问题, + 那就是如何将文件块 i 转换成一个硬盘块(或一个柱面-磁头-扇区)上的地址。 - [B 树](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) - [B 树数据结构](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) - [B 树的介绍(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) @@ -1635,11 +1681,12 @@ - [MIT 6.851 —— 内存层次模块(Memory Hierarchy Models)(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - 覆盖有高速缓存参数无关型(cache-oblivious)B 树和非常有趣的数据结构 - 头37分钟讲述的很专业,或许可以跳过(B 指块的大小、即缓存行的大小) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) + - ### k-D树 - 非常适合在矩形或更高维度的对象中查找点数 - 最适合k近邻 - - [Kd树(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) - [kNN K-d树算法(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) - ### 跳表 @@ -1678,57 +1725,35 @@ - [分而治之: 凸包, 中值查找](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) - ### 离散数学 - - 查看下面的视频 + - [计算机科学70,001 - 2015年春季 - 离散数学与概率论](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) + - [离散数学由Shai Simonson(19个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) + - [离散数学由印度理工学院罗帕尔分校NPTEL提供](https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/106/106106183/) -- ### 机器学习(Machine Learning) - - 为什么学习机器学习? - - [谷歌如何将自己改造成一家「机器学习优先」公司?](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) - - [智能计算机系统的大规模深度学习 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) - - [Peter Norvig:深度学习和理解与软件工程和验证的对比](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) - - [谷歌云机器学习工具(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) - - [谷歌开发者机器学习清单 (Scikit Learn 和 Tensorflow) (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) - - [Tensorflow (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) - - [Tensorflow 教程](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) - - [Python 实现神经网络实例教程(使用 Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) - - 课程: - - [很棒的初级课程:机器学习](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) - - [视频教程](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) - - 看第 12-18 集复习线性代数(第 14 集和第 15 集是重复的) - - [机器学习中的神经网络](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) - - [Google 深度学习微学位](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) - - [Google/Kaggle 机器学习工程师微学位](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) - - [无人驾驶工程师微学位](https://www.udacity.com/drive) - - 资源: - - 书籍: - - [Python 机器学习](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) - - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) - - [Python 机器学习简介](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) - - [软件工程师的机器学习](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) - - Data School:http://www.dataschool.io/ - --- +--- ## 一些主题的额外内容 - - 我为前面提到的某些主题增加了一些额外的内容,之所以没有直接添加到前面,是因为这样很容易导致某个主题内容过多。毕竟你想在本世纪找到一份工作,对吧? -- SOLID + 我添加了这些内容来加强上面已经提出的一些观点,但是不想把它们放在上面,因为那样会太多。 + 对于一个主题来说,过度处理很容易。 + 你希望在本世纪被雇佣吗? - - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID面向对象和敏捷设计的原理(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) - - [ ] S ── [单一责任原则](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [对每个对象的单一责任](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) - - [更多](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) - - [ ] O ── [开放/封闭原则](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [在生产级别上,可以扩展对象,但不能修改对象](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) - - [更多](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) - - [ ] L ── [Liskov 替换原则](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [基本类别和派生类别遵循“IS A”原则](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) - - [更多](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) - - [ ] I ── [接口隔离原理](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | 不应强迫客户端实现不使用的接口 - - [5分钟了解接口隔离原理(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) - - [更多](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) - - [ ] D ── [依赖倒置原理](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | 减少对象组合中的依赖性。 - - [依赖倒置原理为何如此重要?](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) - - [更多](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) +- **SOLID** + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] S - [单一职责原则 | 每个对象负责一个单一职责](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [更多解释](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [开闭原则](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [在生产级别上,对象应准备好进行扩展,但不进行修改](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [更多解释](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [里氏替换原则](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [基类和派生类遵循‘是一个’原则](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [更多解释](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [接口隔离原则](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | 客户端不应被强制实现不使用的接口 + - [5分钟内的接口隔离原则(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [更多解释](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D -[依赖反转原则](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | 在对象的组合中减少依赖 + - [为何依赖反转原则如此重要](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [更多解释](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) -- Union-Find + +- **Union-Find** - [概览](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) - [初级实践](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) - [树状结构](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) @@ -1762,7 +1787,6 @@ - [Simonson: 近似算法 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) - **字符串匹配** - - Rabin-Karp(视频) - [Rabin Karps 算法](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) - [预计算](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) @@ -1784,20 +1808,18 @@ - 斯坦福大学关于排序算法的视频: - [课程 15 | 编程抽象(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - [课程 16 | 编程抽象(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - Shai Simonson 视频,[Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): - [算法 - 排序 - 第二讲(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) - [算法 - 排序2 - 第三讲(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) - - Steven Skiena 关于排序的视频: - - [课程从 26:46 开始(视频)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) - - [课程从 27:40 开始(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [课程从 35:00 开始(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [课程从 23:50 开始(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + - [CSE373 2020 - 归并排序/快速排序(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUf-UQ3a0kg&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=8) + - [CSE373 2020 - 线性排序(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ksyQKmre84&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=9) + +- NAND 到 Tetris: [从第一原理构建现代计算机](https://www.coursera.org/learn/build-a-computer) ## 视频系列 - 坐下来享受一下吧。"netflix 和技能" :P +坐下来,尽情享受。 - [个人的动态规划问题列表 (都是短视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) @@ -1807,14 +1829,7 @@ - [绝妙的 MIT 微积分:单变量微积分](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) -- [计算机科学 70, 001 - 2015 年春季 - 离散数学和概率理论](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) - -- [离散数学 (19 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) - -- [离散数学(第一部分),Sarada Herke (5个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) - -- CSE373 - 算法分析 (25 个视频) - - [Skiena 的算法设计手册讲座](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) +- [Skiena讲座来自《算法设计手册》- CSE373 2020 - 算法分析(26个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22hwcnXIGgk&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=1) - [UC Berkeley 61B (2014 年春季): 数据结构 (25 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFPmKGIrQs4&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) @@ -1824,8 +1839,6 @@ - [OOSE:使用 UML 和 Java 进行软件开发 (21 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) -- [UC Berkeley CS 152: 计算机结构和工程 (20 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr) - - [MIT 6.004: 计算结构 (49 视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) - [卡內基梅隆大学 - 计算机架构讲座 (39 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) @@ -1864,6 +1877,11 @@ - [在线 CS 课程目录](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) - [CS 课程目录 (一些是在线讲座)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) +## 算法实现 + +- [普林斯顿大学的多算法实现](https://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/code) + + ## 论文 - [喜欢经典的论文?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) @@ -1874,27 +1892,20 @@ - [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) - 大多被云数据流取代了? - [2006年:Bigtable:结构化数据的分布式存储系统](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) - - [深入了解Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) - [2006年:针对松散耦合的分布式系统的Chubby Lock服务](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) - [2007年:Dynamo:亚马逊的高可用键值存储](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) - Dynamo论文启动了NoSQL革命 - [2007: 每个程序员都应该知道的内存知识 (非常长,作者建议跳过某些章节来阅读)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) -- [2010年:Dapper,一个大型分布式系统跟踪基础结构](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) -- [2010年:Dremel:Web规模数据集的交互式分析](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) -- [2012: Google 的 Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) - - 没有论文 - 2012: AddressSanitizer: 快速的内存访问检查器: - [论文](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) - [视频](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) - 2013: Spanner: Google 的分布式数据库: - [论文](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) - [视频](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) -- [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) -- [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) -- [2015: 大规模高可用: 构建 Google Ads 的数据基础设施](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) -- [2015: TensorFlow: 异构分布式系统上的大规模机器学习](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) -- [2015: 开发者应该如何搜索代码:用例学习](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) -- [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) +- [2015: Google的持续流水线](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +- [2015: 大规模高可用性:构建Google广告数据基础设施](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +- [2015: 开发人员如何搜索代码:一个案例研究](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +- 更多论文: [1,000篇论文](https://github.com/0voice/computer_expert_paper) ## LICENSE diff --git a/translations/README-de.md b/translations/README-de.md index 0e46cf1..e57346e 100644 --- a/translations/README-de.md +++ b/translations/README-de.md @@ -49,27 +49,6 @@

Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University!

-

- Special thanks to: -

-
@@ -570,6 +549,7 @@ Schreib Code auf einer Tafel oder auf Papier, aber nicht am Computer. Teste mit - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Spickzettel](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv)
@@ -617,6 +597,7 @@ Schreib Code auf einer Tafel oder auf Papier, aber nicht am Computer. Teste mit - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - nicht das ganze Video nur die Teile über Knotenstruktur und Speicherverwaltung. - [ ] Linked Lists vs Arrays: @@ -648,11 +629,13 @@ Schreib Code auf einer Tafel oder auf Papier, aber nicht am Computer. Teste mit - ### Stack (Stapel) - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Werde ich nicht implementieren. Implementierung mittels Array ist trivial. - ### Queue (Warteschlangen) - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Implementierung mittels verketteten Listen, mit Tail-Pointer: - enqueue(value) - fügt Wert am Ende ein - dequeue() - gibt das älteste Element (am Anfang der Liste) zurück und löscht es @@ -677,6 +660,7 @@ Schreib Code auf einer Tafel oder auf Papier, aber nicht am Computer. Teste mit - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Online Kurse: - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) @@ -704,6 +688,7 @@ Schreib Code auf einer Tafel oder auf Papier, aber nicht am Computer. Teste mit - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [Details](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Implementierung: - Binärsuche (auf einem sortierten Array von Ganzzahlen) - Binärsuche mittels Rekursion @@ -760,6 +745,9 @@ Schreib Code auf einer Tafel oder auf Papier, aber nicht am Computer. Teste mit - inorder (DFS: links, selber, rechts) - postorder (DFS: links, rechts, selber) - preorder (DFS: selber, links, rechts) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Binary search trees: BSTs (Binäre Suchbäume) - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -807,6 +795,7 @@ Schreib Code auf einer Tafel oder auf Papier, aber nicht am Computer. Teste mit - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Implementierung eines Max-Heap: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - gebraucht fürs Einfügen @@ -877,6 +866,14 @@ Schreib Code auf einer Tafel oder auf Papier, aber nicht am Computer. Teste mit - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Implementierung: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) Durchschnitt und worst case - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) Durchschnitt @@ -945,6 +942,8 @@ Graphen können genutzt werden, um damit viele verschiedene Probleme in der Info - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Kompletter Coursera Kurs: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1368,8 +1367,9 @@ Graphen können genutzt werden, um damit viele verschiedene Probleme in der Info - [ ] Reihe mit kurzen 2-3 Minuten Videos (23 videos) - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Reihe mit kurzen 2-5 Minuten Videos - Michael Sambol (38 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Reihe mit kurzen 2-5 Minuten Videos - Michael Sambol (48 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -1774,6 +1774,7 @@ Algorithmen Bescheid wisst, sodass ihr eine größere Auswahl an Werkzeugen habt - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [ ] [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - [ ] **Splay Trees** - In der Praxis: @@ -1799,6 +1800,7 @@ Algorithmen Bescheid wisst, sodass ihr eine größere Auswahl an Werkzeugen habt - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [ ] [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - [ ] **2-3 Bäume** - In der Praxis: @@ -1839,6 +1841,7 @@ Algorithmen Bescheid wisst, sodass ihr eine größere Auswahl an Werkzeugen habt - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - behandelt cache-oblivious B-Bäume, sehr interessante Datenstrukturen - die ersten 37 Minuten sind sehr technisch, können übersprungen werden (B ist Blockgröße, Cache Zeilen Länge) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Bäume diff --git a/translations/README-el.md b/translations/README-el.md index ce84225..c679fd7 100644 --- a/translations/README-el.md +++ b/translations/README-el.md @@ -456,6 +456,7 @@ - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) Εάν μερικές διαλέξεις είναι πολύ μαθηματικές, μπορείς να μεταβείς προς τα κάτω και να παρακολουθήσεις μερικά βίντεο σχετικά με τα διακριτά μαθηματικά για να πάρεις όλες τις γνώσεις που απαιτούνται. @@ -503,6 +504,7 @@ - [ ] Περιγραφή: - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation. - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: @@ -538,6 +540,7 @@ - ### Stack - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) - [ ] [Using Stacks Last-In First-Out (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-stacks-last-first-out/149042/177120-4.html) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. - ### Queue @@ -545,6 +548,7 @@ - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) - [ ] [Priority Queues (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Priority-queues-deques/149042/177123-4.html) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) @@ -569,6 +573,7 @@ - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Online Courses: - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Understanding-hash-functions/149042/177126-4.html) @@ -595,6 +600,7 @@ - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Implement: - binary search (on sorted array of integers) - binary search using recursion @@ -648,4 +654,7 @@ worst: O(n) - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) - - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) \ No newline at end of file + - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) diff --git a/translations/README-es.md b/translations/README-es.md index 4863a09..995fce0 100644 --- a/translations/README-es.md +++ b/translations/README-es.md @@ -51,27 +51,6 @@

Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University!

-

- Special thanks to: -

-
@@ -131,7 +110,7 @@ Si desea ser un Ingeniero de Escalabilidad/Seguridad o un Ingeniero de Sistemas, - Por montículos (heapsort) - Rápido (quicksort) - Por mezcla (merge sort) -- [Gráficos](#graficos) +- [Grafos](#grafos) - Dirigidos - No dirigidos - Matriz de adyacencia @@ -541,6 +520,7 @@ Escriba código en un pizarrón o en papel, pero no en la computadora. Pruebe co - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) Si algunas de las lecturas son muy matemáticas, puede saltar a la parte inferior y ver las matemáticas discretas para tener el conocimiento base. @@ -584,6 +564,7 @@ Escriba código en un pizarrón o en papel, pero no en la computadora. Pruebe co - [ ] Descripción: - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - No todo el video, solo porciones acerca de la estructura de nodos y la asignación de memoria. - [ ] Listas enlazadas vs Arreglos: @@ -614,11 +595,13 @@ Escriba código en un pizarrón o en papel, pero no en la computadora. Pruebe co - No es necesario. - ### Pila: - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] No implementaré. Implementando con arreglos es trivial. - ### Cola o fila - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Implementar usando listas enlazadas, con el puntero de la cola: - enqueue(value) – Añade el valor en la posición de la cola. - dequeue() – Regresa el valor y elimina el valor más recientemente añadido(frontal) @@ -642,6 +625,7 @@ Escriba código en un pizarrón o en papel, pero no en la computadora. Pruebe co - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Cursos en línea: - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) @@ -663,6 +647,7 @@ Escriba código en un pizarrón o en papel, pero no en la computadora. Pruebe co - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Implementar: - Búsqueda binaria (en un arreglo ordenado de enteros) - Búsqueda binaria usando recursión. @@ -715,6 +700,9 @@ Escriba código en un pizarrón o en papel, pero no en la computadora. Pruebe co - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Árboles de búsqueda binaria: BSTs - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -762,6 +750,7 @@ Escriba código en un pizarrón o en papel, pero no en la computadora. Pruebe co - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Implementar una cola máxima: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up – Necesario para el insert. @@ -807,6 +796,14 @@ Escriba código en un pizarrón o en papel, pero no en la computadora. Pruebe co - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Implemente: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) Promedio y peor caso. - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) Caso promedio. @@ -830,9 +827,9 @@ Escriba código en un pizarrón o en papel, pero no en la computadora. Pruebe co Como resumen aquí esta una representación visual de [15 algoritmos de ordenamiento](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg) Si necesita más detalle de este tema vea “Ordenamientos” en [Detalles adicionales de ciertos temas](#detalles-adicionales-de-ciertos-temas) -## Gráficos +## Grafos -Los gráficos pueden ser usados para representar muchos problemas en las Ciencias de la Computación, así que es una sección larga, como lo son los árboles y ordenamientos. +Los grafos pueden ser usados para representar muchos problemas en las Ciencias de la Computación, así que es una sección larga, como lo son los árboles y ordenamientos. - Notas: - Hay cuatro formas básicas de representar un grafo en memoria: @@ -842,7 +839,7 @@ Los gráficos pueden ser usados para representar muchos problemas en las Ciencia - Mapa adyacente. - Familiarícese con cada representación y sus pros y contras. - BFS and DFS – Conozca su complejidad computacional, sus compromisos y cómo implementarlos en código real. - - Cuando se le haga una pregunta busqué una solución basada en grafos, si no encuentra continúe. + - Cuando se le haga una pregunta busque una solución basada en grafos. Si no la encuentra, continúe. - [ ] Lecturas de Skiena – Gran introducción): - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) @@ -852,7 +849,7 @@ Los gráficos pueden ser usados para representar muchos problemas en las Ciencia - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) -- [ ] Gráficos (revisión y más): +- [ ] Grafos (revisión y más): - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) @@ -865,11 +862,13 @@ Los gráficos pueden ser usados para representar muchos problemas en las Ciencia - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Curso Completo de Coursera: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) -- Implementaré: +- Implementar: - [ ] DFS con lista de adyacencia (recursión) - [ ] DFS con la lista de adyacencia (iterativa con la pila) - [ ] DFS con matriz de adyacencia (recursión) @@ -881,12 +880,12 @@ Los gráficos pueden ser usados para representar muchos problemas en las Ciencia - Algoritmos basados en DFS (ver videos de Aduni arriba): - [ ] Comprobar el ciclo (necesario para el tipo topológico, ya que vamos a comprobar el ciclo antes de comenzar) - [ ] Clasificación topológica. - - [ ] Cuenta los componentes conectados en un grafo. - - [ ] Lista de componentes fuertemente conectados. + - [ ] Cuenta los componentes conexos en un grafo. + - [ ] Lista de componentes fuertemente conexos. - [ ] Verificación de grafo bipartito. -||| Obtendrá más prácticas de gráficos en el libro de Skiena (vea Sección de libros debajo) y en los libros de entrevistas. +||| Obtendrá más prácticas de grafos en el libro de Skiena (vea Sección de libros debajo) y en los libros de entrevistas. ## Más información adicional - ### Recursión @@ -1103,11 +1102,11 @@ Los gráficos pueden ser usados para representar muchos problemas en las Ciencia - [ ] [How to write tests](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) - ### Planificador - - En un SO, Como funciona - - Se pueden obtener de los videos del sistema operativo + - En un SO, ¿Cómo funciona? + - Se pueden obtener de los videos del sistema operativo. - ### Implementar rutinas del sistema - - Entienda lo que hay debajo de las API de programación que usa + - Entienda lo que hay debajo de las API de programación que usa. - ¿Puede implementarlas? - ### Búsqueda de cadenas y manipulaciones @@ -1147,7 +1146,7 @@ Los gráficos pueden ser usados para representar muchos problemas en las Ciencia - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) -- ### Extremidad (Endianness) +- ### Extremidad o "Endianismo" (Endianness) - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://www.cs.umd.edu/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0): @@ -1274,14 +1273,14 @@ Los gráficos pueden ser usados para representar muchos problemas en las Ciencia - Asumir alta disponibilidad es necesario, añadir como un caso de uso. 2. Piense en las limitaciones: - Preguntar cuántas solicitudes por mes. - - Preguntar cuántas solicitudes por segundo (que pueden ser voluntario o hacer que usted haga las matemáticas) + - Preguntar cuántas solicitudes por segundo (que pueden ser voluntario o hacer que usted haga las matemáticas). - Lectura de estimación vs. Escribir porcentajes. - Tenga en cuenta la regla 80/20 al estimar. - La cantidad de datos escritos por segundo. - Almacenamiento total requerido durante 5 años. - La cantidad de datos leídos por segundo. 3. Diseño abstracto: - - Capas (servicio, datos, almacenamiento en caché) + - Capas (servicio, datos, almacenamiento en caché). - Infraestructura: balanceo de carga, mensajería. - Descripción aproximada de cualquier algoritmo clave que impulsa el servicio. - Considerar los cuellos de botella y determinar las soluciones. @@ -1303,18 +1302,19 @@ Es bueno si quieres repasar frecuentemente. - [ ] Series de videos cortos sobre temas de 2-3 minutos (23 videos) - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series de videos cortos sobre temas de 2-5 minutos - Michael Sambol (38 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Series de videos cortos sobre temas de 2-5 minutos - Michael Sambol (48 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) --- -## Practica de preguntas de codificación +## Practica de preguntas de programación -Ahora que conoce todos los tópicos de las Ciencias de la Computación mencionados anteriormente, es tiempo de practicar respondiendo algunos problemas de codificación. +Ahora que conoce todos los tópicos de las Ciencias de la Computación mencionados anteriormente, es tiempo de practicar respondiendo algunos problemas de programación. -**La practica de preguntas de codificación no es sobre memorizar respuestas a problemas de programación.** +**La práctica de preguntas de programación no es sobre memorizar respuestas a problemas.** -Porque necesita practicar haciendo problemas de programación: +Por qué necesita practicar haciendo problemas de programación: - El reconocimiento de problemas, y donde las estructuras de datos y algoritmos adecuados encajan. - Reunir los requisitos para el problema. - Hablar sobre su camino a través del problema como lo hará en la entrevista. @@ -1324,16 +1324,16 @@ Porque necesita practicar haciendo problemas de programación: Hay una gran introducción para la solución de problemas metódicos y comunicativos en una entrevista. Conseguirá esto de los libros para la entrevista de programación también, pero encontré esto excepcional: [Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) -¿No tiene pizarrón en casa? Hace sentido. Soy un bicho raro y tengo una pizarra grande. En vez de una pizarra blanca, recoja un gran cuadernillo de dibujo de una tienda de arte. Puede sentarse en el sofá y practicar. Esta es mi "pizarra de sofá". He añadido la pluma en la foto para la escala. Si usa un bolígrafo, deseará poder borrarlo. Se ensucia rápido. +¿No tiene pizarrón en casa? Tiene sentido. Soy un bicho raro y tengo una pizarra grande. En vez de una pizarra blanca, recoja un gran cuadernillo de dibujo de una tienda de arte. Puede sentarse en el sofá y practicar. Esta es mi "pizarra de sofá". He añadido la pluma en la foto para la escala. Si usa un bolígrafo, deseará poder borrarlo. Se ensucia rápido. ![my sofa whiteboard](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/4b2dfa34fd739404edcc014f89b5432ab1ec9cfebecce1d59b9f7986826d03cf/68747470733a2f2f64336a32706b6d6a74696e366f752e636c6f756466726f6e742e6e65742f6172745f626f6172645f736d5f322e6a7067) -Complementarios: +Complementos: - [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) - [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) - [MIT Interview Materials](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) -**Lea y haga problemas de programación (en ese orden):** +**Lea y resuelva problemas de programación (en ese orden):** - [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html): - Respuestas en C, C++ y Java @@ -1342,9 +1342,9 @@ Complementarios: Vea [Lista de libros](#lista-de-libros) -## Ejercicios de codificación/Desafíos +## Ejercicios de programación/Desafíos Una vez haya aprendido, ponga ese cerebro a trabajar. -Tome desafíos de codificación todos los días y tantos como pueda. +Tome desafíos de programación todos los días y tantos como pueda. - [ ] [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) - [ ] [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) @@ -1628,6 +1628,7 @@ Es probable que estos temas no aparezcan en una entrevista, pero los añadí par - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [ ] [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - [ ] **Árboles biselados** - En práctica: @@ -1646,6 +1647,7 @@ Es probable que estos temas no aparezcan en una entrevista, pero los añadí par - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [ ] [Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - [ ] **Árboles de búsqueda 2-3** - En práctica: @@ -1679,6 +1681,7 @@ Es probable que estos temas no aparezcan en una entrevista, pero los añadí par - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - Cubre árboles-B de cache inconsistente, estructuras de datos muy interesantes. - Los primeros 37 minutos son muy técnicos, puede saltarlos (B es tamaño de bloque, tamaño de línea de caché) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### Árboles k-D - Ideal para encontrar el número de puntos en un rectángulo o un objeto de dimensión superior. diff --git a/translations/README-fa.md b/translations/README-fa.md index 2a30ff5..dfcaa1a 100644 --- a/translations/README-fa.md +++ b/translations/README-fa.md @@ -55,27 +55,6 @@

Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University!

-

- Special thanks to: -

-
@@ -573,6 +552,7 @@ Choose one: - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) بسیارخب، فکر کنم در همین حد کافی باشه. @@ -618,6 +598,7 @@ Choose one: - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: @@ -649,11 +630,13 @@ Choose one: - ### پشته - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial - ### صف - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) @@ -679,6 +662,7 @@ Choose one: - [ ] [PyCon 2017: The Dictionary Even Mightier (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Online Courses: - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) @@ -701,6 +685,7 @@ Choose one: - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Implement: - binary search (on sorted array of integers) - binary search using recursion @@ -752,6 +737,9 @@ Choose one: - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### درخت جستجوی دودویی: BSTs - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -797,6 +785,7 @@ Choose one: - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Implement a max-heap: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert @@ -861,6 +850,14 @@ Choose one: - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Implement: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case @@ -924,6 +921,8 @@ Choose one: - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Full Coursera Course: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1182,8 +1181,9 @@ Choose one: - [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (38 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (48 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -1643,6 +1643,7 @@ Mock Interviews: - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - **Splay trees** - In practice: @@ -1668,6 +1669,7 @@ Mock Interviews: - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - **2-3 search trees** - In practice: @@ -1708,6 +1710,7 @@ Mock Interviews: - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees diff --git a/translations/README-fr.md b/translations/README-fr.md index fb81276..964d90b 100644 --- a/translations/README-fr.md +++ b/translations/README-fr.md @@ -10,27 +10,6 @@ Traductions:

Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University!

-

- Special thanks to: -

-
@@ -44,13 +23,13 @@ Cette longue liste a été extraite et étendue de **Google's coaching notes**, En bas, j'ai rajouté des unités supplémentaires qui peuvent être soulevées pendant l'entretien, ou qui peuvent être utiles pour résoudre des problèmes. Plusieurs unités proviennent de "[Get that job at Google](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)" par Steve Yegge, et sont parfois reflétées mot pour mot dans les notes de coaching de google. -J'ai épuré ce que vous devez savoir de ce qui est recommendé par Yegge. J'ai modifié les prérequis de Yegge. -D'après les informations reçues de la part des contact travaillant à Google. Ceci est destiné aux **new software engineers** ou aux developpeur logiciel/web qui souhaitent devenir des ingénieurs en génie logiciel (où la science de l'informatique est requise). Si vous avez plusieurs années d'expérience et vous déclarez plusieurs années d'éxperience en génie logiciel attendez vous à un entretien plus dur. +J'ai épuré ce que vous devez savoir de ce qui est recommandé par Yegge. J'ai modifié les prérequis de Yegge. +D'après les informations reçues de la part des contacts travaillant à Google. Ceci est destiné aux **new software engineers** ou aux développeurs logiciel/web qui souhaitent devenir des ingénieurs en génie logiciel (où la science de l'informatique est requise). Si vous avez plusieurs années d'expérience et vous déclarez plusieurs années d'expérience en génie logiciel attendez vous à un entretien plus dur. [Read more here](https://googleyasheck.com/what-you-need-to-know-for-your-google-interview-and-what-you-dont/). -Si vous avez plusieurs années d'experience en development web/logiciel, notez que google font une distinction entre le développement logiciel et l'ingénieurie en génie civil. +Si vous avez plusieurs années d'expérience en développement web/logiciel, notez que google font une distinction entre le développement logiciel et l'ingénierie en génie civil. -Si vous souhaitez devenir ingénieur de fiabilité, ou ingénieur systèmes, suivez plus de cours de la liste optionelle (Réseau, sécurité) +Si vous souhaitez devenir ingénieur de fiabilité, ou ingénieur systèmes, suivez plus de cours de la liste optionnelle (Réseau, sécurité) --- ## Table of Contents @@ -81,11 +60,11 @@ Si vous souhaitez devenir ingénieur de fiabilité, ou ingénieur systèmes, sui - [More Knowledge](#more-knowledge) - [Recherche dichotomique](#binary-search) - [Opérations bit à bit](#bitwise-operations) -- [Arbes](#trees) +- [Arbres](#trees) - [Arbres - Notes & Background](#trees---notes--background) - [Arbres binaires de recherche: BSTs](#binary-search-trees-bsts) - [Tas / File de Priorité / Tas binaire](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) - - Arbre de recherche equilibré (general concept, not details) + - Arbre de recherche équilibré (general concept, not details) - Parcours : Préfixe, infixe, postfixe, BFS, DFS - [Tri](#sorting) - sélection @@ -120,7 +99,7 @@ Si vous souhaitez devenir ingénieur de fiabilité, ou ingénieur systèmes, sui - [Votre CV](#your-resume) - [Be thinking of for when the interview comes](#be-thinking-of-for-when-the-interview-comes) - [Ayez les questions pour l'entretien](#have-questions-for-the-interviewer) -- [Quand vous aurez eu le travial:](#once-youve-got-the-job) +- [Quand vous aurez eu le travail:](#once-youve-got-the-job) ---------------- Everything below this point is optional ---------------- @@ -286,7 +265,7 @@ Parfois, les cours ne sont pas en session, alors vous devez attendre quelques mo - [ ] Cours pour préparer: - [ ] [Comment réussir dans une interview d'ingénieur logiciel (besoin de payer)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): - - Apprends comment être pret pour l'entrevue de quelqu'un qui était responsable de l'embauche pour Google. + - Apprends comment être prêt pour l'entrevue de quelqu'un qui était responsable de l'embauche pour Google. - [ ] Supplémentaires (ne sont pas suggéré par Google, mais je l'ai ajouté): - [ ] [Toujours en train de faire le codage (Anglais ABC: Always Be Coding)](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) @@ -304,7 +283,7 @@ Parfois, les cours ne sont pas en session, alors vous devez attendre quelques mo Je l'ai écrit cet article à propos de cela : [Important: Choisis une langue pour l'entrevue Google](https://googleyasheck.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-google-interview/) -Tu peux choisir une langue avec laquelle vos êtes comftortable pour fair la partie de codage, mais pour Google, celles-ci sont les bons choix: +Tu peux choisir une langue avec laquelle vous êtes confortable pour faire la partie de codage, mais pour Google, celles-ci sont les bons choix: - C++ - Java @@ -324,7 +303,7 @@ Lis à propos vos choix: [Regarde les ressources pour chaque langue ici](programming-language-resources.md) -Vous voyiez C, C++ et Python en dessous, parce que j'apprends. Il y a quelques livres qui va t'aider, regarde en dessous. +Vous voyez C, C++ et Python en dessous, parce que j'apprends. Il y a quelques livres qui vont t'aider, regarde en dessous. ## Liste de livres @@ -336,12 +315,12 @@ Voici une liste que j'ai réduite afin de vous faire gagner du temps. - réponses en c++ et java - recommandé par un candidat en coaching de Google - this is a good warm-up for Cracking the Coding Interview - - c'est un bon échuaffement pour cracker l'entretien de développement - - pas trop difficule, la plupart des problèmes seront plus faciles que ceux que vous arez dans l'entretien (de ce que j'ai lu) + - c'est un bon échauffement pour cracker l'entretien de développement + - pas trop difficile, la plupart des problèmes seront plus faciles que ceux que vous aurez dans l'entretien (de ce que j'ai lu) - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - réponses en java - recommandé sur le [Google Careers site](https://www.google.com/about/careers/how-we-hire/interview/) - - Si vous voyez des personnes faire référence à "The Google Resume", c'était le livre remplacé par "Craking the Coding Interview" + - Si vous voyez des personnes faire référence à "The Google Resume", c'était le livre remplacé par "Cracking the Coding Interview" Si vous avez beaucoup de temps libre: @@ -355,13 +334,13 @@ Si vous n'avez pas beaucoup de temps : - [ ] [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) - Le livre est un peu dépassé car il a été publié en 2004, mais il reste intéressant pour comprendre brièvement comment marche un ordinateur. - - L''ateur a inventé HLA, prenez donc ses remarques et ses exemples sur le HLA avec scpetisme. Il n'est pas souvent cité mais propose de nombreux exemples sur ce à quoi un assembleur ressemble + - L'auteur a inventé HLA, prenez donc ses remarques et ses exemples sur le HLA avec scepticisme. Il n'est pas souvent cité mais propose de nombreux exemples sur ce à quoi un assembleur ressemble - Ces chapitres vous donneront des fondations : - - Chapitre 2 - Réprésentation numérique + - Chapitre 2 - Représentation numérique - Chapitre 3 - Arithmétique binaire et les opérations bit à bit - Chapitre 4 - Floating-Point Representation - Chapitre 4 - La représentation de la virgule flottante - - Chapitre 5 - Représentation characterielle + - Chapitre 5 - Représentation caractérielle - Chapitre 6 - Organisation et accès de la mémoire - Chapitre 7 - Type de données composites et les objets de mémoire - Chapitre 9 - Architecture CPU @@ -375,9 +354,9 @@ Si vous avez plus de temps (Je veux ce livre): ### Sur les langages -**Vous avez besoin de choisir un langage pour l'entretien (voir au-dessus).** Voici mes recommendations sur les différents langages. Je n'ai pas des ressources pour tous les langages alors n'hésitez pas à en rajouter. +**Vous avez besoin de choisir un langage pour l'entretien (voir au-dessus).** Voici mes recommandations sur les différents langages. Je n'ai pas de ressources pour tous les langages alors n'hésitez pas à en rajouter. -Si vous lisez un d'eux, vous devez d'abord avoir toutes des connaissances sur les structures de données et les algorithmes pour pouvoir faire des problèmes de codage. +Si vous lisez un d'eux, vous devez d'abord avoir toutes les connaissances sur les structures de données et les algorithmes pour pouvoir résoudre des problèmes de codage. **Vous pouvez passer toutes les vidéos de cours de ce projet**, à moins que vous voulez un avis. [Additional language-specific resources here.](programming-language-resources.md) @@ -389,7 +368,7 @@ Je n'ai pas lu ces deux-là mais ils sont bien notées et écrit par Sedgewick. - [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) - [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) -Si vous avez une meilleure recommendation pour le C++, dites le moi. Je recherche des ressources plus compréhensive. +Si vous avez une meilleure recommandation pour le C++, dites le moi. Je recherche des ressources plus compréhensives. ### Java @@ -403,7 +382,7 @@ OU: - [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) - par Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - utilisé pour du texte optionnel dans les cours d'introduction à l'informatique à l'UC Berkeley - - allez voir le raport que j'ai fait sur le Python proposé en-dessous. Ce livre couvre les mêmes sujets. + - allez voir le rapport que j'ai fait sur le Python proposé en-dessous. Ce livre couvre les mêmes sujets. ### Python @@ -417,7 +396,7 @@ OU: ### Livres optionnels -**Plusieurs personnes les recommandes, cependant je pense qu'ils vont trop loin, à moins que vous ayez plusieurs années dans le dévleoppement logiciel and que vous vous attendez à un entretien bien plus difficile** +**Plusieurs personnes les recommandes, cependant je pense qu'ils vont trop loin, à moins que vous ayez plusieurs années dans le développement logiciel and que vous vous attendez à un entretien bien plus difficile** - [ ] [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) - En tant qu'examen et reconnaissance de problème @@ -426,12 +405,12 @@ OU: - class textbook on data structures and algorithms - pour: - est une bonne critique comme n'importe quel manuel le serait - - des histoires intéressantes venant de son expérience dans la résolutionde problèmes dans l'industriel et l'académique + - des histoires intéressantes venant de son expérience dans la résolution de problèmes dans l'industriel et l'académique - des exemples de code en C - contre: - peut être aussi dense ou impénétrable que CLRS, et dans plusieurs cas, CLRS peut être une meilleure alternative sur certains sujets - chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have - - les chapitres 7, 8, 9 peuvent être difficiles à suivre, comme certains points ne sont pas bien expliqués ou requiert une plus grande concentration pour comprendre + - les chapitres 7, 8, 9 peuvent être difficiles à suivre, comme certains points ne sont pas bien expliqués ou requiert une plus grande concentration pour comprendre - ne vous méprenez pas, J'aime bien Skiena, sa pédagogie et ses manières mais je ne suis pas fais pas Stony Brook - algorithm catalog: - this is the real reason you buy this book. @@ -581,7 +560,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) - +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) If some of the lectures are too mathy, you can jump down to the bottom and watch the discrete mathematics videos to get the background knowledge. @@ -625,6 +604,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] Description: - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation. - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: @@ -656,11 +636,13 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - ### Stack - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. - ### Queue - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) @@ -685,6 +667,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Online Courses: - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) @@ -707,6 +690,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Implement: - binary search (on sorted array of integers) - binary search using recursion @@ -760,6 +744,9 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Binary search trees: BSTs - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -807,6 +794,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Implement a max-heap: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert @@ -853,6 +841,14 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Implement: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case @@ -910,6 +906,8 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Full Coursera Course: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1277,8 +1275,9 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (38 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (48 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) --- @@ -1685,6 +1684,7 @@ You're never really done. - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [ ] [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - [ ] **Splay trees** - In practice: @@ -1710,6 +1710,7 @@ You're never really done. - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [ ] [Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - [ ] **2-3 search trees** - In practice: @@ -1749,6 +1750,7 @@ You're never really done. - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees diff --git a/translations/README-he.md b/translations/README-he.md index 9291270..2b02e12 100644 --- a/translations/README-he.md +++ b/translations/README-he.md @@ -22,27 +22,6 @@

Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University!

-

- Special thanks to: -

-
@@ -592,6 +571,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) If some of the lectures are too mathy, you can jump down to the bottom and @@ -635,6 +615,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] Description: - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation. - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: @@ -666,11 +647,13 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - ### מחסנית - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. - ### תור - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) @@ -695,6 +678,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Online Courses: - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) @@ -717,6 +701,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Implement: - binary search (on sorted array of integers) - binary search using recursion @@ -770,6 +755,9 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Binary search trees: BSTs - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -817,6 +805,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Implement a max-heap: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert @@ -863,6 +852,14 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Implement: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case @@ -920,6 +917,8 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Full Coursera Course: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1287,8 +1286,9 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) - [סרטונים](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (38 videos): - - [סרטונים](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (48 videos): + - [סרטונים](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) --- @@ -1696,6 +1696,7 @@ You're never really done. - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [ ] [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - [ ] **Splay trees** - In practice: @@ -1721,6 +1722,7 @@ You're never really done. - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [ ] [Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - [ ] **2-3 search trees** - In practice: @@ -1760,6 +1762,7 @@ You're never really done. - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees diff --git a/translations/README-hi.md b/translations/README-hi.md index d16afe6..531af59 100644 --- a/translations/README-hi.md +++ b/translations/README-hi.md @@ -61,27 +61,6 @@ प्रायोजक बनें और कोडिंग साक्षात्कार विश्वविद्यालय का समर्थन करें!

-

- विशेष धन्यवाद: -

-
@@ -600,6 +579,7 @@ Anki प्रारूप में मेरा फ्लैशकार्ड - [कम्प्यूटेशनल जटिलता: सेक्शन 1](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Computational%20Complexity%20part%20one) - [कम्प्यूटेशनल जटिलता: धारा 2](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Computational%20Complexity%20part%20two) - [ ] [चीट शीट] (http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) खैर, बस इतना ही काफी है। @@ -644,6 +624,7 @@ Anki प्रारूप में मेरा फ्लैशकार्ड - [ ] [सिंगली लिंक्ड लिस्ट (वीडियो)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) - [ ] [सीएस 61बी - लिंक्ड सूचियां 1 (वीडियो)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - [ ] [सीएस 61बी - लिंक्ड सूचियां 2 (वीडियो)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [सी कोड (वीडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - संपूर्ण वीडियो नहीं, केवल नोड संरचना और स्मृति आवंटन के बारे में अंश - [] लिंक्ड लिस्ट बनाम एरेज़: @@ -674,11 +655,13 @@ Anki प्रारूप में मेरा फ्लैशकार्ड - No need to implement - ### ढेर - [ ] [स्टैक (वीडियो)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structs/stacks-UdKzQ) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] लागू नहीं होगा। सरणी के साथ कार्यान्वित करना तुच्छ है - ### कतार - [ ] [कतार (वीडियो)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structs/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [सर्कुलर बफर/फीफो](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [] टेल पॉइंटर के साथ लिंक्ड-लिस्ट का उपयोग करके लागू करें: - एनक्यू (मान) - पूंछ पर स्थिति पर मूल्य जोड़ता है - dequeue () - मान लौटाता है और कम से कम हाल ही में जोड़े गए तत्व (सामने) को हटाता है @@ -704,6 +687,7 @@ Anki प्रारूप में मेरा फ्लैशकार्ड - [ ] [पायकॉन 2017: द डिक्शनरी इवन माइटियर (वीडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU) - [ ] [(उन्नत) रैंडमाइजेशन: यूनिवर्सल एंड परफेक्ट हैशिंग (वीडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(उन्नत) परफेक्ट हैशिंग (वीडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] ऑनलाइन पाठ्यक्रम: @@ -728,6 +712,7 @@ Anki प्रारूप में मेरा फ्लैशकार्ड - [ ] [बाइनरी सर्च (वीडियो)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [विस्तार] (https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Binary%20Search) - [ ] [खाका](https://leetcode.com/discuss/general-discussion/786126/python-powerful-ultimate-binary-search-template-solved-many-problems) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] अमल में लाना: - द्विआधारी खोज (पूर्णांक के क्रमबद्ध सरणी पर) - पुनरावर्तन का उपयोग कर द्विआधारी खोज @@ -777,6 +762,9 @@ Anki प्रारूप में मेरा फ्लैशकार्ड - क्रम में (डीएफएस: बाएं, स्वयं, दाएं) - पोस्टऑर्डर (डीएफएस: बाएं, दाएं, स्वयं) - प्रीऑर्डर (डीएफएस: स्वयं, बाएं, दाएं) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### बाइनरी सर्च ट्री: बीएसटी - [ ] [बाइनरी सर्च ट्री रिव्यू (वीडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -822,6 +810,7 @@ Anki प्रारूप में मेरा फ्लैशकार्ड - [ ] [एमआईटी: हीप्स एंड हीप सॉर्ट (वीडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [सीएस 61बी व्याख्यान 24: प्राथमिकता कतारें (वीडियो)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [रैखिक समय BuildHeap (अधिकतम-ढेर)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [] अधिकतम ढेर लागू करें: - [ ] डालना - [] sift_up - डालने के लिए आवश्यक @@ -884,11 +873,20 @@ Anki प्रारूप में मेरा फ्लैशकार्ड - [ ] [कार्यान्वयन (सी)] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [कार्यान्वयन (पायथन)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] अमल में लाना: - [] मर्जसॉर्ट: ओ (एन लॉग एन) औसत और सबसे खराब स्थिति - [] क्विकसॉर्ट ओ (एन लॉग एन) औसत मामला - चयन प्रकार और सम्मिलन प्रकार दोनों ओ (एन ^ 2) औसत और सबसे खराब स्थिति हैं - हीपसॉर्ट के लिए, ऊपर हीप डेटा संरचना देखें + - [] आवश्यक नहीं है, लेकिन मैंने उनकी सिफारिश की: - [ ] [सेजविक - रेडिक्स सॉर्ट्स (6 वीडियो)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) - [ ] [1. जावा में स्ट्रिंग्स](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) @@ -945,6 +943,8 @@ Anki प्रारूप में मेरा फ्लैशकार्ड - [ ] [सीएस 61बी 2014: भारित ग्राफ (वीडियो)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [लालची एल्गोरिदम: न्यूनतम फैले हुए पेड़ (वीडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [मजबूत रूप से जुड़े घटक कोसाराजू का एल्गोरिथम ग्राफ़ एल्गोरिथम (वीडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - पूर्ण कौरसेरा कोर्स: - [ ] [ग्राफ़ पर एल्गोरिदम (वीडियो)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1200,10 +1200,11 @@ Anki प्रारूप में मेरा फ्लैशकार्ड इस अनुभाग में छोटे वीडियो होंगे जिन्हें आप अधिकांश महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाओं की समीक्षा करने के लिए बहुत तेज़ी से देख सकते हैं। यदि आप अक्सर एक पुनश्चर्या चाहते हैं तो यह अच्छा है। -- [] 2-3 मिनट के लघु विषय वीडियो की श्रृंखला (23 वीडियो) +- [ ] 2-3 मिनट के लघु विषय वीडियो की श्रृंखला (23 वीडियो) - [वीडियो](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] 2-5 मिनट के लघु विषय वीडियो की श्रृंखला - माइकल साम्बोल (18 वीडियो): - - [वीडियो](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] 2-5 मिनट के लघु विषय वीडियो की श्रृंखला - Michael Sambol (48 वीडियो): + - [वीडियो](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [ ] [सेजविक वीडियो - एल्गोरिदम I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [सेजविक वीडियो - एल्गोरिदम II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -1663,9 +1664,10 @@ Anki प्रारूप में मेरा फ्लैशकार्ड डेटा संरचनाओं के लिए आकर्षक जिसे एक बार बनाया जा सकता है और पुनर्निर्माण के बिना लोड किया जा सकता है, जैसे भाषा शब्दकोश (या प्रोग्राम डिक्शनरी, जैसे असेंबलर या दुभाषिया के ऑपकोड) - [MIT AVL ट्री / AVL सॉर्ट (वीडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) - - [एवीएल पेड़ (वीडियो)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structs/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [एवीएल पेड़ (वीडियो)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structs/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [एवीएल ट्री इंप्लीमेंटेशन (वीडियो)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structs/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [स्प्लिट एंड मर्ज](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - **स्प्ले ट्री** - प्रयोग में: @@ -1691,6 +1693,7 @@ Anki प्रारूप में मेरा फ्लैशकार्ड - [अदुनी - एल्गोरिदम - व्याख्यान 5 (वीडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [रेड-ब्लैक ट्री](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93ब्लैक_ट्री) - [एन इंट्रोडक्शन टू बाइनरी सर्च एंड रेड ब्लैक ट्री](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - **2-3 पेड़ खोजें** - प्रयोग में: @@ -1731,6 +1734,7 @@ Anki प्रारूप में मेरा फ्लैशकार्ड - [MIT 6.851 - मेमोरी पदानुक्रम मॉडल (वीडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - कैशे-अनभिज्ञ बी-पेड़ों को शामिल करता है, बहुत ही रोचक डेटा संरचनाएं - पहले 37 मिनट बहुत तकनीकी हैं, छोड़े जा सकते हैं (बी ब्लॉक आकार, कैश लाइन आकार है) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### के-डी पेड़ diff --git a/translations/README-id.md b/translations/README-id.md index 7ea2d71..5c480e3 100644 --- a/translations/README-id.md +++ b/translations/README-id.md @@ -7,27 +7,6 @@ Versi asli: [Bahasa Inggris](../README.md)

Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University!

-

- Special thanks to: -

-
@@ -463,6 +442,7 @@ Menulis kode pada papan tulis atau kertas, bukan komputer. Uji dengan beberapa s - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) ## Struktur Data @@ -504,6 +484,7 @@ Menulis kode pada papan tulis atau kertas, bukan komputer. Uji dengan beberapa s - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [Kode C (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - bukan keseluruhan video, hanya bagian tentang struct Node dan alokasi memori - [ ] Linked List vs Array: @@ -535,12 +516,14 @@ Menulis kode pada papan tulis atau kertas, bukan komputer. Uji dengan beberapa s - ### Stack - [ ] [Stack (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Tidak akan diterapkan. Implementasi dengan array itu sepele - ### Queue - Queue (Antrean) - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Implementasikan menggunakan linked-list, dengan tail pointer: - enqueue(value) - menambah nilai pada posisi di ekor - dequeue() - mengembalikan nilai dan menghapus elemen yang paling baru ditambahkan (depan) @@ -566,6 +549,7 @@ Menulis kode pada papan tulis atau kertas, bukan komputer. Uji dengan beberapa s - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [ ] [(Lanjutan) Pengacakan: Universal & Hashing Sempurna (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Lanjutan) Hash sempurna (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Kursus Online: - [ ] [Tabel Hash Inti (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) @@ -588,6 +572,7 @@ Menulis kode pada papan tulis atau kertas, bukan komputer. Uji dengan beberapa s - [ ] [Pencarian Biner (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Pencarian Biner (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Implementkan: - pencarian biner (pada susunan bilangan bulat yang diurutkan) - pencarian biner menggunakan rekursi @@ -641,6 +626,9 @@ Menulis kode pada papan tulis atau kertas, bukan komputer. Uji dengan beberapa s - dalam urutan (DFS: kiri, sendiri/self, kanan) - pasca urutan (DFS: kiri, kanan, sendiri/self) - pra urutan (DFS: sendiri/self, kiri, kanan) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Binary search trees: BSTs - [ ] [Ulasan Binary Search Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -691,6 +679,7 @@ Menulis kode pada papan tulis atau kertas, bukan komputer. Uji dengan beberapa s - [ ] [MIT: Heaps dan Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Kuliah 24: Antrian Prioritas (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Menerapkan sebuah max-heap: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - digunakan untuk memasukkan @@ -755,6 +744,14 @@ Menulis kode pada papan tulis atau kertas, bukan komputer. Uji dengan beberapa s - [ ] [Implementasi (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementasi (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Implementasi: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) rata-rata dan kasus terburuk - [ ] Quicksort: O(n log n) kasus rata-rata @@ -818,6 +815,8 @@ Graf (Graphs) dapat digunakan untuk merepresentasikan banyak masalah dalam ilmu - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Graphs berbobot (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Algoritma Serakah: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Komponen yang Sangat Terhubung Algoritma Graphs Algoritma Kosaraju (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Kursus Coursera Penuh: - [ ] [Algoritma pada Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1201,8 +1200,9 @@ Graf (Graphs) dapat digunakan untuk merepresentasikan banyak masalah dalam ilmu - [ ] Seri video subjek pendek berdurasi 2-3 menit (23 video) - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Seri video subjek pendek berdurasi 2-5 menit - Michael Sambol (38 video): - - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Seri video subjek pendek berdurasi 2-5 menit - Michael Sambol (48 video): + - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [ ] [Video Sedgewick - Algoritma I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [Video Sedgewick - Algoritma II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -1606,6 +1606,7 @@ Anda tidak pernah benar-benar selesai. - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [Implementasi AVL Tree (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [Split Dan Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - **Splay trees** - Dalam praktek: @@ -1626,6 +1627,7 @@ Anda tidak pernah benar-benar selesai. - [Aduni - Algoritma - Kuliah 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [Pengantar Pencarian Biner Dan Red-Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - **2-3 search trees** - Dalam praktek: @@ -1665,6 +1667,7 @@ Anda tidak pernah benar-benar selesai. - [MIT 6.851 - Model Hirarki Memori (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees diff --git a/translations/README-it.md b/translations/README-it.md index 9f4bab8..d3c97f1 100644 --- a/translations/README-it.md +++ b/translations/README-it.md @@ -64,27 +64,6 @@ Traduzione in Italiano a Cura di [@volpoh](https://github.com/volpoh)

Diventa uno sponsor e supporta Coding Interview University!

-

- Un ringraziamento speciale a: -

-
@@ -596,6 +575,7 @@ Ma non dimenticare di esercitarti con i problemi, anche durante lo studio! - [Complessità Computazionale: Sezione 1 (Articolo in Inglese)](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Complessità Computazionale: Sezione 2 (Articolo in Inglese)](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat-Sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) Bene, direi che può bastare. @@ -641,6 +621,7 @@ per testare la tua capacità nell'identificare la complessità del runtime di di - [ ] [Liste Linkate Singolarmente (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (Video in Inglese)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (Video in Inglese)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - non il video intero, ma solo nozioni sulla struttura del nodo e l'allocazione della memoria - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: @@ -673,11 +654,13 @@ per testare la tua capacità nell'identificare la complessità del runtime di di - ### Stack - [ ] [Stacks (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Non saranno implementati. Esercitarsi con l'array è quasi banale. - ### Queue - [ ] [Queue (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Buffer Circolare/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Implementazione usando le linked list, con puntatore alla coda: - enqueue(value) - aggiunge un valore alla posizione della coda - dequeue() - returna il valore aggiunto per ultimo e lo rimuove @@ -703,6 +686,7 @@ per testare la tua capacità nell'identificare la complessità del runtime di di - [ ] [PyCon 2017: Dizionario, ma ancora Più Potente (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU) - [ ] [(Avanzato) Randomizzazione: Universale & Hashing Perfetto (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Avanzato) L'hashing perfetto (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Corsi Online: - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) @@ -726,6 +710,7 @@ per testare la tua capacità nell'identificare la complessità del runtime di di - [ ] [Ricerca Binaria (Video in Inglese)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [dettagli](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) - [ ] [progetto](https://leetcode.com/discuss/general-discussion/786126/python-powerful-ultimate-binary-search-template-solved-many-problems) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Implementazione: - ricerca binaria (su array ordinati di interi) - ricerca binaria usando la ricorsione @@ -779,6 +764,9 @@ per testare la tua capacità nell'identificare la complessità del runtime di di - inorder (DFS: sinistra, se stesso, destra) - postorder (DFS: sinistra, destra, se stesso) - preorder (DFS: se stesso, sinistra, destra) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Alberi Binari di Ricerca: BSTs - [ ] [Review Alberi Binari di Ricerca (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -824,6 +812,7 @@ per testare la tua capacità nell'identificare la complessità del runtime di di - [ ] [MIT: Heaps e Ordinamento Heap (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lezione 24: Code di Priorità (Video in Inglese)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Costruire un Heap (max-heap) (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Implementa un max-heap: - [ ] insert - inserisci un valore - [ ] sift_up - neccessario per l'inserimento @@ -888,6 +877,14 @@ per testare la tua capacità nell'identificare la complessità del runtime di di - [ ] [Implementazione (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementazione (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Implementazione: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) caso medio e peggiore - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) caso medio @@ -950,6 +947,8 @@ I grafi possono essere usati per rappresentare molti problemi in informatica, pe - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Grafi Pesati (Video in Inglese)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Algoritmi Greedy: Alberi Ricoprenti Minimi (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Componenti Legati Strettamente, Algoritmo di Kosaraju e Algoritmi per Grafi (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Corsi di Coursera Completi: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1209,8 +1208,9 @@ I grafi possono essere usati per rappresentare molti problemi in informatica, pe - [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject video (23 video) - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject video - Michael Sambol (38 video): - - [video](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject video - Michael Sambol (48 video): + - [video](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [code examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [ ] [Sedgewick video - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [Sedgewick video - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -1675,6 +1675,7 @@ You're never really done. - [AVL Trees (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [AVL Tree Implementation (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - **Splay trees** - In practice: @@ -1700,6 +1701,7 @@ You're never really done. - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lezione 5 (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - **2-3 search trees** - In practice: @@ -1740,6 +1742,7 @@ You're never really done. - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees diff --git a/translations/README-ja.md b/translations/README-ja.md index 21cb9de..e77a518 100644 --- a/translations/README-ja.md +++ b/translations/README-ja.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ # コーディング面接の大学 >私はもともとこれをソフトウェアエンジニアになるための短いトピックリストとして作成しましたが、 ->今日それは大きなリストに成長しました。この調査計画を経て、[私はAmazonで +>今日それは大きなリストに成長しました。この学習計画を経て、[私はAmazonで > ソフトウェアエンジニアとして雇われました!!](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu) >おそらく、あなたは私ほど勉強する必要はないでしょう。とにかく、必要なものはすべてここにあります。 -> +> 私は数ヶ月間、1日約8〜12時間勉強しました。これが私のストーリーです: [Google の面接のために8か月間フルタイムで勉強した理由](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) +>注意してください: あなたは私ほど勉強する必要はありません。私は、知る必要のないことに多くの時間を無駄にしました。詳細については、以下をご覧ください。貴重な時間を無駄にすることなく、必要なことを勉強するのを手伝います。 >ここに掲載されている項目を学べば、Amazon、Facebook、Google、Microsoftなど >大手企業を含む、ほぼすべてのソフトウェア会社の面接に備えることができます。 > @@ -38,468 +39,503 @@

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## これは何? -これは、Webエンジニア(独学で、CS学位なし)から大企業のソフトウェアエンジニアを目指すための私の複数月の学習計画です。 - ![ホワイトボードでのコーディング - HBOのシリコンバレーから](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) -これは、 **新人ソフトウェアエンジニア** 、またはソフトウェア/ Webエンジニアからソフトウェアエンジニア(CSの知識が必要な場合)に転職する人を対象にしています。 -長年のソフトウェアエ開発経験をお持ちの場合は、より面白い面接を期待してください。 +これは、大企業のソフトウェア エンジニアになるための私の数か月にわたる学習計画です。 -あなたに何年ものソフトウェア/Web開発経験がある場合、Google、Amazon、Facebook、Microsoftなどの大規模なソフトウェア会社は、ソフトウェア/Web開発力ではなくソフトウェア工学に関して見ており、そのためにはCSに関する知識が必要となることをご了承ください。 +**必須:** -SREまたはシステムエンジニアになりたい場合は、オプションのリスト(ネットワーク、セキュリティ)から詳細を調べてください。 +- コーディングの経験 (変数、ループ、メソッド/関数など) +- 忍耐 +- 時間 + +これは**ソフトウェア エンジニアリング**の学習計画であり、フロントエンド エンジニアリングやフルスタック開発ではないことに注意してください。 +他の場所でのキャリア パスのスーパー ロードマップとコースワーク (詳細については https://roadmap.sh/ を参照)。 + +大学のコンピューター サイエンス プログラムでは学ぶべきことがたくさんありますが、面接には 75% 程度知っていれば十分なので、ここではそれについて説明します。 +完全な CS 独学プログラムについては、私の学習計画のリソースがカムラン アーメッドのコンピューター サイエンス ロードマップに含まれています: https://roadmap.sh/computer-science --- ## 目次 +### 学習計画 +- [なぜこれを使用するのか](#なぜこれを使用するのか) +- [使い方](#使い方) +- [自信を無くさないでください](#自信を無くさないでください) +- [ビデオリソースに関する注意](#ビデオリソースに関する注意) +- [プログラミング言語を選択してください](#プログラミング言語を選択してください) +- [データ構造とアルゴリズムに関する書籍](#データ構造とアルゴリズムに関する書籍) +- [面接対策本](#面接対策本) +- [私と同じ間違いを犯さないでください](#私と同じ間違いを犯さないでください) +- [取り上げられていないもの](#取り上げられていないもの) +- [日次計画](#日次計画) +- [コーディングに関する質問の練習](#コーディングに関する質問の練習) +- [コーディングの問題](#コーディングの問題) -- [コーディング面接の大学](#コーディング面接の大学) - - [これは何?](#これは何) - - [目次](#目次) - - [なぜこれを使用するのか](#なぜこれを使用するのか) - - [それの使い方](#それの使い方) - - [あなたは十分にスマートではないと感じないでください](#あなたは十分にスマートではないと感じないでください) - - [ビデオリソースについて](#ビデオリソースについて) - - [面接のプロセスと一般的な面接の準備](#面接のプロセスと一般的な面接の準備) - - [面接のための1つの言語を選ぶ](#面接のための1つの言語を選ぶ) - - [ブックリスト](#ブックリスト) - - [面接の準備](#面接の準備) - - [コンピュータアーキテクチャ](#コンピュータアーキテクチャ) - - [言語固有](#言語固有) - - [C++](#c) - - [Java](#java) - - [Python](#python) - - [始める前に](#始める前に) - - [1.あなたはそれをすべて覚えていない](#1あなたはそれをすべて覚えていない) - - [2.フラッシュカードを使用する](#2フラッシュカードを使用する) - - [3.レビュー、レビュー、評価](#3レビューレビュー評価) - - [4.フォーカス](#4フォーカス) - - [カバーされていないもの](#カバーされていないもの) - - [日々の計画](#日々の計画) - - [前提知識](#前提知識) - - [アルゴリズムの複雑さ/ Big-O / Asymptotic解析](#アルゴリズムの複雑さ-big-o--asymptotic解析) - - [データ構造](#データ構造) - - [その他の知識](#その他の知識) - - [木](#木) - - [ソート](#ソート) - - [グラフ](#グラフ) - - [さらに多くの知識](#さらに多くの知識) - - [システム設計、スケーラビリティ、データ処理](#システム設計スケーラビリティデータ処理) - - [最終レビュー](#最終レビュー) - - [コーディングの質問練習](#コーディングの質問練習) - - [コード演習/挑戦](#コード演習挑戦) - - [面接に近づいたら](#面接に近づいたら) - - [あなたの履歴書](#あなたの履歴書) - - [面接が来たときに考えてください](#面接が来たときに考えてください) - - [面接官に質問があります](#面接官に質問があります) - - [一度あなたは仕事を得た](#一度あなたは仕事を得た) - - [その他の書籍](#その他の書籍) - - [その他の学習](#その他の学習) - - [追加科目の詳細](#追加科目の詳細) - - [ビデオシリーズ](#ビデオシリーズ) - - [コンピュータサイエンスコース](#コンピュータサイエンスコース) +### 研究のテーマ + +- [アルゴリズムの複雑さ / Big-O / 漸近分析](#アルゴリズムの複雑さ/Big-O/漸近分析) +- [データ構造](#データ構造) + - [配列](#配列) + - [連結リスト](#連結リスト) + - [スタック](#スタック) + - [キュー](#キュー) + - [ハッシュテーブル](#ハッシュテーブル) +- [その他の知識](#その他の知識) + - [二分探索](#二分探索) + - [ビット演算](#ビット演算) +- [ツリー](#ツリー) + - [ツリーとは](#ツリーとは) + - [二分探索木:BST](#二分探索木:BST) + - [ヒープ/優先度つきキュー/二分ヒープ](#ヒープ/優先度つきキュー/二分ヒープ) + - バランスの取れた検索ツリー (詳細ではなく一般的な概念) + - トラバーサル: プレオーダー、インオーダー、 postorder、BFS、DFS +- [ソート](#ソート) + - 選択 + - 挿入 + - ヒープソート + - クイック + ソート - マージソート +- [グラフ](#グラフ) + - 有向 + - 無向 + - 隣接行列 + - 隣接リスト + - 走査: BFS、DFS +- [さらに多くの知識](#さらに多くの知識) + - [再帰](#再帰) + - [動的プログラミング](#動的プログラミング) + - [デザインパターン](#デザインパターン) + - [組み合わせ論(nからkを選択)と確率](#組み合わせ論(nからkを選択)と確率) + - [NP、NP-完全/近似アルゴリズム](#NP、NP-完全/近似アルゴリズム) + - [コンピューターがプログラムを処理する仕組み](#コンピューターがプログラムを処理する仕組み) + - [キャッシュ](#キャッシュ) + - [プロセスとスレッド](#プロセスとスレッド) + - [テスト](#テスト) + - [文字列の検索と操作](#文字列の検索と操作) + - [トライ](#トライ) + - [浮動小数点数](#浮動小数点数) + - [Unicode](#unicode) + - [エンディアン](#エンディアン) + - [ネットワーキング](#ネットワーキング) +- [最終レビュー](#最終レビュー) ## なぜこれを使用するのか -私はこのプロジェクトを始めたとき、ヒープからスタックを知りませんでしたし、Big-O とは何か、木構造に関すること、グラフをたどる方法を知らなかったのです。 -ソートアルゴリズムをコーディングしなければならない場合は、あまりうまくいきませんでした。 -これまで使用してきたすべてのデータ構造は言語に組み込まれていて、どのようにしてそれらがどのようにして動作するのか分かりませんでした。 -私が実行していたプロセスが "メモリ不足"エラーを出さない限り、メモリを管理する必要はありませんでしたが、回避策を見つけなければなりません。 -私は人生で数多くの多次元配列を使用していましたが、何千もの連想配列を使用しましたが、データ構造を一から作成したことはありません。 +大企業でソフトウェア エンジニアとして働きたいのであれば、これらのことを知っておく必要があります。 +私のようにコンピューター サイエンスの学位を取得できなかった場合は、これで人生の 4 年間取り戻すことができます。 -それは長い計画です。あなたに数ヶ月かかるかもしれません。 -すでに多くのことに慣れていれば、それほど時間がかかりません。 +このプロジェクトを始めたとき、私はヒープからのスタックのことも、Big-O のことも、木についても、何も知りませんでした。 +グラフを横断します。もし私が並べ替えアルゴリズムをコーディングしなければならなかったとしたら、それは酷いことになるでしょう。 +私がこれまで使用してきたデータ構造はすべて言語に組み込まれており、それがどのように機能するのかわかりませんでした。 +ボンネットの下にはまったくありません。実行しているプロセスで「不足」が発生しない限り、メモリを管理する必要はありませんでした。 +「memory」エラーが発生した場合は、回避策を見つける必要があります。私は人生でいくつかの多次元配列を使用しましたが、 +何千もの連想配列を作成しましたが、データ構造を最初から作成したことはありません。 -## それの使い方 +長い計画ですね。何か月もかかるかもしれません。しかし、すでにこの内容の多くに精通している場合は、時間ははるかに短くなります。 -下のすべてがアウトラインです。 -アイテムを上から下に順番に取り組まなければなりません。 +## 使い方 -私はGithubの特別なマークダウンフレーバーを使用しています。 +以下はすべて概要であり、順に項目に取り組む必要があります。 -**新しいブランチを作成して、このような項目をチェックできるようにしてください.xを角かっこに入れてください:[x]** +私は進捗状況を追跡するためのタスク リストを含む、GitHub 風マークダウン を使用しています。 +- [GitHub 風マークダウンの詳細](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) -    ブランチをフォークし、以下のコマンドに従ってください。 +### git を使用したくない場合 -`git checkout -b progress` +このページで、上部近くの「Code」ボタンをクリックし、「Download ZIP」をクリックします。ファイルを解凍すると、テキスト ファイルを操作できるようになります。 -`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` +マークダウンを理解できるコード エディターで開いている場合は、すべてが適切にフォーマットされていることを確認できます。 -`git fetch --all` +![リポジトリを zip ファイルとしてダウンロードする方法](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/how-to-download-as-zip.png) -    変更を完了した後にXですべてのボックスにマークを付ける +### git に慣れている場合 -`git add . ` +新しいブランチを作成して、次のような項目を確認できるようにします。括弧内に x を入力するだけです: [x] -`git commit -m "マークされたx"` +1. **_GitHub リポジトリ:_** `https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` をフォーク ボタンをクリックしてフォークします。 -`git rebase jwasham/main` + ![GitHub リポジトリをフォークする](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/fork-button.png) -`git push --force` +1. ローカル リポジトリにクローンを作成します。 -[Github風マークダウンの詳細](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) + ```bash + git clone https://github.com//coding-interview-university.git + cd coding-interview-university + git remote add upstream https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university.git + git remote set-url --push upstream DISABLE # 個人の進捗を元のレポにプッシュバックしないようにするため + ``` -## あなたは十分にスマートではないと感じないでください -- 成功したソフトウェアエンジニアはスマートですが、多くの人はスマートではないという不安があります。 -- [天才プログラマーの神話](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) -- [一人で行くのは危険だ:テクノロジーの見えない魔物と戦う](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) +1. 変更を完了したら、すべてのボックスに X を付けます。 + + ```bash + git commit -am "Marked personal progress" + git pull upstream main # 元のレポからの変更でフォークを最新に保つ + + git push # フォークにプッシュするだけ + ``` + +## 自信を無くさないでください + +- 成功した多くのソフトウェア エンジニアは自分が十分に賢くないのではないかという不安を抱えています。 +- 次のビデオは、この不安を解消するのに役立ちます。 + - [天才プログラマーの神話](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) + - [一人で行動するのは危険です: テクノロジーにおける目に見えないモンスターとの戦い](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) --- -## ビデオリソースについて +## ビデオリソースに関する注意 -一部のビデオは、Coursera、EdX、またはLynda.comクラスに登録することによってのみ利用できます。 -これらはMOOCと呼ばれています。 -時にはクラスがセッションに入っていないので、数ヶ月待つ必要があるため、アクセス権がありません。 -Lynda.comコースは有料です。 +一部のビデオは、Coursera または EdX クラスに登録することによってのみ視聴できます。 +これらは MOOC と呼ばれます。 +場合によっては、クラスが開催されていないため、数か月待たなければならず、アクセスできないこともあります。 -オンラインコースビデオに付随するYouTubeビデオなど、無料で常時利用可能なパブリックソースを追加することに感謝します。 -私は大学の講義を使うのが好きです。 +オンラインコースのリソースを、YouTube ビデオ (できれば大学の講義) など、いつでも利用できる無料の公開ソースに置き換えて、特定のオンラインコースの開催中だけでなく、いつでも学習できるようにするのは素晴らしいことです。 +## プログラミング言語を選択してください -## 面接のプロセスと一般的な面接の準備 +コーディング面接に使用するプログラミング言語を選択する必要がありますが、コンピューターサイエンスの概念を学習するために使用できる言語も見つける必要があります。 -- [ ] [ABC:常にコーディングする](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) -- [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) -- [ ] [技術職募集での謎解き](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) -- [ ] クラッキングコーディング面接セット1: - - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - コーディング面接(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) - - [ ] [Gayle Laakmann McDowell(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ)とのコーディング面接をクラッキング -- [ ] ビッグ4で仕事を得る方法: - - [ ] [Amazon、Facebook、Google、Microsoftで仕事を手に入れる方法(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) -- [ ] 準備コース: - - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed(有料コース)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): - - 以前のGoogle面接官からソフトウェアエンジニアの面接準備をする方法を学びます。 - - [ ] [データ構造、アルゴリズム、面接のためのPython! (有料コース)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): - - データ構造、アルゴリズム、模擬面接などを扱うPython中心の面接の準備コース。 +できれば、どちらか 1 つの言語に習熟するだけで済むように、言語が同じであることが望ましいです。 -## 面接のための1つの言語を選ぶ +### この学習計画について -面接のコーディングの部分に慣れ親しんだ言語を使用することはできますが、大企業にとってはこれらの選択肢が確実です。 +学習計画を立てたとき、そのほとんどで C と Python の 2 つの言語を使用しました。 -- C ++ +* C: 非常に低いレベル。ポインタとメモリの割り当て / 割り当て解除を処理できるため、データ構造を実感できます。 + そしてアルゴリズムが骨の中に組み込まれています。Python や Java などの高水準言語では、これらは表示されません。日々の仕事ではそれは素晴らしいことですが、これらの低レベルのデータ構造がどのように構築されるかを学んでいるときは、実際に近いと感じるのは素晴らしいことです。 + - C はどこにでもあります。勉強していると、書籍、講義、ビデオなど、*あらゆる場所*で例を見ることができます。 + - [C プログラミング言語 第 2 版](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - これは短い本ですが、少し練習すれば C 言語をうまく扱えるようになります。 + すぐに上達します。C を理解すると、プログラムとメモリがどのように機能するかを理解するのに役立ちます。 + - 本を深く読み込む必要はありません(読み終える必要さえありません)。C で快適に読み書きできるところまで進んでください。 +* Python: 現代的で表現力が非常に豊かです。非常に便利で、面接で記述するコードの量も少なくて済むため、私はこれを学びました。 + +これが私の好みです。もちろん、好きなことをしてください。 +必要ないかもしれませんが、新しい言語を学習するためのサイトをいくつか紹介します。 +- [exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks) +- [codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/for-developers/) +- [SCALER Topics (Java、C++)](https://www.scaler.com/topics/) + +### コーディング面接用 + +面接のコーディング部分には、使い慣れた言語を使用できますが、大企業の場合は、次の言語を選択するのが確実です。 + +- C++ - Java - Python -これらを使用することもできますが、最初に読んでください。注意が必要な場合があります: +これらを使用することもできますが、最初に読んでください。注意事項がある場合があります: - JavaScript - Ruby -あなたは言語に非常に慣れて知識が必要です。 +面接の言語の選択について私が書いた記事は次のとおりです: +[Pick One Language for the Coding Interview](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/). -選択肢についてもっと読む: -- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ -- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ +これは私の投稿の元の記事です: +[Choosing a Programming Language for Interviews](https://web.archive.org/web/20210516054124/http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/) -[言語リソースはこちら](programming-language-resources.md) +言語に非常に慣れており、知識が豊富である必要があります。 -私は学習しているので、以下に含まれるC、C ++、Pythonの学習を見ることができます。 -いくつかの本があります、下を参照してください。 +選択肢について詳しくは、次を参照してください。 +- [Choose the Right Language for Your Coding Interview](http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/) -## ブックリスト +[ここで言語固有のリソースを参照してください](programming-language-resources.md) -これは私が使ったものよりも短いリストです。これは時間を節約するために省略されています。 +## データ構造とアルゴリズムに関する書籍 -### 面接の準備 +### C -- [ ] [プログラミング面接の公開:あなたの次の仕事への秘密、第2版](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) - - C ++とJavaの回答 - - コーディング面接をクラッキングするためのウォームアップが良い - - あまりにも難しくない、ほとんどの問題はあなたが面接で(私が読んだことから)見ることよりも簡単かもしれない -- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview、第6版](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) -- [ ] [日本語版(世界で闘うプログラミング力を鍛える本)](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4839960100/ref=cm_sw_r_tw_dp_6TFC3Y2R6TQTDEFFFPKZ) - - Javaでの回答 - -もし余分な時間があれば: - -- [ ] [プログラミング面接の要素(C ++版)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) -- [ ] プログラミング面接の要素(Java版) - - [本](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) - - [コンパニオンプロジェクト - 本のすべての問題のメソッドスタブとテストケース](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) - -### コンピュータアーキテクチャ - -短期: - -- [ ] [グレートコードの作成:第1巻:マシンの理解](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) -- [ ] [日本語版:Write Great Code〈Vol.1〉ハードウェアを知り、ソフトウェアを書く](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4839918201/ref=cm_sw_r_tw_dp_69724M3EHRJ8E7A14JNC) - - この本は2004年に出版され、幾分古いですが、コンピュータを簡単に理解するには素晴らしいリソースです。 - - 作者はHLAを発明したので、塩の穀物でHLAの言及と例を取り上げます。広く使われているわけではありませんが、どのようなアセンブリのように見えますか? - - これらの章はあなたに素敵な基礎を与えるために読む価値があります: - - 第2章 - 数値表現 - - 第3章 - 2進算術とビット演算 - - 第4章 - 浮動小数点表現 - - 第5章 - キャラクター表現 - - 第6章 - メモリ構成とアクセス - - 第7章 - 複合データ型とメモリオブジェクト - - 第9章 - CPUアーキテクチャ - - 第10章 - 命令セットのアーキテクチャ - - 第11章 - メモリのアーキテクチャと構成 - -もっと時間があれば(私はこの本が欲しい): - -- [ ] [Computer Architecture、第5版:定量的アプローチ](https://www.amazon.com/dp/012383872X/) -- [ ] [日本語最新版:コンピュータアーキテクチャ[第6版]定量的アプローチ](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4434264001/) - - お金がある人向け、より最新(2017(日本語版は2019))かつ歴史も長い - -### 言語固有 - -**面接の言語を選択する必要があります(上記参照)。** ここで私の推奨する言語です。私はすべての言語のためのリソースがありません。私は追加を歓迎する。 - -これらのうちの1つを読んだら、コーディングの問題を開始するために必要なすべてのデータ構造とアルゴリズムの知識が必要です。 -**あなたがレビューをしたくない場合は、このプロジェクト**のビデオ講義をすべてスキップすることができます。 - -[ここに言語固有の追加リソースがあります](programming-language-resources.md) - -### C++ - -私はこれらの2つを読んだことはありませんが、Sedgewickによって高く評価され書かれています。彼は素晴らしいです。 - -- [ ] [C++でのアルゴリズム、パート1-4:基礎、データ構造、ソート、検索](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) -- [ ] [C++でのアルゴリズム第5部:グラフアルゴリズム](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) - -C++の推奨事項がある場合は、私に知らせてください。包括的なリソースを探しています。 - -### Java - -- [ ] [アルゴリズム(Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) - - 書籍コンテンツの動画(とSedgewick!): - - [アルゴリズム1](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=2) - - [アルゴリズムII](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=3&view=50&sort=dd) - -OR: - -- [ ] [Javaにおけるデータ構造とアルゴリズム](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) - - Goodrich、Tamassia、Goldwasserによる - - UCバークレーのCSイントロコースのオプションテキストとして使用 - - 下のPython版の私の本のレポートを見てください。この本は同じトピックを扱っています。 +- [Algorithms in C, Parts 1-5 (Bundle), 3rd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-5-Bundle-Fundamentals/dp/0201756080) + - 基礎、データ構造、並べ替え、検索、およびグラフのアルゴリズム ### Python -- [ ] [Pythonのデータ構造とアルゴリズム](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) - - Goodrich、Tamassia、Goldwasserによる - - 私はこの本が好きだった。それはすべてをカバーしました。 - - Pythonコード - - 私の輝く本のレポート:https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ +- [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - グッドリッチ、タマッシア、ゴールドワッサー著 + - この本が大好きでした。それはすべてを網羅し、それ以上のものでした。 + - Python コード + - 私の素晴らしい本のレポート: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structions-and-algorithms-in-python/ +### Java +- Goodrich、Tamassia、Goldwasser + - [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) +- セッジウィックとウェイン: + - [Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - この本をカバーする無料の Coursera コース (著者が教えます!): + - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) -## 始める前に +### C++ -このリストは何ヶ月にもわたって成長しました。 +- Goodrich、Tamassia、および Mount + - [Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, 2nd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/0470383275) +- Sedgewick と Wayne + - [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) + - [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) -ここで私が作ったいくつかの間違いがあります。 -あなたはより良い経験をするでしょう。 +## 面接対策本 -### 1.あなたはそれをすべて覚えていない +たくさん買う必要はありません。正直なところ、「コーディング面接の攻略」で十分だと思いますが、さらに練習するためにさらに購入しました。しかし、私はいつもやりすぎます。 -私は数時間のビデオを見て、豊富なメモを取りました。 -そして数ヶ月後に私は覚えていないほどでした。 -私はメモを書き、フラッシュカードを作って見直すことができるように3日間過ごしました。 +これを両方購入しました。彼らは私にたくさんの練習をさせてくれました。 -あなたが私と同じ間違いをしないように読んでください: +- [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) + - C++ および Java での回答 + - これコーディング面接を突破するための良いウォーミングアップです + - それほど難しいことではありません。ほとんどの問題は、インタビューで見られるものよりも簡単かもしれません (私が読んだ内容によると) +- [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - Java での回答 -[コンピュータ科学知識の保持](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) +### 時間がたくさんある場合: -### 2.フラッシュカードを使用する +1 つ選択してください: -この問題を解決するために、私は2種類のフラッシュカード、一般とコードを追加できる小さなフラッシュカードサイトを作った。 -各カードのフォーマットは異なります。 +- [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) -私はモバイル先のウェブサイトを作ったので、どこにいても電話とタブレットを見直すことができました。 +## 私と同じ間違いを犯さないでください -あなた自身を無料で作る: +このリストは何か月もかけて大きくなり、はい、手に負えなくなりました。 + +より良い経験をしていただくために、私が犯したいくつかの間違いを以下に示します。そして、何か月も時間を節約できます。 + +### 1. すべてを覚えているわけではない + +時間もビデオを見て大量のメモを取りましたが、数か月後には覚えていないことがたくさんありました。 +3日間かけてメモを見直し、フラッシュカードを作成して復習しましたが、そんな知識は必要ありませんでした。 + +私と同じ間違いを犯さないように、 + +[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) を読んでください。 + +### 2. フラッシュカードを使用する + +この問題を解決するために、一般とコードの 2 種類のフラッシュカードを追加できる小さなフラッシュカード サイトを作成しました。 +各カードには異なる形式があります。どこにいても携帯電話やタブレットでレビューできるように、モバイルファーストのウェブサイトを作成しました。 + +無料で独自に作成します。 - [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [マイフラッシュカードデータベース(旧1200カード)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): -- [マイフラッシュカードデータベース(新1800カード)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): -覚えておいてほしいのですが,私はやりすぎてしまい、アセンブリ言語,機械学習のためのPythonのトリビア,統計に至るまですべてのカードをカバーしています。 -何が必要なのかはあまりにも大変です。 +**フラッシュカードの使用はお勧めしません。** フラッシュカードが多すぎて、ほとんどがトリビアです。必要ありません。 -**フラッシュカードについての注意:** 最初に答えを知っているときは、それを既知のものとしてマークしないでください。 -あなたは本当にそれを知る前に、同じカードを見て、それを正しく数回答えなければなりません。 -繰り返すことで、その知識があなたの脳に深く浸透します。 +しかし、私の言うことを聞きたくない場合は、ここからどうぞ: +- [My flash cards database (1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [My flash cards database (extreme - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): +やりすぎて、アセンブリ言語や Python のトリビアから機械学習や統計まで、あらゆるものをカバーするカードがあることに注意してください。 +必要なものが多すぎます。 -私のフラッシュカードサイトを使用する代わりに[Anki](http://ankisrs.net/)が何度も私に勧められています。 -繰り返しシステムを使用して覚えやすくなります。 -ユーザーフレンドリーで、すべてのプラットフォームで利用でき、クラウド同期システムを備えています。 -iOSでは25ドル、他のプラットフォームでは無料です。 +**フラッシュカードに関する注意:** 初めて答えを知っていると気づいたときは、その答えを既知としてマークしないでください。 +本当に理解するには、同じカードを見て何度か正しく答える必要があります。 +繰り返すことで知識が脳に深く定着します。 -Anki形式の私のフラッシュカードデータベース:https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560(thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) +私のフラッシュカード サイトを使用する代わりに、[Anki](http://ankisrs.net/) が私に何度も勧められてきました。 +繰り返しシステムを使用しているので、覚えやすくなります。ユーザーフレンドリーで、すべてのプラットフォームで利用でき、クラウド同期システムを備えています。 +iOS では 25 ドルかかりますが、他のプラットフォームでは無料です。 +Anki 形式のフラッシュカード データベース: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)). -### 3.レビュー、レビュー、評価 +一部の学生は、空白に関する書式の問題について次の手順を実行することで修正できると述べています。デッキを開いて、カードを編集し、カードをクリックし、「スタイル」ラジオ ボタンを選択して、メンバー「white-space: pre;」を追加します。カードクラスへ。 -私は、ASCII、OSI参照モデル、Big-O記法などのチートシートを用意しています。私は余裕があるときに勉強します。 +### 3. 学習中にコーディング面接の質問をする -プログラミングの問題から30分ほど休み、フラッシュカードを通過してください。 +これは非常に重要です。 -### 4.フォーカス +データ構造とアルゴリズムを学習しながら、コーディング面接の質問に答え始めます。 -貴重な時間を費やす可能性のある注意散漫がたくさんあります。集中と集中が難しい。 +問題を解決するには、学んだことを応用する必要があります。そうしないと忘れてしまいます。私はこの間違いを犯しました。 -## カバーされていないもの +トピックを学習し、**リンク リスト** などにある程度慣れたら: +1. [面接対策本](#面接対策本)のいずれかを開きます(または、以下にリストされているコーディングに関する問題の Web サイト) +1. 次の学習トピックに進みます。 +1. その後、戻って別の 2 つまたは 3 つのリンク リストの問題を解きます。 +1. 新しいトピックを学ぶたびにこれを行います。 -これらは一般的な技術ですが、この調査計画の一部ではありません: +**学習後ではなく、学習している間も問題を解き続けてください。** + +あなたは知識のために雇われているのではなく、その知識をどのように応用するかによって雇われているのです。 + +以下に示すように、これに関する多くのリソースがあります。続けて。 + +### 4. 集中する + +気を散らすものがたくさんあり、貴重な時間が奪われてしまう可能性があります。集中力と集中力は難しいです。歌詞のない音楽をかける +と、かなり集中できるようになります。 + +## 取り上げられていないもの + +以下は一般的なテクノロジですが、この学習計画には含まれていません: -- [SQL](https://www.scaler.com/topics/sql/) - Javascript -- HTML、CSS、およびその他のフロントエンド技術 +- HTML、CSS、およびその他のフロントエンドテクノロジ +- SQL -## 日々の計画 +## 日次計画 -一部の科目は1日を要し、いくつかは複数日を要する。 -いくつかは、何も実装することなく学習しているだけです。 +このコースでは多くの主題について説明します。おそらくそれぞれに数日、場合によっては 1 週間以上かかる場合があります。それはあなたのスケジュール次第です。 -毎日私は以下のリストから1つのテーマを取り上げ、そのテーマに関するビデオを見て、以下の実装を書いています: -- C - struct*と何か他のものをargsとする構造体と関数を使用する。 -- C++ - 組み込み型を使用しない -- C++ - 連結リストのSTLのstd :: listのような組込み型の使用 -- Python - 組み込み型を使用する(Pythonの練習を続ける) -- 簡単なassert()文を使って、時には正しく動作することを保証するテストを書く -- あなたはJavaや他の何かをするかもしれませんが、これは私のことです。 +毎日、リストの次の主題を取り上げ、その主題に関するビデオをいくつか見てから、 +このコース用に選択した言語でそのデータ構造またはアルゴリズムの実装を作成します。 -あなたはこれらのすべてを必要としません。[面接のために必要な言語は1つだけです](面接のための1つの言語を選択します)。 +私のコードはここで見ることができます: + - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python]( https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) -なぜこれらすべてのコード? -- 私はそれが病気になるまで練習、練習、練習をし、何の問題もありません(忘れてはいけないことがいくつかあります) -- 生の制約内で作業する(ガベージコレクションの助けを借りずにメモリを割り当てる/解放する(Pythonを除く)) -- 組み込みの型を利用して、実際の使用のために組み込みのツールを使用した経験を持ちます(本番環境で自分のリンクされたリストの実装を書くつもりはありません) +すべてのアルゴリズムを覚える必要はありません。独自の実装を作成できる程度に理解できれば十分です。 -私はすべてのテーマでこれらのすべてをやる時間がないかもしれませんが、私は試してみます。 +## コーディングに関する質問の練習 -あなたは私のコードをここに見ることができます: -- [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) -- [C ++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) -- [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + なぜこれがここにあるのでしょうか? 面接する準備ができていません。 -あなたはすべてのアルゴリズムの内容を暗記する必要はありません。 +[その後、戻ってこれを読んでください。](#学習中にコーディング面接の質問をする) -コンピューターではなく、ホワイトボードや紙にコードを書く。いくつかのサンプル入力でテストします。次に、コンピュータでテストします。 +プログラミングの問題を練習する必要がある理由: +- 問題の認識、および適切なデータ構造とアルゴリズムがどこに適合するか +- 問題の要件を収集する +- 面接で行うのと同じように、問題について自分なりに説明する +- コンピューターではなく、ホワイトボードまたは紙にコーディングする +- 解決策のための時間と空間の複雑さを考え出す (下記の Big-O を参照) +- テストあなたの解決策 -## 前提知識 +面接で体系的かつコミュニケーション的に問題を解決するための素晴らしい入門書があります。これはプログラミングのインタビュー本からもわかります +が、私はこれが素晴らしいと思いました: +[Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) -- [ ] **Cを学ぶ** - - Cはどこにでもあります。あなたは勉強している間、書籍、講義、ビデオ、*どこにでも*見ることができます。 - - [ ] [Cプログラミング言語、Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) - - これは短い本ですが、それはC言語の優れた処理方法を提供します。 - 少しでも練習すれば、すばやく習得できます。 Cを理解すると、プログラムやメモリの仕組みを理解するのに役立ちます。 - - [質問への回答](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) +コードを紙ではなく、ホワイトボードまたは紙に書きます。コンピューター。いくつかのサンプル入力を使用してテストします。次に、それを入力してコンピュータでテストします。 -- [ ] **コンピュータがプログラムをどのように処理するか:** - - [ ] [CPUがプログラム(ビデオ)をどのように実行するか](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) - - [ ] [マシンコード命令(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2XQgpbTNE) +家にホワイトボードがない場合は、画材店で大きな描画パッドを購入してください。ソファに座って練習することもできます。 +こちらは私の「ソファホワイトボード」です。写真ではスケールを調整するためにペンを追加しました。ペンを使っていると、消せたらいいのにと思うでしょう。 +すぐに散らかります。**鉛筆と消しゴムを使用します。** -## アルゴリズムの複雑さ/ Big-O / Asymptotic解析 -- 実装するものは何もない -- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - 漸近表記(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) -- [ ] [BigO記法(一般的なクイックチュートリアル)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) -- [ ] [BigO表記(とオメガとシータ) - 最良の数学的説明(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [ ] Skiena: - - [動画](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [スライド](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) -- [ ] [アルゴリズム複雑さ分析への穏やかな紹介](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) -- [ ] [成長の命令(ビデオ)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/59) -- [ ] [漸近線(Asymptotics)(video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/61) -- [ ] [UCバークレー BigO(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/VIS4YDpuP98) -- [ ] [UCバークレー Big オメガ(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/ca3e7UVmeUc) -- [ ] [償却分析(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [ ] [「Big Oを描く」(ビデオ)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/63) -- [ ] TopCoder(漸化関係とマスター定理を含む): - - [計算の複雑さ:セクション1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - - [計算の複雑さ:セクション2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) +![my sofa whiteboar](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) + +**コーディングの問題の練習は、プログラミングの問題の答えを覚えることではありません。** + +## コーディングの問題 + +[ここ](#面接対策本) の主要なコーディング インタビュー ブックを忘れないでください。 + +問題の解決: +- [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/How%20To%20Find%20a%20Solution) +- [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/How%20To%20Dissect%20a%20Topcoder%20Problem%20Statement%20Content) + +コーディング インタビューの質問ビデオ: +- [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - 問題解決策のウォークスルーに最適 +- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 Videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - ソリューションとコードの適切な説明 + - 短時間で何本も視聴できる +- [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) + +チャレンジ/練習サイト: +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) + - 私のお気に入りのコーディングの問題サイト。おそらく準備する 1 ~ 2 か月分の購読料を払う価値があります。 + - コードのウォークスルーについては、上記の Nick White と FisherCoder のビデオを参照してください。 +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [Codeforces](https://codeforces.com/) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/explore/?page=1) +- [AlgoExpert](https://www.algoexpert.io/product) + - Google のエンジニアによって作成されたこれは、スキルを磨くための優れたリソースでもあります。 +- [Project Euler](https://projecteuler.net/) + - 非常に数学に重点が置かれており、コーディング面接にはあまり適していません + +## 始めましょう + +さて、話は十分です、学びましょう! + +ただし、学習中に上記のコーディング問題に取り組むことを忘れないでください。 + +## アルゴリズムの複雑さ/Big-O/漸近分析 + +- ここでは何も実装する必要はありません。ビデオを見てメモを取るだけです。わーい! +- ここにはたくさんのビデオがあります。理解できるまで十分に見てください。いつでも戻ってレビューすることができます。 +- 背後にある数学がすべて理解できなくても心配する必要はありません。 +- Big-O の観点からアルゴリズムの複雑さを表現する方法を理解する必要があるだけです。 +- [ ] [ハーバード CS50 - 漸近記法 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [Big O Notations (一般的なクイック チュートリアル) (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [Big O Notation (およびオメガとシータ) - 最良の数学的説明 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] [スキエナ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1mkCe3kVUA) +- [ ] [カリフォルニア大学バークレー校ビッグオー (動画)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [償却分析 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] TopCoder (漸化式とマスター定理を含む): + - [計算の複雑さ: セクション 1](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Computational%20Complexity%20part%20one) + - [計算の複雑さ: セクション 2](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Computational%20Complexity%20part%20two) - [ ] [チートシート](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) -    講義の中には数学的にも余裕がある場合は、下にジャンプして -    離散数学ビデオを見て、背景知識を得る。 +まあ、それだけで十分です。 + +「コーディング インタビューの解読」を進めると、これに関する章があり、最後に、さまざまなアルゴリズムの実行時の複雑さを特定できるかどうかを確認するクイズがあります。それはスーパーレビューとテストです。 ## データ構造 - ### 配列 - - 自動的にサイズ変更ベクトルを実装する。 - - [ ] 説明: - - [配列(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) - - [UCBerkley CS61B - 線形および多次元配列(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/Wp8oiO_CZZE?t=15m32s) - - [基本的な配列(video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Basic-arrays/149042/177104-4.html) - - [多次元(video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Multidimensional-arrays/149042/177105-4.html) - - [動的配列(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) - - [ジャグ配列(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) - - [ジャグ配列(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Jagged-arrays/149042/177106-4.html) - - [配列のサイズ変更(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Resizable-arrays/149042/177108-4.html) - - [ ] ベクトルを実装する(自動サイズ変更可能な可変配列): - - [ ] 配列とポインタを使用してコーディングを実践し、インデックスを使用する代わりにインデックスにジャンプするポインタ演算 - - [ ] 割り当てられたメモリを持つ新しい生データ配列 - - 内部で配列を割り当てることができますが、その機能は使用しません。 - - 16で開始するか、開始番号が大きい場合は、2 - 16,32,64,128の出力を使用します - - [ ] size() - 項目数 - - [ ] capacity() - 保持できるアイテムの数 - - [ ] is_empty() - - [ ] at(index) - 指定されたインデックスでitemを返し、インデックスが範囲外であれば吹き飛ばす - - [ ] push(item) - - [ ] insert(index,item) - itemをindexに挿入し、そのインデックスの値と末尾の要素を右側にシフトする - - [ ] prepend(item) - インデックス0に上記の挿入を使用できます - - [ ] pop() - 最後から削除し、値を返す - - [ ] delete(index) - インデックスの項目を削除し、すべての末尾の要素を左にシフトする - - [ ] remove(item) - 値を探し、それを保持するインデックスを削除します(複数の場所であっても) - - [ ] find(item) - valueを検索し、その値を持つ最初のインデックスを返します。見つからなければ-1を返します。 - - [ ] resize(new_capacity)//プライベート関数 - - 容量に達すると、サイズを2倍に変更します - - アイテムをポップするとき、サイズが容量の1/4である場合、サイズを半分に変更 + - [ ] 配列について: + - [アレイ CS50 ハーバード大学](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tI_tIZFyKBw&t=3009s) + - [配列 (動画)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/arrays-OsBSF) + - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (動画) (15 分 32 秒から視聴開始)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (Start watching from 15m 32s) + - [動的配列 (動画)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/dynamic-arrays-EwbnV) + - [ギザギザ配列 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [ ] ベクトルを実装します (自動サイズ変更を備えた可変配列): + - [ ] 配列とポインターを使用したコーディングと、インデックスを使用する代わりにインデックスにジャンプするポインターの計算を練習します。 + - [ ] メモリが割り当てられた新しい生データ配列 + - 内部で int 配列を割り当てることができますが、その機能は使用できません + - 16 から開始するか、開始番号がそれより大きい場合は、2 のべき乗 - 16、32、64、128 を使用します。 + - [ ] size() - アイテムの数 + - [ ] Capacity() - 保持できるアイテムの数 + - [ ] is_empty() + - [ ] at(index) - 指定されたインデックスにある項目を返します。インデックスが範囲外の場合は爆発します。 + - [ ] プッシュ(アイテム) + - [ ] insert(index, item) - インデックスに項目を挿入し、そのインデックスの値と末尾の要素を右にシフトします + - [ ] prepend(item) - インデックス 0 の上に挿入を使用できます + - [ ] Pop() - 末尾から削除し、値を返します + - [ ] delete(index) - インデックスにある項目を削除し、末尾の要素をすべて左にシフトします + - [ ]remove(item) - 値を検索し、それを保持するインデックスを削除します (複数の場所にある場合でも) + - [ ] find(item) - 値を検索し、その値を持つ最初のインデックスを返します。見つからない場合は -1 を返します。 + - [ ]size(new_capacity) // プライベート関数 + - 容量に達したら、サイズを 2 倍に変更します + - アイテムをポップするとき、サイズが容量の 1/4 の場合、サイズを半分に変更します - [ ] 時間 - - 最後に追加/削除するO(1)(スペースを増やすために償却される)、索引、または更新 - - 他の場所に挿入/削除するO(n) - - [ ] 空間 - - メモリ内で連続しているため、プロキシミティはパフォーマンスに役立ちます - - 必要なスペース=(配列の容量, > = n)*アイテムのサイズですが、2nでもO(n) + - O(1) は、最後に追加/削除 (より多くの領域の割り当てのために償却)、インデックス付け、または更新を行います。 + - O(n) は他の場所に挿入/削除します + - [ ] 空間 + - メモリ内で連続しているため、近接性によりパフォーマンスが向上します + - 必要なスペース = (配列の容量、>= n) * 項目のサイズ、ただし 2n であっても O(n) - ### 連結リスト - [ ] 説明: - - [ ] [単独連結されたリスト(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) + - [ ] [単独連結されたリスト(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - [ ] [CS 61B - 連結リスト1(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htzJdKoEmO0&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=7) - [ ] [CS 61B - 連結リスト2(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-c4I3gFYe3w&index=8&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [[レビュー] 4 分でわかるリンクリスト (動画)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [Cコード(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) -            ビデオ全体ではなく、ノード構造体とメモリ割り当てに関する部分だけです。 - - [ ] 連結リスト Vs 配列: - - [コア連結リストs Vs 配列(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) - - [実世界の連結リスト Vs 配列(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/quaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs) - - [ ] [連結リスト(ビデオ)を避けるべき理由](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) - - [ ] 分かったぞ!:ポインタの知識へのポインタが必要です: -        (そのポインタが指すアドレスを変更する可能性のある関数へのポインタを渡すとき) -        このページはptrからptrまでを把握するためのものです。このリストトラバーサルスタイルはお勧めしません。読みやすさと保守性は巧みさのために苦しんでいます。 + - ビデオ全体ではなく、ノード構造とメモリ割り当てに関する部分のみ + - [ ] 連結リストと配列: + - [コア連結リストと配列 (動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) + - [現実世界の連結リストと配列 (動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/quaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs) + - [ ] [連結リスト(動画)を避けるべき理由](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [ ] 注意事項: ポインタからポインタへの知識が必要です: (ポインタが指すアドレスを変更する可能性のある関数にポインタを渡すときのため) このページは、ptr から ptr への理解だけを目的としています。このリスト走査スタイルはお勧めしません。賢いため、可読性と保守性が低下します。 - [ポインターへのポインター](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) - [ ] 実装する(私はテールポインタ&なしで行った): - [ ] size() - リスト内のデータ要素の数を返す @@ -517,54 +553,51 @@ Anki形式の私のフラッシュカードデータベース:https://ankiweb. - [ ] reverse() - リストを反転する - [ ] remove_value(value) - この値を持つリストの最初の項目を削除します。 - [ ] 二重連結リスト - - [説明(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) + - [説明(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) - 実装する必要はありません - ### スタック - - [ ] [Stacks(video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) - - [ ] [スタックをの使用 Last-In First-Out(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-stacks-last-first-out/149042/177120-4.html) - - [ ] 実装されません。配列で実装するのは簡単です。 + - [ ] [スタック (動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [【復讐】3分でわかるスタック(動画)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) + - [ ] 実装しません。配列を使った実装は簡単です - ### キュー - - [ ] [キューの使用 First-In First-Out(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-queues-first-first-out/149042/177122-4.html) - - [ ] [キュー(video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) + - [ ] [キュー(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) - [ ] [環状バッファ/ FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) - - [ ] [優先度つきキュー(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Priority-queues-deques/149042/177123-4.html) + - [ ] [【復習】3分でわかるキュー(動画)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] テールポインタ付き連結リストを使って実装する: - enqueue(value) - テールの位置に値を追加する - dequeue() - 値を返し、少なくとも最近追加された要素を削除する(前面) -        - empty() + - empty() - [ ] 固定長配列を使って実装する: - enqueue(value) - 利用可能なストレージの最後にアイテムを追加する - dequeue() - 値を返し、最近追加された要素のうち最も古い要素を削除します -        - empty() + - empty() - full() - [ ] コスト: - - 最後の要素の次の要素が必要になるため、先頭にエンキューし、末尾をデキューするリンクリストを使用する悪い実装はO(n)になり、デキューごとに完全なトラバーサルが発生します + - 先頭でエンキューし、末尾でデキューするリンク リストを使用した悪い実装では、最後から 2 番目の要素が必要になるため、O(n) となり、各デキューの完全な走査が発生します。 - enqueue:O(1)(償却、連結リストと配列[プロービング]) - dequeue:O(1)(連結リストと配列) - empty:O(1)(連結リストと配列) - ### ハッシュテーブル - [ ] 動画: - - [ ] [連鎖によるハッシング(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) - - [ ] [ダブリング、ラビン-カープ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [チェーンを使用したハッシュ (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + - [ ] [テーブルダブリング、Karp-Rabin (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [公開アドレス指定、暗号化ハッシング(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [PyCon 2010:The Mighty Dictionary(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - - [ ] [(上級)Randomization:ユニバーサル&完全 ハッシング(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010: 強力な辞書 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [PyCon 2017: 辞書がさらに強力に (動画))](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU) + - [ ] [(上級)Randomization:ユニバーサル&完全 ハッシング(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(高度)完全ハッシング(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [【復習】4分でわかるハッシュテーブル(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] オンラインコース: - - [ ] [ハッシュ関数について(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Understanding-hash-functions/149042/177126-4.html) - - [ ] [ハッシュテーブルの使用(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-hash-tables/149042/177127-4.html) - - [ ] [ハッシングをサポートする(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Supporting-hashing/149042/177128-4.html) - - [ ] [言語サポートハッシュテーブル(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Language-support-hash-tables/149042/177129-4.html) - - [ ] [コアハッシュテーブル(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) - - [ ] [データ構造(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) - - [ ] [電話帳の問題(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) + - [ ] [コアハッシュテーブル(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) + - [ ] [データ構造(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) + - [ ] [電話帳の問題(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) - [ ] 分散ハッシュテーブル: - - [Dropbox(ビデオ)でインスタントアップロードとストレージの最適化](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) - - [分散ハッシュテーブル(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) + - [Dropbox でのインスタント アップロードとストレージの最適化 (動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) + - [分散ハッシュテーブル(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) - [ ] 線形プロービングを使用して配列で実装する - hash(k、m) - mはハッシュテーブルのサイズです @@ -577,108 +610,112 @@ Anki形式の私のフラッシュカードデータベース:https://ankiweb. - ### 二分探索 - [ ] [二分探索(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - - [ ] [二分探索(ビデオ)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + - [ ] [二分探索(動画)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [詳細](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [ブループリント](https://leetcode.com/discuss/general-discussion/786126/python-powerful-ultimate-binary-search-template-solved-many-problems) + - [ ] [【復習】4分でわかる二分探索(動画)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] 実装: - 二分探索(ソートされた整数の配列) - 再帰を利用した二分探索 - ### ビット演算 - - [ ] [ビットチートシート- 2 ^ 1から2 ^ 16および2 ^ 32までの2の累乗の多くを知るべきです](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) + - [ ] [ビットチートシート](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) + - (2^1 から 2^16 および 2^32) までの 2 のべき乗の多くを知っておく必要があります - [ ] &、|、^、〜、>>、<<を使ってビットを操作することについての本当の理解を得る - - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) + - [ ] [言語](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - [ ]  [良いイントロ:ビット操作(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) - - [ ] [Cプログラミングチュートリアル2-10:ビット演算子(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) + - [ ] [Cプログラミングチュートリアル2-10:ビット演算子(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) - [ ] [ビット操作](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) - [ ] [ビット演算](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) - [ ] [インタラクティブなBit Twiddler](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) - [ ] 2と1の補数 - - [バイナリ:Plusses&Minuses(なぜ2の補数を使うのか)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) + - [バイナリ:Plusses&Minuses(なぜ2の補数を使うのか)(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) - [1の補数](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) - [2の補数](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) - [ ] カウントセットビット - - [1バイトのビットを数える4つの方法(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + - [1バイトのビットを数える4つの方法(動画)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) - [カウントビット](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) - [セットビットの数を32ビット整数で数える方法](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32ビット整数) - - [ ] 2の次の累乗に丸めます: - - [2つの次のパワーに回す](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/roundUpToNextPowerOfTwo.html) + - [ ] カウントセットビット: + - [バイト内のビットを数える 4 つの方法 (動画)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + - [ビットをカウントする](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) + - [32 ビット整数のセットビット数を数える方法](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) - [ ] スワップ値: - [スワップ](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) - [ ] 絶対値: - [絶対整数](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) -## 木 +## ツリー -- ### 木 - メモと背景 - - [ ] [シリーズ:Core Trees(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) - - [ ] [シリーズ:木々(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) - - 基本的な木の構築 - - トラバーサル - - 操作アルゴリズム - - BFS(幅優先検索) - - [MIT(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) - - レベルオーダー(BFS、キューを使用) -            時間複雑度:O(n) -            空間の複雑さ:最適:O(1)、最悪:O(n / 2)= O(n) - - DFS(深さ優先探索) - - [MIT(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) -        - メモ: -            時間複雑度:O(n) -            空間の複雑さ: -                最良:O(log n) - 平均。木の高さ -                最悪:O(n) - - inorder(DFS:left、self、right) - - postorder(DFS:left、right、self) - - preorder(DFS:自己、左、右) +- ### ツリーとは + - [ ] [ツリーの紹介 (動画)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/trees-95qda) + - [ ] [ツリートラバーサル (動画)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/tree-traversal-fr51b) + - [ ] [BFS (幅優先検索) および DFS (深さ優先検索) (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) + - BFS のメモ: + - レベル順序 (BFS、キューを使用) + - 時間計算量: O(n) + - 空間の複雑さ: 最良: O(1)、最悪: O(n/2)=O(n) + - DFS のメモ: + - 時間計算量: O(n) + - 空間複雑さ: 最良: O(log n) + - 平均 最高の木の高さ: O(n) + best: O(log n) + - 平均 最低の木の高さ: O(n) + worst: O(n) + - 順序 (DFS: 左、自分、右) + - 事後順序 (DFS: 左、右、自己) + - 予約注文 (DFS: 自分、左、右) + - [ ] [【復習】4分でわかる幅優先検索(動画)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [【復習】4分で深さ優先検索(動画)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [【復習】11 分でわかるツリー トラバーサル (プレイリスト) (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### 二分探索木:BST - - [ ] [二分探索木レビュー(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [シリーズ(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) - - シンボルテーブルから始まり、BSTアプリケーションを経由します - - [ ] [はじめに(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) - - [ ] [MIT(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + - [ ] [二分探索木の復習 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [はじめに(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) + - [ ] [MIT (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76dhtgZt38A&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) - C / C ++: - - [ ] [二分探索木 - C / C ++での実装(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) - - [ ] [BSTの実装 - スタックとヒープのメモリ割り当て(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) - - [ ] [二分探索木(ビデオ)の最小要素と最大要素を検索](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [二分木の高さを見つける(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) - - [ ] [二分木トラバース - 幅優先戦略(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) + - [ ] [二分探索木 - C / C ++での実装(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) + - [ ] [BSTの実装 - スタックとヒープのメモリ割り当て(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) + - [ ] [二分探索木(動画)の最小要素と最大要素を検索](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [二分木の高さを見つける(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) + - [ ] [二分木トラバース - 幅優先戦略(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) - [ ] [二分木:レベルオーダートラバーサル(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - [ ] [二分木トラバーサル:Preorder、Inorder、Postorder(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [二分木が二分探索木かどうかを確認する(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [二分探索木(ビデオ)からノードを削除](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) - - [ ] [二分探索木(ビデオ)のInorder Successor](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [二分木が二分探索木かどうかを確認する(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [二分探索木(動画)からノードを削除](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) + - [ ] [二分探索木(動画)のInorder Successor](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - [ ] 実装: - - [ ] insert //木に値を挿入する + - [ ] [insert // ツリーに値を挿入します](https://leetcode.com/problems/insert-into-a-binary-search-tree/submissions/987660183/) - [ ] get_node_count //格納された値の数を取得する - [ ] print_values //最小値から最大値まで木の値を出力します - - [ ] delete_tree + - [ ] delete_tree - [ ] is_in_tree //与えられた値が木に存在する場合はtrueを返します - - [ ] get_height //ノードの高さを返します(単一ノードの高さは1です) + - [ ] [get_height // ノード単位の高さを返します (単一ノードの高さは 1)](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/find-the-maximum-depth-or-height-of-a-tree/) - [ ] get_min //木に格納されている最小値を返します - [ ] get_max //木に格納されている最大値を返します - - [ ] is_binary_search_tree + - [ ] [is_binary_search_tree](https://leetcode.com/problems/validate-binary-search-tree/) - [ ] delete_value - [ ] get_successor //指定された値の後に木の次に高い値を返し、存在しなければ-1を返します - ### ヒープ/優先度つきキュー/二分ヒープ - 木として可視化されますが、通常はストレージ内で線形です(配列、連結リスト) - [ ] [ヒープ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) - - [ ] [はじめに(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) - - [ ] [ナイーブな実装(video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) - - [ ] [二分木(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) - - [ ] [木の高さ備考(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) - - [ ] [基本的な操作(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) - - [ ] [完全な二分木(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) - - [ ] [疑似コード(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) - - [ ] [ヒープソート - ジャンプして開始(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) - - [ ] [ヒープソート(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) - - [ ] [ヒープを作る(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) - - [ ] [MIT:ヒープとヒープソート(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [CS 61B講義24:優先度つきキュー(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - - [ ] [線形時間BuildHeap(max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [はじめに(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) + - [ ] [ナイーブな実装(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [二分木(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) + - [ ] [木の高さ備考(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) + - [ ] [基本的な操作(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) + - [ ] [完全な二分木(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) + - [ ] [疑似コード(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) + - [ ] [ヒープソート - ジャンプして開始(動画)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [ヒープソート(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) + - [ ] [ヒープを作る(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) + - [ ] [MIT:ヒープとヒープソート(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [CS 61B講義24:優先度つきキュー(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [線形時間ビルドヒープ (最大ヒープ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [【復習】13分でヒープ(プレイリスト)(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] 最大ヒープを実装する: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - 挿入に必要 @@ -687,16 +724,15 @@ Anki形式の私のフラッシュカードデータベース:https://ankiweb. - [ ] is_empty() - ヒープに要素が含まれていない場合はtrueを返します。 - [ ] extract_max - 最大アイテムを返し、それを削除します。 - [ ] sift_down - extract_maxに必要です - - [ ] remove(i) - インデックスxのアイテムを削除する + - [ ] remove(x) - インデックスxのアイテムを削除する - [ ] heapify - heap_sortに必要な要素の配列からヒープを作成する - - [ ] heap_sort() - ソートされていない配列を取り出し、最大ヒープを使用してソート済みの配列に変換します - - 注意:代わりにminヒープを使用すると、操作が節約されますが、必要な領域が2倍になります([in-place](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-place%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0)では実行できません)。 + - [ ] heap_sort() - ソートされていない配列を取得し、最大ヒープまたは最小ヒープを使用してその場でソートされた配列に変換します。 ## ソート -- [ ] note: +- [ ] ノート: - ソートを実装し、最良のケース/最悪のケース、それぞれの平均的な複雑さを知る: - - バブルソートなし - ひどい - O(n ^ 2)、ただしn <= 16の場合を除く + - バブルソートなし - ひどいです - O(n^2) (n <= 16 の場合を除く) - ソートアルゴリズムの安定性( "Quicksortは安定していますか?") - [ソートアルゴリズムの安定性](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) - [ソートアルゴリズムの安定性](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) @@ -708,6 +744,26 @@ Anki形式の私のフラッシュカードデータベース:https://ankiweb. - ヒープソートについては、上記のヒープデータ構造を参照してください。ヒープソートは素晴らしいですが、安定していません。 +- [ ] [セッジウィック - マージソート (5動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. マージソート](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/mergesort-ARWDq) + - [ ] [2. ボトムアップ マージソート](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) + - [ ] [3. 並べ替えの複雑さ](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/sorting-complexity-xAltF) + - [ ] [4. コンパレーター](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/comparators-9FYhS) + - [ ] [5. 安定性](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) + +- [ ] [セッジウィック - クイックソート (4動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. クイックソート](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/quicksort-vjvnC) + - [ ] [2. セレクション](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/selection-UQxFT) + - [ ] [3. 重複キー](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/duplicate-keys-XvjPd) + - [ ] [4. システムソート](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/system-sorts-QBNZ7) + +- [ ] カリフォルニア大学バークレー校: + - [ ] [CS 61B 講義 29: 並べ替え I (動画)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) + - [ ] [CS 61B 講義 30: 並べ替え II (動画)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) + - [ ] [CS 61B 講義 32: 分類 III (動画)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) + - [ ] [CS 61B レクチャー 33: 並べ替え V (動画)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014-04-21: 基数ソート (動画)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_pvbBMd-3NoI) + - [ ] [バブルソート(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - [ ] [バブルソートの分析(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - [ ] [挿入ソート、マージソート(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) @@ -716,87 +772,102 @@ Anki形式の私のフラッシュカードデータベース:https://ankiweb. - [ ] [クイックソート(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - [ ] [選択ソート(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] マージソートコード: - - [ ] [出力配列(C)の使用](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) - - [ ] [出力配列(Python)の使用](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) - - [ ] [インプレース(C ++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) -- [ ] クイックソートコード: - - [ ] [Implementation(C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) - - [ ] [実装(C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - - [ ] [実装(Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] ソート コードを結合: + - [ ] [出力配列 (C) の使用](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) + - [ ] [出力配列の使用 (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) + - [ ] [インプレース (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) +- [ ] クイックソートコード: + - [ ] [実装 (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) + - [ ] [実装 (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) + - [ ] [実装 (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) -- [ ] 実装: - - [ ] Mergesort:O(n log n)平均と最悪の場合 - - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n)平均の場合 - - 選択ソートと挿入ソートは両方ともO(n ^ 2)の平均と最悪の場合です - - ヒープソートについては、上記のヒープデータ構造を参照してください。 -- [ ] 必須ではありませんが、私はそれらをお勧めしました: - - [ ] [Sedgewick - 基数ソート(6 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [1. Javaの文字列](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRzU-FWsjNU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=6) - - [ ] [2. キーインデックスのカウント](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtgKYmXs62w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=5) - - [ ] [3. 最下位桁の最初の文字列の基数ソート](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pGVq_BwPKs&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=4) - - [ ] [4. 最も重要な数字の最初の文字列の基数ソート](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3cYNY90R6c&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [5. 基数ソートの3つの方法](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVl58kfE6i8&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [6。接尾辞配列](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=1) - - [ ] [基数ソート](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) - - [ ] [基数ソート(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) - - [ ] [基数ソート、ソート(線形時間指定の制約)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [ランダム化:行列乗算、クイックソート、Freivaldsのアルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [線形時間で並べ替える(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) +- [ ] [【復習】18分で分かるソート(プレイリスト](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [4 分で簡単ソート (動画)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [4 分でヒープソート (動画)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [3 分で並べ替えをマージする (動画)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [2 分でわかるバブルソート (動画)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [3分でわかる選択ソート(動画)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [2分で挿入ソート(動画)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + + +- [ ] 実装 + - [ ] マージソート: O(n log n) 平均および最悪の場合 + - [ ] クイックソート O(n log n) の平均ケース + - 選択ソートと挿入ソートは両方とも O(n^2) 平均および最悪の場合です + - ヒープソートについては、上記のヒープ データ構造を参照してください。 + +- [ ] 必須ではありませんが、お勧めします: + - [ ] [Sedgewick - 基数ソート (6動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Java の文字列](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) + - [ ] [2. キーのインデックス付きカウント](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part2/key-indexed-counting-2pi1Z) + - [ ] [3. 最下位桁の最初の文字列基数ソート](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [4. 最上位桁の最初の文字列基数ソート](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [5. 3 ウェイ基数クイックソート](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part2/3-way-radix-quicksort-crkd5) + - [ ] [6. サフィックス配列](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [基数ソート](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) + - [ ] [基数ソート (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [基数ソート、カウンティング ソート (線形時間指定制約) (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [ランダム化: 行列乗算、クイックソート、フライヴァルドのアルゴリズム (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [線形時間でのソート (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) + +概要として、[15のソートアルゴリズム](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg) を視覚的に表したものを次に示します。 +この主題についてさらに詳細が必要な場合は、[一部の主題に関する追加の詳細](#一部の主題に関する追加の詳細) の「並べ替え」セクションを参照してください。 -まとめとして、ここには[15ソートアルゴリズム](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg)の視覚的表現があります。 -このテーマの詳細が必要な場合は、[いくつかの科目の追加の詳細]の[ソート]の項を参照してください(#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) ## グラフ -グラフはコンピュータサイエンスの多くの問題を表現するために使用することができるので、このセクションは木やソートのように長いです。 +グラフはコンピューター サイエンスの多くの問題を表すために使用できるため、このセクションはツリーや並べ替えと同様に長くなります。 -- note: - - メモリにグラフを表示するには4つの基本的な方法があります: +- ノート: + - メモリ内でグラフを表現するには 4 つの基本的な方法があります。 - オブジェクトとポインタ - 隣接行列 - 隣接リスト - 隣接マップ - - それぞれの表現とその長所と短所を熟知してください - - BFSとDFS - 計算の複雑さとそのトレードオフ、そしてそれらを実際のコードに実装する方法を知っている - - 質問が表示されたら、まずグラフベースのソリューションを探し、それがなければ進んでください。 + - それぞれの表現とその長所と短所をよく理解する + - BFS と DFS - 計算の複雑さ、トレードオフ、および実際のコードでの実装方法を理解しています。 + - 質問されたら、まずグラフベースの解決策を探し、見つからない場合は次に進みます。 -- [ ] Skiena Lectures - 素晴らしいイントロ: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講義11 - グラフデータ構造(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講義12 - 幅優先検索(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講義13 - グラフアルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講義14 - グラフアルゴリズム(1)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講義15 - グラフアルゴリズム(2)(動画)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講義16 - グラフアルゴリズム(3)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) +- [ ] MIT(ビデオ): + - [ ] [幅優先検索](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFVYVzlvk9c&t=14s&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [ ] [深さ優先検索](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBfWDYSffUU&t=32s&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) -- [ ] グラフ(レビューなど): +- [ ] スキエナ講義 - 素晴らしい導入部: + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - レクチャー 10 - グラフ データ構造 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sjk0xqWWPCc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=10) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - レクチャー 11 - グラフ トラバーサル (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTwjXj81NVY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=11) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - レクチャー 12 - 深さ優先検索 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KyordYB3BOs&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=12) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - レクチャー 13 - 最小スパニング ツリー (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oolm2VnJUKw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - レクチャー 14 - 最小スパニング ツリー (続き) (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RktgPx0MarY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=14) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - レクチャー 15 - グラフ アルゴリズム (続き 2) (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUe5DXRhyAo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=15) - - [ ] [6.006単一始点最短経路問題(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.006 ダイクストラ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.006 ベルマン-フォード法(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) - - [ ] [6.006 ダイクストラ法のスピードアップ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) - - [ ] [Aduni:グラフアルゴリズムI - トポロジカルソート、最小スパニング木、プリムのアルゴリズム - 講演6(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [Aduni:グラフアルゴリズムII - DFS、BFS、クラスカル法のアルゴリズム、連合探索データ構造 - 講義7(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7 ) - - [Aduni:グラフアルゴリズムIII:最短経路 - レクチャー8(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) - - [ ] [Aduni:グラフアルゴリズムIV:幾何学アルゴリズムの紹介 - 第9講(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014(58:09から開始)(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014:加重グラフ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) - - [ ] [欲張りアルゴリズム:最小スパニング木(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [強固に接続されたコサラジュのアルゴリズムグラフアルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) +- [ ] グラフ (レビューなど): + - [ ] [6.006 単一ソース最短パス問題 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 ダイクストラ (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSHizBK9JD8&t=1731s&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [ ] [6.006 ベルマン-フォード (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9cVS_URPc0&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [ ] [6.006 ディクストラの高速化 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + - [ ] [Aduni: グラフ アルゴリズム I - トポロジカル ソート、最小スパニング ツリー、プリムのアルゴリズム - 講義 6 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Aduni: グラフ アルゴリズム II - DFS、BFS、クラスカルのアルゴリズム、Union Find データ構造 - 講義 7 (動画)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7 ) + - [ ] [Aduni: グラフ アルゴリズム III: 最短パス - レクチャー 8 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + - [ ] [Aduni: グラフ Alg. IV: 幾何学的アルゴリズムの概要 - レクチャー 9 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: 加重グラフ (動画)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) + - [ ] [貪欲なアルゴリズム: 最小スパニング ツリー (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [強結合コンポーネント コサラジュのアルゴリズム グラフ アルゴリズム (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[復習] 16 分でわかる最短経路アルゴリズム (プレイリスト) (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[復習] 4 分でわかる最小スパニング ツリー (プレイリスト) (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - フルcourseraコース: - - [ ] [グラフのアルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) + - [ ] [グラフのアルゴリズム(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) -- 私は実装します: - - [ ] 隣接リストを持つDFS(再帰的) - - [ ] 隣接リストを持つDFS(スタックで反復) - - [ ] 隣接行列を持つDFS(再帰的) - - [ ] 隣接行列を持つDFS(スタックで反復) - - [ ] 隣接リストを持つBFS - - [ ] 隣接行列を持つBFS - - [ ] 単一始点の最短経路(ダイクストラ) - - [ ] 最小スパニング木 +- 次のことを実装します。 + - [ ] 隣接リストを含む DFS (再帰的) + - [ ] 隣接リストを使用した DFS (スタックによる反復) + - [ ] 隣接行列を使用した DFS (再帰的) + - [ ] 隣接行列を使用した DFS (スタックによる反復) + - [ ] 隣接リストを含む BFS + - [ ] 隣接マトリックスを使用した BFS + - [ ] 単一ソースの最短パス (ダイクストラ) + - [ ] 最小スパニングツリー - DFSベースのアルゴリズム(上記のAduniの動画を参照): - [ ] サイクルをチェックする(トポロジカルソートに必要.開始前にサイクルをチェックする) - [ ] トポロジカルソート @@ -804,69 +875,49 @@ Anki形式の私のフラッシュカードデータベース:https://ankiweb. - [ ] 強く接続されたコンポーネントを一覧表示する - [ ] 二部グラフをチェックする -Skienaの本(下記の書籍の節を参照)と面接の書籍 - ## さらに多くの知識 - ### 再帰 - - [ ] 再帰とバックトラックに関するスタンフォードの講義: - - [ ] [講義8 |プログラミングの抽象化(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) - - [ ] [講義9 |プログラミングの抽象化(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) - - [ ] [講義10 |プログラミングの抽象化(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] [講義11 |プログラミングの抽象化(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) - - それを使用するのが適切なとき - - 尾の再帰はどのように優れていないのですか? - - [ ] [テール再帰とは何かなぜそれが悪いのですか?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - - [ ] [テール再帰(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) + - [ ] 再帰とバックトラッキングに関するスタンフォードの講義: + - [ ] [講義 8 | プログラミングの抽象化 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) + - [ ] [講義 9 | プログラミングの抽象化 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) + - [ ] [講義 10 | プログラミングの抽象化 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [講義 11 | プログラミングの抽象化 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) + - いつ使用するのが適切ですか? + - 末尾再帰をしない場合と比べて、どのような点が優れているのでしょうか? + - [ ] [末尾再帰とは何ですか、なぜそれほど悪いのですか?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) + - [ ] [末尾再帰 (動画)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-langages/tail-recursion-YZic1) + - [ ] [再帰的問題を解決するための 5 つの簡単なステップ (動画)](https://youtu.be/ngCos392W4w) + バックトラッキング ブループリント: [Java](https://leetcode.com/problems/combination-sum/discuss/16502/A-general-approach-to-backtracking-questions-in-Java-(Subsets-Permutations-Combination-Sum-回文分割)) [Python](https://leetcode.com/problems/combination-sum/discuss/429538/General-Backtracking-questions-solutions-in-Python-for-reference-%3A) - ### 動的プログラミング - - この問題はかなり難しいかもしれません。なぜなら、それぞれのDP可溶性問題は再帰関係として定義されなければならず、それを思い付くのは難しいかもしれないからです。 - - DPの問題の多くの例を見て、あなたが関連するパターンをしっかりと理解するまでお勧めします。 + - おそらく面接では動的プログラミングの問題は見られないでしょうが、問題を認識できるようにしておくことは価値があります。 + 動的計画法の候補としての問題。 + - それぞれの DP 解決問題は再帰関係として定義する必要があり、それを思いつくのは難しい場合があるため、このテーマはかなり難しい場合があります。 + - 関連するパターンをしっかりと理解するまで、DP 問題の多くの例を検討することをお勧めします。 - [ ] 動画: - - Skienaのビデオは、時には見ることができないほど小さすぎるホワイトボードを使用することがあるため、フォローするのが難しい場合があります - - [ ] [Skiena:CSE373 2012 - 講義19 - 動的プログラミング入門(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) - - [ ] [Skiena:CSE373 2012 - 講義20 - 編集距離(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) - - [ ] [Skiena:CSE373 2012 - 講義21 - 動的プログラミング例(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) - - [ ] [Skiena:CSE373 2012 - 講義22 - 動的プログラミングのアプリケーション(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) - - [ ] [Simonson:動的プログラミング0(59:18から開始)(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) - - [ ] [Simonson:動的プログラミングI - 講義11(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Simonson:動的プログラミングII - 講演12(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) - - [ ] 個々のDP問題のリスト(それぞれ短い): -            [動的プログラミング(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2020 - レクチャー 19 - 動的プログラミング入門 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wAA0AMfcJHQ&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=18) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2020 - レクチャー 20 - 距離の編集 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3A4jlHlhtA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=19) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2020 - レクチャー 20 - 距離の編集 (続き) (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPnPVcZmRbE&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=20) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2020 - レクチャー 21 - 動的プログラミング (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xPE4Wq8coQ&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=21) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2020 - レクチャー 22 - 動的プログラミングとレビュー (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yh3RzqQGsyI&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson: 動的プログラミング 0 (59:18 から開始) (動画)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson: 動的プログラミング I - 講義 11 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [サイモンソン: 動的プログラミング II - 講義 12 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] 個々の DP 問題のリスト (それぞれ短い): [ダイナミック プログラミング (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) - [ ] イェール講義ノート: - [ ] [動的プログラミング](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicプログラミング) - [ ] Coursera: - - [ ] [RNA二次構造の問題(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) - - [ ] [動的プログラミングのアルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) - - [ ] [DPアルゴリズムの説明(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) - - [ ] [DPアルゴリズムの実行時間(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) - - [ ] [DP Vs 再帰的実装(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) - - [ ] [グローバル対配列アライメント(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) - - [ ] [ローカル対配列アライメント(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) - -- ### オブジェクト指向プログラミング - - [ ] [オプション:UML 2.0シリーズ(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) - - [ ] オブジェクト指向ソフトウェアエンジニアリング:UMLとJavaを使ったソフトウェア開発(21ビデオ): - - OOとOOの設計方法を十分に理解している場合は、これをスキップできます。 - - [OOSE:UMLとJavaを使用したソフトウェア開発](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] SOLID OOP原則: - - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLIDオブジェクト指向とアジャイルデザインの原則(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) - - [ ] [SOLID原則(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) - - [ ] S - [単一責任の原則](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html)| [各オブジェクトへの単一責任](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) - - [もっと味](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) - - [ ] O - [オープン/クローズの原則l](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html)| [プロダクションレベルではオブジェクトは拡張の準備ができていますが、変更はできません](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) - - [もっと風味](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) - - [ ] L - [リスコフの置換原則](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html)| [基本クラスと派生クラスは `IS A`プリンシパルに従います](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) - - [もっと風味](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=ja) - - [ ] I - [インタフェース分離の原則](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html)|クライアントは、使用しないインタフェースを強制的に実装するべきではありません - - [インタフェース分離の原則5分(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) - - [もっと味](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=ja) - - [ ] D - [依存性逆転の原則](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html)|オブジェクトの構成における依存関係を減らす。 - - [なぜ依存関係の逆転の原則とそれが重要なのか](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) - - [もっと味](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=ja) + - [ ] [RNA二次構造の問題(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) + - [ ] [動的プログラミングのアルゴリズム(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + - [ ] [DPアルゴリズムの説明(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DPアルゴリズムの実行時間(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DPと再帰的実装(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) + - [ ] [グローバル対配列アライメント(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [ローカル対配列アライメント(動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) - ### デザインパターン - - [ ] [クイックUMLレビュー(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) + - [ ] [UMLの簡単なレビュー(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) - [ ] これらのパターンを学ぶ: - [ ] Strategy(戦略) - [ ] Singleton(単一要素) @@ -885,59 +936,63 @@ Skienaの本(下記の書籍の節を参照)と面接の書籍 - [ ] Iterator(イテレータ) - [ ] Composite(合成) - [ ] Flyweight(フライ級) - - [ ] [第6章(パート1) - パターン(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) - - [ ] [第6章(パート2) - 抽象化 - 発生、一般階層、プレーヤーロール、シングルトン、オブザーバー、代表団(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] [第6章(パート3) - アダプタ、ファサード、変更不可、読み取り専用インターフェイス、プロキシ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] [ビデオシリーズ(27ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) - - [ ] [ヘッドファーストデザインパターン](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) - - 正式な本は「デザインパターン:再利用可能なオブジェクト指向ソフトウェアの要素」であることは分かっていますが、ヘッドファーストはOOの初心者には最適です。 - - [ ] [参考:開発者のための101のデザインパターンとヒント](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) - - [ ] [人間のデザインパターン](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) + - [ ] [一連の動画 (27 本)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + - [ ] [書籍: Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) + - 正規の本は「デザインパターン: 再利用可能なオブジェクト指向ソフトウェアの要素」であることは知っていますが、「Head First」は OO の初心者に最適です。 + - [便利なリファレンス: 開発者のための 101 のデザインパターンとヒント](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) +- ### 組み合わせ論(nからkを選択)と確率 + - [ ] [数学スキル: 階乗、順列、組み合わせの求め方 (選択) (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [Make School: 確率 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + - [ ] [Make School: さらなる確率とマルコフ連鎖 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) + - [ ] カーンアカデミー: + - コースレイアウト: + - [ ] [基本理論確率](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) + - ビデオのみ - 41 (それぞれがシンプルで短い): + - [ ] [確率の説明 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) -- ### 組み合わせ(nCk)と確率 - - [ ] [数学のスキル:階乗、順列、組み合わせの見つけ方(選択)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) - - [ ] [学校を作る:確率(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) - - [ ] [学校を作る:確率とマルコフ連鎖(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) - - [ ] Khan Academy: - - コースのレイアウト: - - [ ] [基本理論的確率](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) - - ちょうどビデオ - 41(それぞれ単純で、それぞれ短いです): - - [ ] [確率の説明(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) - ### NP、NP-完全/近似アルゴリズム - - 巡回セールスマン問題やナップザック問題など、NP完全問題の最も有名なクラスについて知りましょう。 -       そうすれば面接官がこれらについて偽装して尋ねるとき、それらを認識することができます。 - - NP完全の意味を知る。 - - [ ] [計算上の複雑さ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) - - [ ] Simonson: - - [ ] [貪欲アルゴリズム。 II&NP完全性へのイントロ(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) - - [ ] [NP完全性II&リダクション(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [NP完全性III(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [NP完全性IV(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) - - [ ] スキナ: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講義23 - NP完全性の紹介(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講義24 - NP完全性の証明(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講演25 - NP完全性への挑戦(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [複雑さ:P、NP、NP完全性、削減(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) - - [ ] [複雑さ:近似アルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) - - [ ] [複雑さ:固定パラメータアルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - ピーター・ノヴィグ(Peter Norvig)は、セールスマンの問題を解決するための最適なソリューションについて説明しています。 - - [JupyterNotebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) - - あなたが持っているなら、CLRSの1048 - 1140ページ。 + - 巡回セールスマンやナップザック問題など、NP 完全問題の最も有名なクラスについて知っています。 + インタビュアーが変装して質問したときに、それを見分けることができます。 + - NP 完全の意味を理解する。 + - [ ] [計算の複雑さ (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) + - [ ] サイモンソン: + - [ ] [貪欲なアルグス。II および NP 完全性の紹介 (動画)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [NP 完全性 II と削減 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP 完全性 III (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP 完全性 IV (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) + - [ ]スキエナ: + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - レクチャー 23 - NP の完全性 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItHp5laE1VE&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=23) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - レクチャー 24 - 満足度 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inaFJeCzGxU&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=24) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - レクチャー 25 - NP 完全性の詳細(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-bhKxjZLlc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=25) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - レクチャー 26 - NP 完全性チャレンジ (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EzetTkG_Cc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=26) + - [ ] [複雑さ: P、NP、NP 完全性、削減 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) + - [ ] [複雑さ: 近似アルゴリズム (ビ動画デオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) + - [ ] [複雑さ: 固定パラメーター アルゴリズム (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - Peter Norvig は、巡回セールスマンの問題に対する最適に近い解決策について説明します。 + - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) + - CLRS のページ 1048 ~ 1140 (お持ちの場合)。 + +- ### コンピューターがプログラムを処理する仕組み + - [ ] [CPU がプログラムを実行する仕組み (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + - [ ] [コンピューターの計算方法 - ALU (動画)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + - [ ] [レジスタとRAM (動画)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [ ] [中央処理装置 (CPU) (動画)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [ ] [説明書とプログラム (動画)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) - ### キャッシュ - - [ ] LRUキャッシュ: - - [ ] [LRUキャッシュの魔法(Google Devの100日間)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) - - [ ] [LRU(ビデオ)の実装](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) - - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache(C ++)(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) - - [ ] CPUキャッシュ: - - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15:メモリ階層(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) - - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16:キャッシュの問題(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + - [ ] LRU キャッシュ: + - [ ] [LRU キャッシュの魔法 (Google 開発の 100 日間) (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) + - [ ] [LRU の実装 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) + - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU キャッシュ (C++) (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) + - [ ] CPU キャッシュ: + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: メモリ階層 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: キャッシュの問題 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) - ### プロセスとスレッド - [ ] コンピュータサイエンス162 - オペレーティングシステム(25ビデオ): - プロセスとスレッドのためのビデオ表示1-11 - - [オペレーティングシステムとシステムプログラミング(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + - [オペレーティングシステムとシステムプログラミング(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) - [プロセスとスレッドの違いは何ですか?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-thread) - カバー: - プロセス、スレッド、並行性の問題 @@ -948,948 +1003,863 @@ Skienaの本(下記の書籍の節を参照)と面接の書籍 - ミューテックス - セマフォ - モニタ(同期) - - 彼らの動作の仕方 + - 動作の仕方 - デッドロック - ライブロック - - CPUの動作、割り込み、コンテキストの切り替え - - マルチコアプロセッサを使用した最新の並行構成 - - [ページング、セグメンテーション、仮想メモリ(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) - - [割り込み(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) - - [スケジューリング(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Gu5mYdKbu4&index=4&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8) - - プロセスリソースのニーズ(メモリ:コード、静的ストレージ、スタック、ヒープ、ファイル記述子、I/O) - - スレッドリソースの必要性(同じプロセス内の他のスレッドとの上の(マイナススタック)の共有、それぞれが独自のpc、スタックカウンタ、レジスタ、およびスタックを持つ) - - フォークは、新しいプロセスがメモリに書き込むまで、実際には書き込み時にコピー(読み取り専用)され、次に完全なコピーを行います。 - - コンテキストスイッチ - - オペレーティングシステムとその基盤となるハードウェアによってコンテキスト切り替えが開始される仕組み - - [ ] [C++のスレッド(シリーズ - 10ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) - - [ ] Pythonでの並行性(ビデオ): - - [ ] [スレッドに関する短いシリーズ](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) - - [ ] [Pythonスレッド](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) - - [ ] [Python GIL(2010)について理解する](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) - - [参考文献](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) - - [ ] [David Beazley - 地上からのPython並行処理:LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) - - [ ] [基調講演David Beazley - 興味のあるトピック(Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) - - [ ] [Pythonのミューテックス](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) - -- ### 論文 - - 完全に理解した上ですべてを読むことは、あなたが持っているより多くの時間がかかるでしょう。私は論文とそのセクションを選択することをお勧めします。 - - [古典的な論文を愛する?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) - - [ ] [1978:順次プロセスの通信](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) - - [Goで実装](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) - - [ ] [2003:The Googleファイルシステム](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) - - 2012年に巨像に置き換えられました - - [ ] [2004:MapReduce:大規模クラスタでのデータ処理の簡略化](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) - - 主にCloud Dataflowに置き換えられましたか? - - [ ] [2006:Bigtable:構造化データ用分散ストレージシステム](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) - - [Google BigQueryの内部を見る](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) - - [ ] [2006:疎結合分散システムのChubby Lockサービス](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) - - [ ] [2007:Dynamo:Amazonの高可用性 key valueストア](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) - - Dynamo紙がNoSQL革命を開始 - - [すべてのプログラマーがメモリについて知っておくべきこと(非常に長く、著者はいくつかのセクションのスキップを奨励する)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) - - [ ] [2010:Dapper、大規模分散システム追跡基盤](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) - - [ ] [2010:Dremel:Web-Scaleデータセットのインタラクティブ解析](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) - - [ ] [2012:Googleの巨像](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) - - 論文がありません - - [ ] 2012:AddressSanitizer:高速アドレス整合性チェッカー: - - [論文](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) - - [ビデオ](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) - - [ ] 2013:スパナ:Googleのグローバル分散データベース: - - [論文](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) - - [ビデオ](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) - - [ ] [2014年:機械学習:技術的負債の高利貸しクレジットカード](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) - - [ ] [2015:Googleの継続的なパイプライン](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) - - [ ] [2015年:大規模な高可用性:Googleの広告用データ基盤の構築](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) - - [ ] [2015:TensorFlow:異種分散システムの大規模機械学習](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf) - - [ ] [2015年:開発者がコードを検索する方法:ケーススタディ](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) - - [ ] [2016:Borg、Omega、Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/ja//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) + - CPU アクティビティ、割り込み、コンテキスト切り替え + - マルチコアプロセッサを使用した最新の同時実行構造 + - [ページング、セグメンテーション、仮想メモリ (動画)](https://youtu.be/O4nwUqQodAg) + - [中断(動画)](https://youtu.be/iKlAWIKEyuw) + - プロセス リソースのニーズ (メモリ: コード、静的ストレージ、スタック、ヒープ、およびファイル記述子、I/O) + - スレッド リソースのニーズ (同じプロセス内の他のスレッドと上記 (マイナススタック) を共有しますが、それぞれに独自の PC、スタック カウンター、レジスタ、およびスタックがあります) + - フォークは実際には、新しいプロセスがメモリに書き込むまではコピーオンライト (読み取り専用) であり、その後完全コピーが実行されます。 + - コンテキストの切り替え + - [オペレーティングシステムと基盤となるハードウェアによってコンテキストスイッチングがどのように開始されるか?](https://www.javatpoint.com/what-is-the-context-switching-in-the-operating-system) + - [ ] [C++ のスレッド (シリーズ - 10 本の動画)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] [CS 377 Spring '14: マサチューセッツ大学のオペレーティングシステム](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLacuG5pysFbDQU8kKxbUh4K5c1iL5_k7k) + - Python の同時実行性 (動画): + - [ ] [スレッドに関する短編シリーズ](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) + - [ ] [Python スレッド](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) + - [ ] [Python GIL を理解する (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) + - [参考](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) + - [ ] [David Beazley - Python 同時実行性を基礎からライブで解説します! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) + - [ ] [基調講演 David Beazley - 注目のトピック (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) + - [ ] [Python のミューテックス](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) - ### テスト - - カバーするために: - - ユニット(単体)テストの仕組み - - モックオブジェクトとは何ですか? - - 統合テストとは - - 依存性注入とは - - [ ] [James Bachによるアジャイルソフトウェアテスト(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) - - [ ] [ジェイムス・バッハによるソフトウェアテストの公開講座(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) - - [ ] [Steve Freeman - テスト駆動開発(これは私たちが意味するものではありません)(ビデオ)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) - - [スライド](http://goocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) - - [ ] [TDDは死んでいます。長いライブテスト。](http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html) - - [ ] [TDDは死んでいますか? (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9quxZsLcfo) - - [ ] [ビデオシリーズ(152ビデオ) - すべてではない(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzJapzxH_rE&list=PLAwxTw4SYaPkWVHeC_8aSIbSxE_NXI76g) - - [ ] [Pythonでテスト駆動型Web開発](http://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/pages/book.html#toc) - - [ ] 依存性注入: - - [ ] [動画](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) - - [ ] [テストのタオ](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) - - [ ] [テストの書き方](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) - -- ### スケジューリング - - OSで、どのように動作するか - - オペレーティングシステムのビデオから収集できます - -- ### システムルーチンを実装する - - 使用するプログラミングAPIの下にあるものを理解する -    あなたはそれらを実装できますか? + - カバーするために: + - 単体テストの仕組み + - モックオブジェクトとは何ですか + - 統合テストとは何ですか + - 依存性注入とは何ですか + - [ ] [James Bach によるアジャイル ソフトウェア テスト (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) + - [ ] [ソフトウェア テストに関する James Bach による公開講義 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) + - [ ] [Steve Freeman - テスト駆動開発 (それは私たちが言いたかったことではありません) (動画)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) + - [スライド](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) + - [ ] 依存性の注入: + - [ ] [動画](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) + - [ ] [テストのTAO](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) + - [ ] [テストの書き方](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) - ### 文字列の検索と操作 - - [ ] [Sedgewick - 接尾辞配列(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg) - - [ ] [Sedgewick - サブストリング(文字列の一部)検索(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) - - [ ] [1. サブストリング検索の紹介](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) - - [ ] [2. ブルートフォースサブストリング検索](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcDXwIGEXYU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=4) - - [ ] [3. クヌース・モーリス・プラット法](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-7n-FDEWzc&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) - - [ ] [4. ボイヤー-ムーア文字列検索アルゴリズム](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7Ch6pZXfM&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=2) - - [ ] [5. ラビン-カープ文字列検索アルゴリズム](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) - - [ ] [テキストの検索パターン(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - サフィックス配列 (動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - 部分文字列検索 (動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. 部分文字列検索の概要](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part2/introduction-to-substring-search-n3ZpG) + - [ ] [2. ブルートフォース部分文字列検索](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) + - [ ] [3. クヌース・モリス・プラット](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) + - [ ] [4. ボイヤー・ムーア](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) + - [ ] [5. ラビン・カープ](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part2/rabin-karp-3KiqT) + - [ ] [テキスト内のパターンの検索 (動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-Structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) -    このテーマについてさらに詳しく知りたい場合は、[いくつかの科目の追加の詳細]の「文字列のマッチング」の項を参照してください(#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) + この件についてさらに詳細が必要な場合は、[一部の件名に関する追加の詳細](#Additional-detail-on-some-subjects) の「文字列マッチング」セクションを参照してください。 -- ### トライ木 - - さまざまなトライ木があることに注意してください。いくつかは接頭辞を持ち、あるものはパスを追跡するビットの代わりに文字列を使用します。 - - 私はコードを読んだが、実装しないだろう。 - - [ ] [Sedgewick - 試してみる(3ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [1. R Way トライ木](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buq2bn8x3Vo&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [2. 3分探索木](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LelV-kkYMIg&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [3. キャラクターベースの操作](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ&index=1) - - [ ] [データ構造とプログラミング手法に関する注記](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) - - [ ] 短期コースビデオ: - - [ ] [トライ木の紹介(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) - - [ ] [トライ木のパフォーマンス(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) - - [ ] [トライ木の実装ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) - - [ ] [Trie:無視されたデータ構造](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) - - [ ] [TopCoder - トライ木の使用](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/using-tries/) - - [ ] [スタンフォード講演(現実世界のユースケース)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) - - [ ] [MIT、高度なデータ構造、文字列(途中でかなり不明瞭になることがあります)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) +- ### トライ + - さまざまな種類のトライがあることに注意してください。プレフィックスを持つものと持たないもの、そしてビットの代わりに文字列を使用してパスを追跡するものもあります + - コードは一通り読みましたが、実装はしません + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Trys (3動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) + - [ ] [2. 三項探索トライズ](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) + - [ ] [3. 文字ベースの操作](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) + - [ ] [データ構造とプログラミング技術に関するメモ](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] ショートコースビデオ: + - [ ] [トライの概要 (動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structions-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [トライのパフォーマンストライ (動画)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-Structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [トライの実装 (動画)]( https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-Structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [トライ: 無視されたデータ構造](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-struction) + - [ ] [TopCoder - トライの使用](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Using%20Tries) + - [ ] [スタンフォード講義 (実際の使用例) (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT、高度なデータ構造、文字列 (途中でかなりわかりにくくなる可能性があります) ) (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - ### 浮動小数点数 - - [ ] 単純な8ビット:[浮動小数点数の表現 - 1(ビデオ - 計算にエラーがあります - ビデオの説明を参照)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) - - [ ] 32ビット:[IEEE754 32ビット浮動小数点バイナリ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + - [ ] 単純な 8 ビット: [浮動小数点数の表現 - 1 (ビデオ - 計算に誤りがあります - ビデオの説明を参照してください)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) - ### Unicode - - [ ] [すべてのソフトウェア開発者が絶対に最低限必要とする、絶対にUnicodeと文字セットについて熟知していること](http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) - - [ ] [すべてのプログラマーが、エンコーディングと文字セットについて知る必要があることは間違いない](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + - [ ] [すべてのソフトウェア開発者の絶対最小値、絶対にUnicodeと文字セットについて必ず知っておくべきこと]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [すべてのプログラマがテキストを扱うためにエンコーディングと文字セットについて絶対に、必ず知っておくべきこと]( http://kunststube.net/encoding/) -- ### バイト順(エンディアン) - - [ ] [ビッグエンディアンとリトルエンディアン](https://www.cs.umd.edu/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) - - [ ] [ビッグエンディアン Vs リトルエンディアン(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) - - [ ] [ビッグエンディアンとリトルエンディアンの イン/アウト(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) - - カーネル開発者のための非常に技術的な話。ほとんどがあなたの頭の上にある場合は心配しないでください。 - - 前半で十分です。 +- ### エンディアン + - [ ] [ビッグ エンディアンとリトル エンディアン](https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141940/http://www.cs.umd.edu:80/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [ビッグ エンディアンとリトル エンディアン (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - カーネル開発者向けの非常に技術的な話。ほとんどのことが頭から離れていても心配する必要はありません。 + - 前半だけで十分です。 - ### ネットワーキング - - **ネットワーク経験がある、またはシステムエンジニアになりたい場合は、質問を期待してください** - - そうでなければ、これは知っているだけでいいです - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) - - [ ] [UDPとTCP:トランスポートプロトコルの比較](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) - - [TCP / IPとOSIモデルの説明!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) - - [ ] [インターネット経由のパケット伝送。ネットワーク&TCP / IPチュートリアル](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) - - [ ] [HTTP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) - - [ ] [SSLとHTTPS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) - - [ ] [SSL / TLS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) - - [ ] [HTTP 2.0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) - - [ ] [ビデオシリーズ(21ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IggfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) - - [ ] [詳解サブネット化 - 第5部CIDR表記](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) - - [ ] ソケット: - - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) - - [ ] [ソケットプログラミング(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) - -## システム設計、スケーラビリティ、データ処理 -- **4年以上の経験があれば、システム設計の質問を期待できます。** -- スケーラビリティとシステム設計は、多くのトピックとリソースを持つ非常に大きなトピックです。 -      スケーラビリティ(拡張可能)なソフトウェア/ハードウェアシステムを設計する際には、考慮すべき点がたくさんあります。 -      これにかなりの時間を費やすことを期待してください。 -- 考慮事項: - - スケーラビリティ - - 大きなデータセットを単一の値に変換する - - あるデータセットを別のデータセットに変換する - - 莫大な量のデータを扱う - - システム設計 - - 機能セット - - インターフェース - - クラス階層 - - 一定の制約の下でシステムを設計する - - シンプルさと丈夫さ - - トレードオフ - - パフォーマンス分析と最適化 - -- [ ] **ここをクリック**:[システム設計入門](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) -- [ ] [HiredInTechのシステム設計](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) -- [ ] [技術面接で設計質問に答えるための準備方法](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) -- [ ] [システムデザイン面接の前に知っておくべき8つの事柄](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) -- [ ] [アルゴリズム設計](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) -- [ ] [データベースの正規化 - 1NF、2NF、3NF、4NF(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) -- [ ] [システム設計の面接](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - この中には多くのリソースがあります。記事や例を見てください。私はそれらのいくつかを下に置いた。 -- [ ] [システム設計面接の方法](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) -- [ ] [誰もが知っておくべき数字](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) -- [ ] [コンテキストスイッチを作るのにどれくらい時間がかかりますか?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) -- [ ] [データセンター間の取引(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) -- [ ] [CAP定理の簡単な英語入門](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) -- [ ] Paxosアルゴリズム: - - [短い動画](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) - - [ユースケースとマルチパクソスによる拡張動画](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEpsBg0AO6o) - - [論文](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf) -- [ ] [コンシステントハッシュ法](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) -- [NoSQLパターン](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) - -- [ ] スケーラビリティ: - - [ ] [概要(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) - - [ ] 短いシリーズ: - - [クローン](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) - - [データベース](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) - - [キャッシュ](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) - - [非同期](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) - - [ ] [スケーラブルなWebアーキテクチャと分散システム](http://www.aosabook.org/ja/distsys.html) - - [ ] [分散コンピューティングの説明の誤り](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) - - [ ] [実用的なプログラミングテクニック](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) - - [extra:Google Pregel グラフ処理](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) - - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Googleのソフトウェアシステム構築と教訓(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) - - [ ] [スケールのための設計システムの紹介](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) - - [ ] [App EngineとCloud Datastoreを使用してモバイルゲームを世界中の視聴者に拡大(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) - - [ ] [Googleがプラネットスケールのインフラのプラネットスケールエンジニアリングを行う仕組み](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) - - [ ] [アルゴリズムの重要性](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) - - [ ] [シャーディング](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) - - [ ] [Facebook(2009)でスケール](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Scale-at-Facebook) - - [ ] [Facebook(2012年)、「10億ユーザー向けビルド(ビデオ)」](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) - - [ ] [ロングゲームのためのエンジニアリング - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) - - [ ] [7年間のYouTubeスケーラビリティレッスン30分](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html ) - - [動画](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) - - [ ] [ペイパルが毎日何十億ものトランザクションにスケーリングされる方法(8VMだけを使用)](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) - - [ ] [大きなデータセットで重複を削除する方法](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) - - [ ] [Jon CowieによるEtsyのスケールとエンジニアリング文化の中の一見(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) - - [ ] [Amazonは独自のマイクロサービスアーキテクチャをどのように導いたか](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) - - [ ] [圧縮するか圧縮しないか、それはUberの質問でした](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) - - [ ] [Tarantoolの非同期キュー、キューに入れる](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) - - [ ] [おおよそのクエリ処理を使用するタイミング](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) - - - [ ] [単一のデータセンターからフェイルオーバーするための、Googleのネイティブマルチホームアーキテクチャへの移行](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) - - [ ] [スパナ](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) - - [ ] [Egnyteアーキテクチャ:マルチペタバイト分散システムの構築とスケーリングの教訓](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html) - - [ ] [機械学習駆動プログラミング:新しい世界のための新しいプログラミング](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) - - [ ] [1日あたり何百万ものリクエストを処理する画像最適化技術](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) - - [ ] [Patreonのアーキテクチャの概要](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) - - [ ] [Tinder:どのようにして最大のレコメンデーションエンジンの誰があなたが次に誰を見るか決定する?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) - - [ ] [現代のキャッシュのデザイン](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) - - [ ] [Facebookのスケールでライブビデオストリーミング](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) - - [ ] [AmazonのAWSで1,100万人以上のユーザーに拡大するための初心者向けガイド](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) - - [ ] [Dockerの効果待ち時間の使用方法](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) - - [ ] [AMPはGoogleに存在する脅威に対抗していますか?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/14/does-amp-counter-an-existential-threat-to-google.html) - - [ ] [全Netflixスタックの360度ビュー](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) - - [ ] [レイテンシはどこにでもあり、それはあなたのセールスに費やされます - それを粉砕する方法](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) - - [ ] [サーバーレス(非常に長い、要点が必要](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) - - [ ] [Instagramを動かすもの:何百ものインスタンス、数十のテクノロジ](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) - - [ ] [シンクキャストアーキテクチャ - 毎日1,500時間の音声を生成する](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) - - [ ] [Justin.Tvのライブビデオブロードキャストアーキテクチャ](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) - - [ ] [Playfishのソーシャルゲームアーキテクチャ - 月間5000万人のユーザーと成長](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) - - [ ] [アーキテクチャ - 40Mビジター、200Mダイナミックページビュー、30TBデータ]() - - [ ] [PlentyOfFishアーキテクチャ](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) - - [ ] [Salesforceのアーキテクチャ - どのように130億回のトランザクションを処理するか](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) - - [ ] [ESPNの規模でのアーキテクチャ - 毎秒100,000のDuh Nuh Nuhsで動作](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) - - [ ] サービスを結合する技術の情報については、以下の「メッセージング、シリアライゼーション、およびキューイングシステム」を参照してください。 - - [ ] Twitter: - - [O`Reilly MySQL CE 2011:Jeremy Cole、「@Twitterの大小データ」(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) - - [スケール時のタイムライン](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) - - さらに詳しくは、[ビデオシリーズ](ビデオシリーズ)セクションの「Mining Massive Datasets」ビデオシリーズを参照してください。 - -- [ ] システム設計プロセスの練習:紙で作業しようとするいくつかのアイデアがあります。実際にどのように処理されたかについてのいくつかの文書があります。 - - レビュー:[システム設計入門](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) - - [HiredInTechのシステム設計](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [チートシート](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - - 流れ: - 1. 問題と範囲を理解する: -            - 面接官の助けを借りてユースケースを定義する - - 追加の機能を提案する - - 面接官が範囲外とみなすアイテムを削除する - - 高可用性が必要と仮定し、ユースケースとして追加する - 2. 制約について考える: - - 毎月のリクエスト数を尋ねる - - 毎秒どれくらいのリクエストをするか(彼らはボランティアでもよいし、あなたに数学をさせるかもしれない) - - 読み込みと書き込みの割合を見積もります - - 推定時に80/20ルールを守って下さい - - 1秒あたりに書き込まれるデータの量 - - 5年間に必要な合計ストレージ - - 毎秒読み取られるデータの量 - 3. 抽象的なデザイン: - - レイヤー(サービス、データ、キャッシング) - - インフラストラクチャ:負荷分散、メッセージング - - サービスを駆動する主要なアルゴリズムの概要 - - ボトルネックを考慮し、解決策を決定する - - 演習: - - [CDNネットワークの設計:古い記事](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) - - [ランダムなID生成システムの設計](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) - - [オンラインマルチプレイヤーカードゲームのデザイン](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) - - [Key-Valueデータベースの設計](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) - - [画像共有システムの設計](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) - - [推薦システムの設計](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) - - [URL短縮システムの設計:上からコピー](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) - - [キャッシュシステムの設計](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) + - **ネットワーキングの経験がある場合、または信頼性エンジニアまたは運用エンジニアになりたい場合は、質問をお待ちください** - + それ以外の場合、これは知っておくと良いでしょう + - [ ] [カーン アカデミー](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/code-org/computers-and-the-internet) + - [ ] [UDP と TCP: トランスポート プロトコルの比較 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [TCP/IP と OSI モデルについて説明します! (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [インターネットを介したパケット送信。ネットワークと TCP/IP のチュートリアル。(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL および HTTPS (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [ビデオ シリーズ (21 動画) (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [サブネットの謎を解く - パート 5 CIDR表記法 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] ソケット: + - [ ] [Java - ソケット - 概要 (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [ ] [ソケット プログラミング (動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) --- ## 最終レビュー -    このセクションでは、重要な概念のほとんどを見直すためにかなり短いビデオを見ることができます。 -    あなたが頻繁に再学習をしたいならいいですね。 + このセクションには短いビデオが含まれます。非常にすぐに見て、重要な概念のほとんどを確認できます。 + 頻繁にリフレッシュしたい場合に便利です。 -- [ ] 2〜3分短編ビデオシリーズ(23ビデオ) - - [動画](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] 2〜5分の短編シリーズビデオ - Michael Sambol(38ビデオ) - - [動画](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] 2 ~ 3 分の短い主題ビデオ シリーズ (23 動画) + - [ビデオ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] 2 ~ 5 分のシリーズ短い主題のビデオ - Michael Sambol (動画 48 件): + - [ビデオ](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [コード例](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) +- [ ] [セッジウィック ビデオ - アルゴリズム I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) +- [ ] [セッジウィック ビデオ - アルゴリズム II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) --- -## コーディングの質問練習 +## 履歴書を更新する -上のすべてのコンピュータサイエンスのトピックを知ったので、コーディングの問題に答える練習をしましょう。 +- 書籍の履歴書準備情報を参照してください: 『コーディング面接の攻略』 「番組インタビュー暴露」 +- [「良い履歴書はこうあるべきだ」 Gayle McDowell (『Cracking thecoding Interview』の著者) 著](https://www.careercup.com/resume)、 + - 著者による注: 「これは米国に焦点を当てた履歴書用です。インドと他の国の履歴書では、多くの点は同じですが、期待される内容は異なります。」 +- [「ステップバイステップの履歴書ガイド」 by Tech Interview Handbook](https://www.techinterviewhandbook.org/resume/guide) + - 履歴書を最初から設定し、効果的な履歴書の内容を作成し、最適化し、履歴書をテストする方法に関する詳細なガイド -**コーディング質問の練習は、プログラミング問題への回答を記憶することではありません。** +## 面接プロセスと面接一般的な面接の準備 -プログラミングの問題を練習する必要がある理由 -- 問題の認識、そして適切なデータ構造とアルゴリズムの適合 -- 問題のための要件を集める -- 面接であなたのように問題をあなたの方法で話している -- コンピュータではなく、ホワイトボードや紙でのコーディング -- ソリューションの時間と空間の複雑さが増す -- ソリューションのテスト +- [ ] [2021 年のエンジニアリング面接に合格する方法](https://davidbyttow.medium.com/how-to-pass-the-engineering-interview-in-2021-45f1b389a1) +- [ ] [テクノロジー採用の謎を解く](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] ビッグ 4 に就職する方法: + - [ ] [ビッグ 4 で仕事を得る方法 - Amazon、Facebook、Google、およびMicrosoft (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) + - [ ] [Big 4.1 で仕事を得る方法 (フォローアップ ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6790FVXWBw8&feature=youtu.be) +- [ ] コーディング インタビュー セット 1 を解読: + - [ ] [ゲイル L マクダウェル - コーディング インタビューのクラッキング (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [著者ゲイル・ラークマン・マクダウェル氏のコーディングインタビューを解読 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] Facebook コーディングのインタビューを解読: + - [ ] [アプローチ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) + - [ ] [問題のチュートリアル](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) +- 準備コース: + - [データ構造、アルゴリズム、インタビューのための Python (有料コース)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structions-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - データ構造、アルゴリズム、模擬面接などをカバーする Python 中心の面接準備コース。 + - [Python を使用したデータ構造とアルゴリズムの紹介 (Udacity 無料コース)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): + - Python 中心のデータ構造とアルゴリズムの無料コース。 + - [【データ構造とアルゴリズムをナノレベルで解説! (Udacity 有料 Nanodegree)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structions-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): + - 100 を超えるデータ構造とアルゴリズムの演習と、面接や実務シナリオの準備に役立つ専任のメンターからのガイダンスによる実践的な練習を行います。 + - [行動面接のグロッキング (無料教育コース)](https://www.educative.io/courses/grokking-the-behavioral-interview): + - 多くの場合、夢の仕事に就くのを妨げているのは技術的能力ではなく、行動面接での成績です。 + - [AlgoMonster (無料コンテンツ付きの有料コース)](https://algo.monster/?utm_campaign=jwasham&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=coding-interview-university&utm_source=github): + - LeetCode の短期集中コース。数千の質問から凝縮されたすべてのパターンを網羅。 -面接では、体系的でコミュニケーション的な問題解決の素晴らしいイントロがあります。あなたはプログラミングの面接の本からもこれを手に入れるでしょうが、私はこの優れた発見しました: -[アルゴリズム設計キャンバス](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) +模擬面接: +- [Gainlo.co: 大企業の面接官を模擬](http://www.gainlo.co/#!/) - これを使用したところ、電話での画面やオンサイトの面接に向けてリラックスするのに役立ちました +- [Pramp: ピアとの模擬面接](https://www.pramp.com/) - 面接を練習するためのピアツーピア モデル +- [interviewing.io: 上級エンジニアとの模擬面接の練習](https://interviewing.io) - FAANG の上級エンジニアとのアルゴリズム/システム設計匿名インタビュー +- [Meetapro: FAANG トップ面接官との模擬面接](https://meetapro.com/?utm_source=ciu) - Airbnb スタイルの模擬面接/コーチング プラットフォーム。 +- [Hello Interview: Expert Coaches and AI との模擬面接](https://www.hellointerview.com/?utm_source=ciu) - AI または FAANG スタッフのエンジニアやマネージャーと直接面接します。 -自宅にホワイトボードはありませんか?それは理にかなっている。私は変わった人で、大きなホワイトボードを持っています。ホワイトボードの代わりに、 -アートストアから大きなドローイングパッドを拾い上げます。あなたはソファに座って練習することができます。これが私の「ソファホワイトボード」です。 -私はスケールの写真にペンを追加しました。ペンを使うと、あなたは消すことができます。すぐに厄介になる。 +## 面接が来るときのことを考えてください -![私のソファホワイトボード](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/art_board_sm_2-1476233630368.jpg) - -補足: - -- [Topcodersの数学](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) -- [動的プログラミング - 初心者から上級者まで](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) -- [MIT面接資料](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) - -**プログラミングの問題を読んでやる(この順番で):** - -- [ ] [プログラミング面接公開:あなたが次の仕事に着任する秘訣、第2版](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) - - C、C ++、Javaの回答 -- [ ] [コーディング面接をクラッキング、第6版](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - Javaでの回答 - -[上記のブックリスト](#ブックリスト)を参照してください - -## コード演習/挑戦 - -あなたの脳を学んだら、脳を働かせてください。 -できるだけ多く、毎日コーディングの課題に取り組んでください。 - -- [ ] [解決策を見つける方法](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) -- [ ] [Topcoderの問題を解読する方法](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) - -コーディング面接質問ビデオ: -- [IDeserve(88ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) -- [Tushar Roy(5プレイリスト)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) - -チャレンジサイト: -- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) -- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) -- [プロジェクトオイラー(Math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) -- [コードワード](http://www.codewars.com) -- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) -- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) -- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) -- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) -- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) -- [Sphere(Sphere)](http://www.spoj.com/) - -チャレンジレポ: -- [Pythonでインタラクティブなコーディング面接の課題](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) - -疑似面接: -- [Gainlo.co:大企業の疑似面接官](http://www.gainlo.co/#!/) -- [Pramp:仲間との面接](https://www.pramp.com/) -- [Refdash:疑似面接](https://refdash.com/) - -## 面接に近づいたら - -- [ ] クラッキングコーディング面接セット2(ビデオ): - - [コード面接をクラッキングする](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) - - [コード面接をクラックする - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) - -## あなたの履歴書 - -- クラッキングでの準備項目の再開を参照してください。コーディング面接とプログラミング面接の公開 - - -## 面接が来たときに考えてください - -あなたが得る20の面接の質問と、以下の項目の行を考えてみましょう。 -それぞれ2-3の答えがあります。 -あなたが達成したことについての物語だけでなく、データを持ってください。 +面接で聞かれる約 20 の質問と、以下の項目の内容を考えてください。それぞれに対して少なくとも 1 つの回答を用意してください。 +達成したことについて、単なるデータではなくストーリーを作成します。 - なぜあなたはこの仕事をしたいです? -- あなたが解決した厳しい問題は何ですか? -- 最大の課題に直面した? -- ベスト/最悪のデザインが見られる? -- 既存の製品を改善するためのアイデア。 -- 個人として、そしてチームの一員として、どのようにベストを尽くしていますか? -- あなたのスキルや経験のうち、その役割の資産とその理由は? -- [job x / project y]で一番楽しかったことは何ですか? -- [job x / project y]に直面した最大の課題は何ですか? -- [job x / project y]で直面した最も難しいバグは何でしたか? -- [job x / project y]で何を学びましたか? -- あなたは[job x / project y]で何を良くしていますか? +- あなたが解決した難しい問題は何ですか? +- 直面した最大の課題は何ですか? +- 見た中で最高/最悪のデザインは何ですか? +- 既存の製品を改善するためのアイデア +- 個人としても、チームの一員としても、どのようにすれば最も効果的に働くことができますか? +- あなたのスキルや経験のうち、その役割において資産となるものはどれですか、またその理由は何ですか? +- [ジョブ x / プロジェクト y] で一番楽しかったことは何ですか? +- [ジョブ x / プロジェクト y] で直面した最大の課題は何ですか? +- [ジョブ x / プロジェクト y] で直面した最も困難なバグは何ですか? +- [ジョブ x / プロジェクト y] で何を学びましたか? +- [ジョブ x / プロジェクト y] でもっと良くできたことは何ですか? ## 面接官に質問があります -    私の中には(私は既に知っているかもしれませんが、彼らの意見やチームの視点が必要です): +私の意見の一部 (答えはすでに知っているかもしれませんが、彼らの意見やチームの視点が欲しいです): -あなたのチームはどれくらいの規模ですか? -- あなたの開発サイクルはどのように見えるのですか?あなたはウォーターフォール/スプリント/アジャイルをしますか? -- 締め切りまでのフローは共通ですか?それとも柔軟性はありますか? -- あなたのチームではどのように意思決定が行われますか? -- 週に何回会議がありますか? -- あなたの仕事環境が集中するのに役立つと思いますか? -- 何をしているの? -- それについて何が好きですか? -- 仕事の生活はどうですか? +- チームの規模はどれくらいですか? +- 開発サイクルはどのような感じですか?ウォーターフォール/スプリント/アジャイルをやっていますか? +- 締め切りに追われるのはよくあることですか?それとも柔軟性があるのでしょうか? +- チーム内での意思決定はどのように行われますか? +- 週に何回会議がありますか? +- 職場環境は集中力を高めますか? +-何に取り組んでいますか? +- 何が気に入っていますか? +- 仕事生活はどのような感じですか? +- ワークライフバランスはどうですか? -## 一度あなたは仕事を得た +## 仕事に就いたら -おめでとう! +おめでとう! 学び続けます。 -あなたは決して本当に終わらない。 +本当に終わったことはありません。 --- -    *************************************************** *************************************************** * -    *************************************************** *************************************************** * + ************************************************* ************************************************* * + ************************************************* ************************************************* * -    この点以下のものはすべてオプションです。 -    これらを勉強することで、より多くのCSコンセプトにさらされることになります。 -    任意のソフトウェアエンジニアリングジョブ。あなたはもっと豊富なソフトウェアエンジニアになるでしょう。 + これより下はすべてオプションです。初心者レベルの面接には必要ありません。 + ただし、これらを学習することで、より多くの CS 概念に詳しくなり、より適切な準備が整います。 + ソフトウェアエンジニアリングの仕事なら何でも。あなたは、より総合的なソフトウェア エンジニアになるでしょう。 -    *************************************************** *************************************************** * -    *************************************************** *************************************************** * + ************************************************* ************************************************* * + ************************************************* ************************************************* * --- +## 追加の書籍 -## その他の書籍 + これらは、興味のあるトピックに飛び込むことができるようにここにあります。 -- [ ] [Unixプログラミング環境](http://product.half.ebay.com/The-UNIX-Programming-Environment-by-Brian-W-Kernighan-and-Rob-Pike-1983-Other/54385&tg=情報) - - 古き良き時代 -- [ ] [Linuxコマンドライン:完全な紹介](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) - - 現代的な選択肢 -- [ ] [TCP / IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) -- [ ] [ヘッドファーストデザインパターン](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) - - デザインパターンへの穏やかな紹介 -- [ ] [デザインパターン:再利用可能なオブジェクト指向ソフトウェアの要素](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) - - 別名「Gang Of Four」の本、またはGOF - - 正式なデザインパターンの本 -- [ ] [UNIXおよびLinuxシステム管理ハンドブック、第4版](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0131480057/) - -## その他の学習 - -これらの話題は面接では出てこないかもしれませんが、 -特定のテクノロジとアルゴリズムを認識するためには、より大きなツールボックスが必要になります。 - -- [ ] [アルゴリズム設計マニュアル](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202)(Skiena) -- [ ] [日本語版:アルゴリズム設計マニュアル](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4621085107) - - レビューと問題認識として - - アルゴリズムのカタログ部分は、面接で得られる難易度の範囲をはるかに超えています。 - - この本は2パートに分かれます: - - データ構造とアルゴリズムに関する教科書 - - 長所: - - アルゴリズムの教科書はどんなものでも良いレビューです - - 業界および学界の問題を解決した経験から得た素敵な話 - - Cのコード例 - - 短所: - - Introduction to Algorithms(CLRS)と同様に密集しているか、侵入不可能な場合があります。場合によっては、CLRSが一部の科目にとってより良い選択肢になる可能性があります - - 7章、8章、9章では、いくつかの項目がうまく説明されていないか、私が持っているよりも多くの脳を必要とするため、追跡しようとすると痛いことがあります - - 誤解しないで:私はSkiena、彼の教え方、そしてマナーを好きですが、Stony Brookの教材ではないかもしれません。 - - アルゴリズムカタログ: - - これがあなたがこの本を買う本当の理由です。 - - この部分に近づきます。一度私がそれを通り抜けたら、ここで更新されます。 - - Kindleで読むことが出来ます - - Half.comは教科書のための良いリソースです。 - - 回答: - - [ソリューション](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) - - [ソリューション](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) +- [Unix プログラミング環境](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) + - 懐かしいけどおいしい +- [Linux コマンドライン: 完全な紹介](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - 現代的なオプション +- [TCP/IP 図解シリーズ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_図解) +- [ヘッドファーストデザインパターン](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - デザインパターンへの優しい入門書 +- [デザインパターン: 再利用可能なオブジェクト指向ソフトウェアの要素](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - 別名「ギャング・オブ・フォー」本またはGOF + - 正規のデザインパターンブック +- [アルゴリズム設計マニュアル](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - 振り返りと問題認識として + - アルゴリズム カタログの部分は、面接で得られる難易度の範囲をはるかに超えています。 + - この本は 2 つの部分から構成されています。 + - データ構造とアルゴリズムに関する授業用教科書 + - 長所: + - アルゴリズムの教科書と同様に、良いレビューです + - 産業界や学界の問題を解決した彼の経験からの素敵な話 + - C でのコード例 + - 短所: + - CLRS と同じくらい高密度または透過不可能である可能性があり、場合によっては、一部の被験者にとっては CLRS の方が優れた代替手段になる可能性があります。 + - 第 7 章、第 8 章、および第 9 章は、いくつかの項目が十分に説明されていなかったり、私よりも多くの頭を必要としたりするため、理解しようとすると苦痛になる可能性があります。 + - 誤解しないでください。私はスキエナと彼の教え方、マナーが好きですが、ストーニー ブルックの材料ではないかもしれません。 + - アルゴリズムカタログ: + - これがこの本を購入する本当の理由です。 + - この本はアルゴリズムのリファレンスとして優れており、最初から最後まで読むものではありません。 + - Kindleでレンタルできる + - 答え: + - [ソリューション](https://web.archive.org/web/20150404194210/http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) - [正誤表](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +- [アルゴリズム](http://jeffe.cs.illinois.edu/teaching/algorithms/) (ジェフ エリクソン) +- [素晴らしいコードを書く: 第 1 巻: マシンを理解する](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - この本は 2004 年に出版されており、やや古いですが、コンピュータを簡単に理解するのに最適なリソースです。 + - 著者は [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly) を発明したものであるため、HLA での言及と例については、話半分に聞いてください。広く使用されていませんが、アセンブリがどのようなものかを示す適切な例 + - これらの章は、優れた基礎を築くために読む価値があります。 + - 第 2 章 - 数値表現 + - 第 3 章 - 2 進数演算とビット演算 + - 第 4 章 - 浮動小数点表現 + - 第 5 章 - キャラクター表現 + - 第 6 章 - メモリの構成とアクセス + - 第 7 章 - 複合データ型とメモリ オブジェクト + - 第 9 章 - CPU アーキテクチャ + - 第 10 章 - 命令セットのアーキテクチャ + - 第 11 章 - メモリのアーキテクチャと構成 +- [アルゴリズム入門](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-fourth-Thomas-Cormen/dp/026204630X) + - **重要:** この本を読む価値は限られています。この本はアルゴリズムとデータ構造についての優れたレビューですが、優れたコードの書き方については教えてくれません。適切なソリューションを効率的にコーディングできなければなりません + - スタインがゲームに遅刻したため、別名 CLR、場合によっては CLRS +- [コンピュータ アーキテクチャ、第 6 版: 定量的アプローチ](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + - より充実した、より最新の (2017) が、より長い治療期間を必要とする場合 -- [ ] [アルゴリズムイントロダクション](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) -- [ ] [日本語版:アルゴリズムイントロダクション](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B078WPYHGN/) - - **重要:** この本を読む価値は限られています。この本はアルゴリズムとデータ構造の素晴らしいレビューですが、良いコードを書く方法を教えてくれません。まともなソリューションを効率的にコーディングすることができなければなりません。 - - Half.comは、良い価格で教科書のための素晴らしいリソースです。 - - スタインはゲームに遅れていたので、別名CLR、ときにはCLRSと呼ばれている +## システム設計、スケーラビリティ、データ処理 -- [ ] [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) - - プログラミング上の問題(データテープを使っているものもあります)への巧妙な解決策を示していますが、これは単なるイントロです。 -      これはプログラムの設計とアーキテクチャに関するガイドブックです。 - これはプログラムの設計とアーキテクチャに関するガイドブックです。Code Completeとよく似ていますが、はるかに短いものです。 +**4 年以上の経験がある場合は、システム設計に関する質問が予想されます。** -- ~~シェンの "アルゴリズムとプログラミング:問題と解決策"~~ - - 良い本ですが、いくつかのページで問題を解決した後、私はPascalに悩まされ、whileループ、1つのインデックス付き配列、不確実な事後条件の満足度結果を得ました。 - - むしろ別の本やオンラインのコーディングの問題からコーディングの問題に時間を費やすだろう +- スケーラビリティとシステム設計は、多くのトピックとリソースを含む非常に大きなトピックです。 + 拡張可能なソフトウェア/ハードウェア システムを設計する際には、考慮すべきことがたくさんあります。 + これにはかなりの時間を費やすことが予想されます +- 考慮事項: + - スケーラビリティ + - 大きなデータセットを単一の値に抽出します + - あるデータセットを別のデータセットに変換する + - 異常に大量のデータを扱うこと + - システムデザイン + - 機能セット + - インターフェース + - クラス階層 + - 特定の制約の下でシステムを設計する + - シンプルさと堅牢性 + - トレードオフ + - パフォーマンスの分析と最適化 +- [ ] **ここから始めてください**: [システム設計入門](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [HiredInTech のシステム設計](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] [技術面接で設計に関する質問に答える準備はどのようにすればよいですか?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) +- [ ] [システム設計面接に合格するための 8 つのステップ ガイド](https://javascript.plainenglish.io/8-steps-guide-to-ace-a-system-design-interview-7a5a797f4d7d) +- [ ] [データベースの正規化 - 1NF、2NF、3NF、および 4NF (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) +- [ ] [システム設計インタビュー](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - これには多くのリソースがあります。記事と例を確認してください。その一部を以下に載せておきます +- [ ] [システム設計面接に合格する方法](https://web.archive.org/web/20120716060051/http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +- [ ] [誰もが知っておくべき数字](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-Should-know/) +- [ ] [コンテキストスイッチを行うのにどのくらい時間がかかりますか?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) +- [ ] [データセンター間のトランザクション (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) +- [ ] [CAP 定理のわかりやすい英語の紹介](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem) +- [ ] [MIT 6.824: 分散システム、2020 年春 (ビデオ 20 本)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQP8WApzIQQ&list=PLrw6a1wE39_tb2fErI4-WkMbsvGQk9_UB) +- [ ] コンセンサスアルゴリズム: + - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos 契約 - コンピューター愛好家 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ ] Raft - [Raft 分散型コンセンサス アルゴリズムの概要 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + - [ ] [読みやすい論文](https://raft.github.io/) + - [ ] [インフォグラフィック](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) +- [ ] [一貫したハッシュ](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) +- [ ] [NoSQL パターン](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) +- [ ] スケーラビリティ: + - これらすべてが必要なわけではありません。興味のあるものをいくつか選んでください。 + - [ ] [素晴らしい概要 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] 短編シリーズ: + - [クローン](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [データベース](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [キャッシュ](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [非同期](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [スケーラブルな Web アーキテクチャと分散システム](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) + - [ ] [分散コンピューティングの誤った説明](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Google でのソフトウェア システムの構築と得られた教訓 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + - [ ] [大規模なシステムの設計入門](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) + - [ ] [App Engine と Cloud Datastore を使用してモバイル ゲームを世界中の視聴者に拡張する (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + - [ ] [Google が地球規模のインフラ向けに惑星規模のエンジニアリングを行う方法 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + - [ ] [アルゴリズムの重要性](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/The%20Importance%20of%20Algorithms) + - [ ] [シャーディング](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [長期戦に向けたエンジニアリング - アストリッド アトキンソン基調講演 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + - [ ] [30 分でわかる YouTube のスケーラビリティに関する 7 年間のレッスン](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) + - [ビデオ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [PayPal がわずか 8VM を使用して毎日数十億のトランザクションに拡張した方法](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) + - [ ] [大規模なデータセット内の重複を削除する方法](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) + - [ ] [Jon Cowie による Etsy の規模とエンジニアリング文化の内部を見る (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + - [ ] [Amazon を独自のマイクロサービス アーキテクチャに導いたもの](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + - [ ] [圧縮するかしないか、それは Uber の質問でした](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) + - [ ] [近似クエリ処理はどのような場合に使用する必要がありますか?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-Should-estimate-query-processing-be-used.html) + - [ ] [単一データセンターからフェイルオーバー、ネイティブ マルチホーム アーキテクチャへの Google の移行]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [1 日に何百万ものリクエストに対応する画像最適化テクノロジー](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) + - [ ] [Patreon アーキテクチャの短編](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + - [ ] [Tinder: 最大規模のレコメンデーション エンジンの 1 つは、次に会う人をどのように決定しますか?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-最大の推奨エンジンのde.html) + - [ ] [最新のキャッシュの設計](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + - [ ] [Facebook 規模のライブ ビデオ ストリーミング](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + - [ ] [Amazon の AWS で 1,100 万人以上のユーザーに拡張するための初心者ガイド](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-amazons.htmlで1,100万ユーザーに拡大) + - [ ] [Netflix スタック全体の 360 度ビュー](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html ) + - [ ] [レイテンシはどこにでも存在し、売上にコストがかかります - それを解消する方法](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + - [ ] [Instagram を動かすもの: 数百のインスタンス、数十のテクノロジー](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hunreds-of-instances) + - [ ] [Salesforce アーキテクチャ - 1 日あたり 13 億トランザクションを処理する方法](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html ) + - [ ] [ESPN の大規模なアーキテクチャ - 毎秒 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs で動作](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + - [ ] 「メッセージング、シリアル化、およびキュー システム」を参照してください。サービスを結合できるいくつかのテクノロジーについては、以下を参照してください。 + - [ ] ツイッター: + - [O'MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole、「@Twitter におけるビッグ データとスモール データ」」 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + - [大規模なタイムライン](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) + - さらに詳しくは、「大規模なデータセットのマイニング」を参照してください。 [ビデオ シリーズ](#video-series) セクションのビデオ シリーズ +- [ ] システム設計プロセスの練習: ここでは、紙の上で取り組んでみるいくつかのアイデアを示します。それぞれのアイデアには、現実世界でどのように処理されたかについてのドキュメントが含まれています。 + - レビュー: [システム設計入門](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [HiredInTech のシステム設計](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [チートシート](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - 流れ: + 1. 問題と範囲を理解します。 + - 面接官の助けを借りてユースケースを定義する + - 追加機能を提案する + - 面接官が範囲外と判断した項目は削除します。 + - 高可用性が必要であると想定し、ユースケースとして追加します + 2. 制約について考えます。 + - 月あたりのリクエスト数を尋ねる + - 1 秒あたりのリクエスト数を尋ねます (ボランティアで依頼したり、計算させたりすることもあります) + - 読み取りと書き込みの割合を見積もる + - 見積もりの​​際は 80/20 ルールを念頭に置いてください + - 1秒あたりに書き込まれるデータ量 + - 5 年間に必要な合計ストレージ + - 1秒あたりに読み取られるデータ量 + 3. 抽象的なデザイン: + - レイヤー (サービス、データ、キャッシュ) + - インフラストラクチャ: 負荷分散、メッセージング + - サービスを推進する主要なアルゴリズムの大まかな概要 + - ボトルネックを検討し、解決策を決定します + - 演習: + - [ランダムな固有 ID 生成システムを設計する](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/payment-snowflake) + - [キーと値のデータベースを設計する](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) + - [写真共有システムを設計する](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + - [推奨システムの設計](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + - [URL 短縮システムの設計: 上記からコピー](h​​ttp://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + - [キャッシュ システムの設計](https://web.archive.org/web/20220217064329/https://adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) +## 追加の学習 + + これらは、あなたが総合的なソフトウェア エンジニアになるのに役立ち、次の点に注意するために追加しました。 + テクノロジーとアルゴリズムを活用できるため、より大きなツールボックスが手に入ります。 - ### コンパイラ - - [ ] [1分でコンパイラがどのように動作するか(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) - - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - コンパイラ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) - - [ ] [C ++(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) - - [ ] [コンパイラの最適化について(C ++)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) + - [約 1 分でわかるコンパイラーの仕組み (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [ハーバード CS50 - コンパイラー (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [C++ (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [コンパイラの最適化を理解する (C++) (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) -- ### Emacsとvi(m) - - UNIXベースのコードエディタに慣れましょう - - vi(m): - - [vim 01での編集 - インストール、設定、およびモード(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) - - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) - - 4ビデオのセット: - - [vi / vimエディタ - レッスン1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) - - [vi / vimエディタ - レッスン2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) - - [vi / vimエディター - レッスン3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) - - [vi / vimエディタ - レッスン4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) - - [Emacsの代わりにViを使う](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) - - emacs: - - [基本Emacsチュートリアル(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) - - 3つのセット(ビデオ): - - [Emacsチュートリアル(初心者向け) - 第1部 - ファイルコマンド、カット/コピー/ペースト、カーソルコマンド](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) - - [Emacsチュートリアル(初心者向け) - パート2 - バッファ管理、検索、M-grep、rgrepモード](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) - - [Emacsチュートリアル(初心者) - 第3章式、ステートメント、〜/ .emacsファイルとパッケージ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) - - [邪悪なモード:または、私がEmacsを気絶させ、愛する方法(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) - - [EmacsでCプログラムを書く](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) - - [(多分)組織モードの詳細:構造の管理(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) +- ### Emacs と vi(m) + - UNIX ベースのコード エディターに慣れる + - ヴィ(男): + - [Vim による編集 01 - インストール、セットアップ、およびモード (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + - [VIM アドベンチャー](http://vim-adventures.com/) + - 4 つのビデオのセット: + - [vi/vim エディター - レッスン 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) + - [vi/vim エディタ - レッスン 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) + - [vi/vim エディター - レッスン 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) + - [vi/vim エディター - レッスン 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) + - [Emacs の代わりに Vi を使用する](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) + - emacs: + - [基礎 Emacs チュートリアル (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) + - 3 個セット (ビデオ): + - [Emacs チュートリアル (初心者向け) -その 1- ファイルコマンド、カット/コピー/ペースト、カーソルコマンド](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) + - [Emacs チュートリアル (初心者向け) -パート 2- バッファ管理、検索、M-x grep および rgrep モード](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) + - [Emacs チュートリアル (初心者向け) -パート 3- 式、ステートメント、~/.emacs ファイル、およびパッケージ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) + - [悪のモード: あるいは、心配をやめて Emacs を愛する方法を学んだ方法 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) + - [Emacs を使用した C プログラムの作成](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) + - [Emacs の完全初心者ガイド (David Wilson によるビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48JlgiBpw_I&t=0s) + - [Emacs の完全初心者ガイド (David Wilson によるメモ)](https://systemcrafters.net/emacs-essentials/absolute-beginners-guide-to-emacs/) -- ### Unixコマンドラインツール - - 私は良いツールから下のリストに記入しました。 - - [ ] bash - - [ ] cat - - [ ] grep - - [ ] sed - - [ ] awk - - [ ] カールまたはwget - - [ ] ソート - - [ ] tr - - [ ] uniq - - [ ] [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) - - [ ] [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) +- ### Unix コマンドライン ツール + - 優れたツールから以下のリストを記入しました。 + - バッシュ + - 猫 + - grep + - セド + - ああ + - カールまたはウィジェット + - 選別 + - tr + - ユニーク + - [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) -- ### 情報理論(ビデオ) - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) - - [ ] Markovプロセスの詳細: - - [ ] [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Markov Text Generationを実装するコア](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [プロジェクト=マルコフテキスト生成ウォークスルー](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walkthroughs) - - 下記のMIT 6.050J Information and Entropyシリーズを参照してください。 +- ### 情報理論 (ビデオ) + - [カーンアカデミー](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - マルコフ過程の詳細: + - [コアマルコフテキスト生成](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structions-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [マルコフ テキスト生成のコア実装](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structors-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [プロジェクト = マルコフ テキスト生成ウォークスルー](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structions-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + - 詳細については、以下の MIT 6.050J 情報とエントロピー シリーズを参照してください。 -- ### パリティ&ハミングコード(ビデオ) - - [ ] [イントロ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) - - [ ] [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) - - [ ] ハミングコード: +- ### パリティとハミングコード (ビデオ) + - [紹介](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [パリティ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - ハミングコード: - [エラー検出](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) - - [エラー修正](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) - - [ ] [エラーチェック](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + - [誤り訂正](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) + - [エラーチェック](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) - ### エントロピー - - 下記の動画もご覧ください - - 最初に情報理論ビデオを見てください - - [情報理論、Claude Shannon、エントロピー、冗長性、データ圧縮およびビット(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + - 以下のビデオもご覧ください + - 最初に情報理論のビデオを必ず視聴してください + - [情報理論、クロード シャノン、エントロピー、冗長性、データ圧縮とデータ圧縮ビッツ(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) - ### 暗号化 - - 下記の動画もご覧ください - - 最初に情報理論ビデオを見てください - - [ ] [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) - - [ ] [暗号化:ハッシュ関数](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) - - [ ] [暗号化:暗号化](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - 以下のビデオもご覧ください + - 最初に情報理論のビデオを必ず視聴してください + - [カーン アカデミー シリーズ](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [暗号化: ハッシュ関数](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [暗号化: 暗号化](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - ### 圧縮 - - 最初に情報理論ビデオを見てください - - [ ] Computerphile(ビデオ): - - [ ] [圧縮](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) - - [ ] [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) - - [ ] [上向きの木(ハフマン木)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) - - [ ] [エキストラビット/ TRITS - ハフマン木](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) - - [ ] [テキストのエレガントな圧縮(LZ 77方式)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) - - [ ] [テキスト圧縮が確率を満たす](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) - - [ ] [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) - - [ ] [(オプション)Google Developers Live:GZIPでは不十分です!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) + - 最初に情報理論のビデオを必ず視聴してください + - コンピューターマニア (ビデオ): + - [圧縮](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [圧縮におけるエントロピー](h​​ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [逆さまの木 (ハフマンの木)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [おまけ/トリッツ - ハフマン ツリー](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [テキストのエレガントな圧縮 (LZ 77 メソッド)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [テキスト圧縮と確率の両立](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [コンプレッサーヘッドビデオ](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [(オプション) Google Developers Live: GZIP だけでは十分ではありません!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) - ### コンピュータセキュリティ - - [MIT(23ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [はじめに、脅威モデル](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [ハイジャック攻撃の制御](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) - - [ ] [バッファオーバーフローの悪用と防御](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) - - [ ] [特権の分離](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [機能](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [サンドボックス化ネイティブコード](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) - - [ ] [ウェブセキュリティモデル](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Webアプリケーションの保護](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [シンボリック実行](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [ネットワークセキュリティ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [ネットワークプロトコル](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [サイドチャネル攻撃](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [MIT (23 ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [概要、脅威モデル](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [コントロールハイジャック攻撃](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [バッファ オーバーフローの悪用と防御](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [権限の分離](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [機能](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [サンドボックス ネイティブ コード](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [Web セキュリティ モデル](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Web アプリケーションの保護](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [シンボリック実行](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ネットワーク セキュリティ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ネットワーク プロトコル](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [サイドチャネル攻撃](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- ### ガベージコレクション - - [ ] [ガベージコレクション(Java);データの拡張(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) - - [ ] [コンパイラ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) - - [ ] [GC in Python(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - - [ ] [ディープダイブJava:ガーベッジコレクションは良いです!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) - - [ ] [Deep Dive Python:CPythonでのガベージコレクション(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) +- ### ガベージ コレクション + - [Python での GC (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [Java の詳細: ガベージ コレクションは優れています!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [Python の詳細: CPython のガベージ コレクション (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) -- ### パラレルプログラミング - - [ ] [Coursera(Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) - - [ ] [高性能並列計算のための効率的なPython(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) +- ### 並列プログラミング + - [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [高性能並列コンピューティングのための効率的な Python (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) -- ### メッセージング、シリアライゼーション、およびキューイングシステム - - [ ] [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) - - [チュートリアル](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/ja/latest/intro.html) - - [ ] [プロトコルバッファ](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) +- ### メッセージング、シリアル化、およびキューイング システム + - [スリフト](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [チュートリアル](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) + - [プロトコル バッファ](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) - [チュートリアル](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) - - [ ] [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) - - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) - - [ ] [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [Java 開発者のための gRPC 101 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) + - [Redis](http://redis.io/) - [チュートリアル](http://try.redis.io/) - - [ ] [Amazon SQS(キュー)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) - - [ ] [Amazon SNS(pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) - - [ ] [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) - - [はじめに](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) - - [ ] [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) - - [セロリの最初のステップ](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) - - [ ] [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) - - [イントロ - マニュアルを読む](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) - - [ ] [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) - - [ ] [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) - - [ ] [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) - - [ ] [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + - [Amazon SQS (キュー)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [はじめる](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) + - [セロリ](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [Celery を使用した最初のステップ](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) + - [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [はじめに - マニュアルを読む](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) + - [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [メッセージパック](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [アブロ](https://avro.apache.org/) -- ### A * - - [ ] [検索アルゴリズム](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) - - [ ] [A * Pathfinding Tutorial(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) - - [ ] [A *経路探索(E01:アルゴリズムの説明)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) +- ### A* + - [検索アルゴリズム](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [A* Pathfinding (E01: アルゴリズムの説明) (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) - ### 高速フーリエ変換 - - [ ] [フーリエ変換のインタラクティブガイド](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) - - [ ] [フーリエ変換とは何ですか?それは何のために使われますか?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) - - [ ] [フーリエ変換とは何ですか? (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) - - [ ] [Divide&Conquer:FFT(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) - - [ ] [FFTの理解](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + - [フーリエ変換の対話型ガイド](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [フーリエ変換とは何ですか?それは何に使われますか?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [フーリエ変換とは何ですか? (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [分割&分割 制覇: FFT (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [FFT を理解する](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/Understanding-the-fft/) - ### ブルームフィルター - - mビットとkハッシュ関数を持つBloomフィルタが与えられた場合、挿入とメンバーシップの両方のテストはO(k) - - [Bloom Filters](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) - - [ブルームフィルター|大規模なデータセットのマイニング|スタンフォード大学](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - m ビットと k 個のハッシュ関数を持つブルーム フィルターを指定すると、挿入テストとメンバーシップ テストの両方が O(k) になります。 + - [ブルームフィルター (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [ブルームフィルター |大規模なデータセットのマイニング |スタンフォード大学 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) - [チュートリアル](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) - - [Bloom Filter Appを書く方法](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) + - [ブルーム フィルター アプリの書き方](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) -- ### HyperLogLog - - [わずか1.5KBのメモリを使用して10億の異なるオブジェクトを数える方法](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) +- ### ハイパーログログ + - [わずか 1.5KB のメモリを使用して 10 億個の異なるオブジェクトを数える方法](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) -- ### 局所性に敏感なハッシング - - ドキュメントの類似性を判断するために使用されます。 - - 2つの文書/文字列がまったく同じかどうかを判断するために使用されるMD5またはSHAの反対。 - - [Simhashing(うまくいけば)シンプルに](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) +- ### 局所性を考慮したハッシュ + - 文書の類似性を判断するために使用されます + - 2 つのドキュメント/文字列がまったく同じかどうかを判断するために使用される MD5 または SHA の逆です。 + - [Simhashing (できれば) シンプルに](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefull-made-simple.html) -- ### ヴァンEmde Boasの木 - - [Divide&Conquer:van Emde Boas Trees(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) - - [ ] [MIT講義ノート](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) +- ### ファン・エムデ・ボアスの木 + - [分割&分割 征服: ファン エムデ ボアスの木 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [MIT 講義ノート](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) - ### 拡張データ構造 - - [ ] [CS 61B講義39:データ構造の拡張](https://youtu.be/zksIj9O8_jc?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&t=950) + - [CS 61B 講義 39: データ構造の拡張](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) -- ### バランスの取れた検索木 - - 少なくとも1つのタイプの平衡二分木を知っている(そしてそれがどのように実装されているか知っている): - - "バランスの取れた探索木の​​中で、AVLと2/3の樹木が通過し、赤黒の木がより人気があるようです。 -        特に興味深い自己組織化データ構造は、スプレイ木であり、回転を使用します -        アクセスされたキーをルートに移動する」 - Skiena -    これらのうち、私はスプレイ木を実装することを選択しました。私が読んだことから、あなたは -        あなたの面接でバランスの取れた検索木。しかし、私は1つのコーディングへの露出を望んでいた -        そしてそれに直面しましょう、スプレーの木はミツバチの膝です。私は赤黒の木のコードをたくさん読んだ。 - - スプレイ木:挿入、検索、削除機能 -        あなたが赤/黒の木の実装を終わらせるならば、これらを試してみてください: - - 検索と挿入機能、削除をスキップする -    B-Treeについては、非常に大規模なデータセットで非常に広く使用されているため、詳細を知りたい。 - - [ ] [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) +- ### バランスのとれた検索ツリー + - 少なくとも 1 つのタイプのバランスのとれたバイナリ ツリーを知っています (そして、それがどのように実装されているかを知っています): + - 「バランスの取れた検索ツリーの中で、AVL と 2/3 ツリーは時代遅れになり、赤黒ツリーの方が人気があるようです。」 + 特に興味深い自己組織化データ構造は、回転を使用するスプレイ ツリーです。 + アクセスされたキーをルートに移動します。」 - スキエナ + - このうち、私はスプレイツリーを実装することにしました。私が読んだ限りでは、 + インタビューでのバランスの取れた検索ツリー。しかし、コーディングをもう一段階体験したかったのです + はっきり言って、枝分かれした木はミツバチの膝です。赤黒ツリーのコードをたくさん読みました + - スプレイツリー: 挿入、検索、削除機能 + 赤/黒のツリーを実装することになった場合は、次のことを試してください。 + - 検索および挿入機能、削除のスキップ + - B-Tree は非常に大規模なデータセットで広く使用されているため、B-Tree について詳しく知りたい + - [自己平衡二分探索木](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) - - [ ] **AVL木** -        - 実際には: -            私が言うことから、これらは実際にはあまり使われていませんが、どこになるか分かります。 -            AVL木は、O(log n)検索、挿入、および削除をサポートする別の構造です。より厳格に -            赤黒の木よりもバランスがとれているため、挿入と取り出しが遅くなりますが、検索が速くなります。これにより -            一度構築され、再構成なしでロードされる、例えば言語 -            辞書(または、アセンブラまたはインタプリタのオペコードなどのプログラム辞書)を含む。 - - [ ] [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) - - [ ] [AVL木(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - - [ ] [AVL木実装(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - - [ ] [スプリットアンドマージ](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - **AVL ツリー** + - 実際には: + 私の知る限り、これらは実際にはあまり使用されていませんが、どのような場所にあるのかはわかりました。 + AVL ツリーは、O(log n) の検索、挿入、削除をサポートする別の構造です。より厳格です + 赤黒の木よりもバランスが取れているため、挿入と削除は遅くなりますが、取得は速くなります。これでできます + 言語など、一度構築すれば再構築せずにロードできるデータ構造にとって魅力的 + 辞書 (またはアセンブラやインタプリタのオペコードなどのプログラム辞書) + - [MIT AVL ツリー / AVL ソート (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [AVL ツリー (ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [AVL ツリーの実装 (ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [分割とマージ](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[レビュー] 19 分でわかる AVL ツリー (プレイリスト) (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - - [ ] **スプレッド木** -        - 実際には: -            スプレイ・木は、キャッシュ、メモリ・アロケータ、ルータ、ガベージ・コレクタ、 -            データ圧縮、ロープ(長いテキスト文字列に使用される文字列の置換)、Windows NT(仮想メモリ、 -            ネットワークおよびファイルシステムコードなど) - - [ ] [CS 61B:Splay Trees(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Najzh1rYQTo&index=23&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) - - [ ] MIT講義:Splay Trees: - - 非常にマッシーになりますが、最後の10分を確かめてください。 - - [動画](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) + - **スプレーツリー** + - 実際には: + スプレイ ツリーは通常、キャッシュ、メモリ アロケータ、ルーター、ガベージ コレクター、 + データ圧縮、ロープ (長いテキスト文字列に使用される文字列の置換)、Windows NT (仮想メモリ内、 + ネットワークおよびファイル システム コード) など + - [CS 61B: スプレイ ツリー (ビデオ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) + - MIT 講義: スプレー ツリー: + - 非常に数学的になりますが、最後の 10 分を必ず見てください。 + - [ビデオ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) - - [ ] **レッド/ブラックの木** - - これらは2-3木の翻訳です(下記参照) -        - 実際には: -            赤黒の木は、挿入時間、削除時間、および検索時間に対して最悪の場合の保証を提供します。 -            これは、リアルタイムアプリケーションなどの時間に敏感なアプリケーションでは、これらを貴重なものにするだけでなく、 -            それは最悪の場合の保証を提供する他のデータ構造における貴重なビルディングブロックになります。 -            例えば、計算幾何学で使用される多くのデータ構造は赤黒の木に基づくことができ、 -            現在のLinuxカーネルで使用されている完全に公正なスケジューラは赤黒の木を使用します。 Javaのバージョン8では、 -            Collection HashMapが変更され、LinkedListを使用して同一の要素を貧弱に保存する代わりに -            ハッシュコードでは、赤黒の木が使用されます。 - - [Aduni - アルゴリズム - 講義4(リンク先のジャンプ先)(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) - - [Aduni - アルゴリズム - 講義5(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - - [ ] [黒い木](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - - [ ] [バイナリサーチとレッドブラック木の紹介](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + - **赤/黒の木** + - これらは 2-3 ツリーの翻訳です (下記を参照)。 + - 実際には: + 赤黒ツリーは、挿入時間、削除時間、および検索時間について最悪の場合の保証を提供します。 + これにより、リアルタイム アプリケーションなどの時間に敏感なアプリケーションで価値が高まるだけでなく、 + しかし、それは、最悪の場合の保証を提供する他のデータ構造の貴重な構成要素になります。 + たとえば、計算幾何学で使用される多くのデータ構造は、赤黒ツリーに基づくことができます。 + 現在の Linux カーネルで使用されている Completely Fair Scheduler は、赤黒ツリーを使用します。 Java のバージョン 8 では、 + コレクション ハッシュマップは、LinkedList を使用する代わりに、同じ要素を低品質で保存するように変更されました。 + ハッシュコード、赤黒ツリーが使用されます + - [Aduni - アルゴリズム - レクチャー 4 (リンクは開始点にジャンプします) (ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [Aduni - アルゴリズム - レクチャー 5 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [赤黒の木](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [二分探索と Red Black Tree の概要](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) + - [[レビュー] 30 分でわかる Red-Black Trees (プレイリスト) (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) -- [ ] **2-3の検索木** - - 実際には: -            2〜3本の木は、検索が遅くなるため(AVL木よりも高さが高いため)、挿入が速くなります。 - - 2-3の木は非常にまれにしか使用しませんが、実装にはさまざまなタイプのノードが含まれるためです。代わりに、人々はレッドブラックの木を使用します。 - - [ ] [23木の直感と定義(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) - - [ ] [23-Treeのバイナリビュー](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [2-3木(学生の暗唱)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - **2-3 検索ツリー** + - 実際には: + 2 ~ 3 個のツリーでは、検索は遅くなりますが、挿入は高速になります (AVL ツリーと比較して高さが高いため)。 + - 実装にはさまざまなタイプのノードが含まれるため、2 ~ 3 個のツリーを使用することはほとんどありません。代わりに、人々は赤黒の木を使います。 + - [23 ツリーの直感と定義 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [23 ツリーのバイナリ ビュー](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [2-3 Trees (学生朗読) (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] **2-3-4木(別名2-4木)** -        - 実際には: -            すべての2-4木には、同じ順序でデータ要素を持つ対応する赤黒の木があります。挿入と削除 -            2-4木の操作は、赤黒の木の色の反転と回転にも相当します。これは2-4の木を -            赤黒の木の背後にある論理を理解するための重要なツールです。そのため、多くの導入アルゴリズムのテキストでは、 -            2〜4本の木は実用的ではありません**。 - - [ ] [CS 61B講義26:バランスの取れた検索木(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqrqYXkth6Q&index=26&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - - [ ] [ボトムアップ234-Trees(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [トップダウン234木(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + - **2-3-4 ツリー (別名 2-4 ツリー)** + - 実際には: + 2 ~ 4 個のツリーごとに、同じ順序でデータ要素を持つ対応する赤と黒のツリーがあります。挿入と削除 + 2 ~ 4 個のツリーに対する操作は、赤黒ツリーの色の反転と回転にも相当します。これにより、2 ~ 4 本の木が作成されます。 + これは、赤黒ツリーの背後にあるロジックを理解するための重要なツールであり、これが、多くのアルゴリズム入門書で紹介されている理由です。 + **実際には 2 ~ 4 本の木はあまり使用されません**が、赤黒の木の直前に 2 ~ 4 本の木。 + - [CS 61B レクチャー 26: バランスのとれた検索ツリー (ビデオ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) + - [Bottom Up 234-Trees (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [トップダウン 234-Trees (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) - - [ ] **N-ary(K-ary、M-ary)木** - - 注記:NまたはKは分岐因子(最大分岐)であり、 - - 2分木は2分木であり、分岐因子= 2 - - 2-3本の木は3本である - - [ ] [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + - **N 配列 (K 配列、M 配列) ツリー** + - 注: N または K は分岐係数 (最大分岐) です。 + - 二分木は、分岐係数 = 2 の 2 分木です。 + - 2 ~ 3 本の木は 3 分木です + - [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) - - [ ] **B-Tree** - - 楽しい事実:それは謎ですが、Bはボーイング、バランスの取れた、またはバイエル(共同発明家)のために立つことができます。 -        - 実際には: -            B木はデータベースで広く使用されています。最近のファイルシステムのほとんどは、B-tree(またはVariants)を使用しています。に加えて -            B木はファイルシステムでも使用され、任意のデータベースへの迅速なランダムアクセスを可能にします -            特定のファイル内のブロック基本的な問題は、ファイルブロックのiアドレスをディスクブロックに変換することです -            (またはおそらくシリンダーヘッドセクターへの)アドレスである。 - - [ ] [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) - - [ ] [B木(ビデオ)の紹介](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) - - [ ] [B木の定義と挿入(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [B木削除(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - メモリ階層モデル(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - - キャッシュに気付かないB木、非常に興味深いデータ構造 - - 最初の37分は非常に技術的であり、スキップすることができます(Bはブロックサイズ、キャッシュラインサイズです) + - **B ツリー** + - 面白い事実: それは謎ですが、B はボーイング、バランスド、またはバイエル (共同発明者) を表す可能性があります。 + - 実際には: + B ツリーはデータベースで広く使用されています。最新のファイルシステムのほとんどは B ツリー (またはバリアント) を使用します。に加えて + B ツリーはデータベースで使用されるだけでなく、ファイル システムでも使用され、任意のファイルへの迅速なランダム アクセスを可能にします。 + 特定のファイル内のブロック。基本的な問題は、ファイル ブロック アドレスをディスク ブロックに変換することです。 + (またはおそらくシリンダーヘッドセクターへの) アドレス + - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [B ツリー データ構造](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structs/b-trees.html) + - [B-Tree の紹介 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [B ツリーの定義と挿入 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [B ツリーの削除 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [MIT 6.851 - メモリ階層モデル (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - キャッシュを意識しない B ツリー、非常に興味深いデータ構造をカバーします + - 最初の 37 分は非常に専門的なため、スキップされる可能性があります (B はブロック サイズ、キャッシュ ライン サイズ) + - [[レビュー] 26 分でわかる B-Trees (プレイリスト) (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - -- ### k-D木 - - 矩形または高次元のオブジェクトの点数を見つけるのに最適 - - k最近接の隣人に適している - - [ ] [Kd Trees(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) - - [ ] [kNN K-d木アルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) +- ### k-D ツリー + - 長方形または高次元のオブジェクト内の多数の点を見つけるのに最適です + - k 最近傍に適切に適合 + - [kNN K-d ツリー アルゴリズム (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) - ### リストをスキップする - - 「これは多少のカルトデータ構造です」 - Skiena - - [ ] [ランダム化:リストをスキップ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [アニメーションともう少し詳しく](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + - 「これらはややカルト的なデータ構造です。」 - スキエナ + - [ランダム化: スキップ リスト (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [アニメーションともう少し詳細については](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) -- ### ネットワークの流れ - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkersonアルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - - [ ] [ネットワークフロー(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) +- ### ネットワーク フロー + - [5 分でわかるフォード対フルカーソン — ステップバイステップの例 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) + - [フォード・フルカーソンアルゴリズム (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [ネットワーク フロー (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + +- ### 素セットとユニオン検索 + - [UCB 61B - 素セット;並べ替えと整理セレクション (ビデオ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) + - [Sedgewick アルゴリズム - Union-Find (6 ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) - ### 高速処理のための数学 - - [ ] [整数演算、Karatsuba倍数(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [中国の剰余定理(暗号で使用)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + - [整数算術、からつばかけ算(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [中国剰余定理 (暗号化で使用) (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) -- ### Treap +- ### トレプ - 二分探索木とヒープの組み合わせ - - [ ] [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) - - [ ] [データ構造:Treaps説明(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) - - [ ] [セット操作のアプリケーション](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + - [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [データ構造: Treaps の説明 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUyingH8) + - [集合演算でのアプリケーション](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) -- ### リニアプログラミング(ビデオ) - - [ ] [線形計画法](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) - - [ ] [最小費用の見積もり](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9EWUC6U) - - [ ] [最大値の検索](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) - - [ ] [Pythonで線形方程式を解く - シンプレックスアルゴリズム](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) +- ### 線形計画法 (ビデオ) + - [線形計画法](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [最低コストを調べる](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [最大値を見つける](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [Python で線形方程式を解く - シンプレックス アルゴリズム](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) -- ### 幾何学、凸包(ビデオ) - - [ ] [Graph Alg。 IV:幾何学アルゴリズムの紹介 - 講義9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) - - [ ] [Geometric Algorithms:Graham&Jarvis - 講義10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [Divide&Conquer:Convex Hull、Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) +- ### ジオメトリ、凸包 (ビデオ) + - [グラフアルゴリズムIV: 幾何学的アルゴリズムの概要 - レクチャー 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [幾何アルゴリズム: Graham &ジャービス - 講義 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [分割&分割 征服: 凸包、中央値の検出](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) - ### 離散数学 - - 下のビデオを見る + - [コンピューター サイエンス 70,001 - 2015 年春 - 離散数学と確率理論](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) + - [シャイ・サイモンソンによる離散数学 (19 ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) + - [IIT Ropar NPTEL による離散数学](https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/106/106106183/) -- ### 機械学習 - - [ ] なぜMLですか? - - [ ] [Googleがどのように最初の企業を学習するマシンとして自分自身を作り直すか](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) - - [ ] [知的コンピュータシステムのための大規模な深い学習(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) - - [ ] [深い学習と理解度対ソフトウェア工学と検証、Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) - - [ ] [Googleのクラウドマシン学習ツール(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) - - [ ] [Google Developers `Machine Learning Recipes(Scikit Learn&Tensorflow)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) - - [ ] [Tensorflow(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) - - [ ] [Tensorflowチュートリアル](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) - - [ ] [Pythonでニューラルネットワークを実装する実践ガイド(Theanoを使用)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) - - コース: - - [グレートスターターコース:機械学習](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) -   - [動画のみ](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) -   - 線形代数のレビューについてはビデオ12〜18を参照してください(14と15は重複しています) - - [機械学習のためのニューラルネットワーク](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) - - [GoogleのDeep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) - - [Google / Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) - - [自己運転車技術者Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) - - リソース: - - 書籍: - - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) - - [ゼロからのデータ科学:Pythonの第一原理](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) - - [Pythonによる機械学習入門](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) - - [ソフトウェアエンジニア向け機械学習](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) - - データスクール:http://www.dataschool.io/ +--- -- +## 一部の主題に関する追加の詳細 -## 追加科目の詳細 + これらは、上ですでに示したいくつかのアイデアを補強するために追加しましたが、含めたくはありませんでした + あまりにも多すぎるため、上記で説明しました。あるテーマについてやりすぎるのは簡単です。 + 今世紀中に採用されたいですよね? -    私は既に上記のいくつかのアイデアを強化するためにこれらを追加しましたが、それらを含めたくありませんでした -    それはちょうどあまりにも多くのためです。それは科目にそれを過ごすのは簡単です。 -    あなたは今世紀に雇われたかったですね。 +- **固体** + - [ ] [Bob Martin オブジェクト指向とアジャイル設計の SOLID 原則 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] S - [単一責任の原則](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [各オブジェクトに対する単一の責任](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [その他のフレーバー](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [オープン/クローズの原則](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [運用レベルでは、オブジェクトは拡張の準備ができていますが、変更の準備はできません](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [その他のフレーバー](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [リスコフ置換原則](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [基本クラスと派生クラスは「IS A」原則に従います](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [その他のフレーバー](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [インターフェイス分離の原則](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) |クライアントは、使用しないインターフェイスの実装を強制されるべきではありません + - [5 分でわかるインターフェース分離の原則 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [その他のフレーバー](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=ja) + - [ ] D -[依存性反転の原則](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) |オブジェクトの構成における依存関係を軽減します。 + - [依存関係逆転の原則とその重要性](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [その他のフレーバー](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) -- [ ] **連合検索** - - [ ] [概要](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) - - [ ] [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) - - [ ] [木](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) - - [ ] [ランキングによる連合](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) - - [ ] [パス圧縮](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) - - [ ] [分析オプション](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) +- **ユニオン検索** + - [概要](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [単純な実装](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [木](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [ランク別ユニオン](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [パス圧縮](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [分析オプション](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) -- [ ] **もっとダイナミックなプログラミング**(ビデオ) - - [ ] [6.006:動的プログラミングI:フィボナッチ、最短経路](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) - - [ ] [6.006:ダイナミックプログラミングII:テキストジャスティフィケーション、ブラックジャック](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) - - [ ] [6.006:DP III:かっこ、編集距離、ナップザック](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) - - [6.006:DP IV:Guitar Fingering、Tetris、Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.046:Dynamic Programming&Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [6.046:ダイナミックプログラミング:オールペア最短パス](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) - - [ ] [6.046:ダイナミックプログラミング(学生の暗唱)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) +- **さらに動的プログラミング** (ビデオ) + - [6.006: 動的計画法 I: フィボナッチ、最短経路](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-cftqTcdI&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [6.006: 動的プログラミング II: テキストの位置調整、ブラックジャック](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLBCUx1is2c&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [6.006: DP III: 括弧、編集距離、ナップザック](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TDo3r5M1LNo&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [6.006: DP IV: ギターの運指、テトリス、スーパーマリオブラザーズ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9OAOk0CUQE&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [6.046: 動的プログラミングとアドバンスト DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [6.046: 動的プログラミング: 全ペアの最短パス](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [6.046: 動的プログラミング (学生の暗唱)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) -- [ ] **高度なグラフ処理**(ビデオ) - - [ ] [同期分散アルゴリズム:対称性を破る。木にまたがる最短パス](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) - - [ ] [非同期分散アルゴリズム:木にまたがる最短パス](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) +- **高度なグラフ処理** (ビデオ) + - [同期分散アルゴリズム: 対称性の破壊。最短パス スパニング ツリー](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [非同期分散アルゴリズム: 最短パス スパニング ツリー](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) -- [ ] MIT **確率**(mathy、ゆっくりと進み、数学的なことに良い)(ビデオ): - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 確率の紹介](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 条件付き確率](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 独立性](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - ランダム変数](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 期待値I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 大きな偏差](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - ランダムウォーク](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) +- MIT **確率** (数学的で、ゆっくり進めてください。これは数学的なことに適しています) (ビデオ): + - [MIT 6.042J - 確率の概要](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - 条件付き確率](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - 独立](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - 確率変数](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [MIT 6.042J - 期待 I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - 期待 II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - 大きな逸脱](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - ランダム ウォーク](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) -- [ ] [Simonson:Approximation Algorithms(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) +- [Simonson: 近似アルゴリズム (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) -- [ ] **文字列マッチング** - - [ ] Rabin-Karp(ビデオ): - - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) - - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) - - [最適化:実装と分析](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) - - [表倍増、Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) - - [ローリングハッシュ、償却分析](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) - - [ ] クヌース・モリス・プラット(KMP): - - [Knuth-Morris-Pratt(KMP)文字列マッチングアルゴリズム](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) - - [ ] Boyer-Moore文字列検索アルゴリズム - - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) - - [高度な文字列検索Boyer-Moore-Horspoolアルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) - - [ ] [Coursera:文字列のアルゴリズム](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) - - すごく始まりますが、KMPを過ぎるまでには、必要以上に複雑になります - - 試行の良い説明 - - スキップすることができます +- **文字列のマッチング** + - ラビン・カープ (ビデオ): + - [Rabin Karps アルゴリズム](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data- Structures/rabin-karps-algorithm-c0Qkw) + - [事前計算](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) + - [最適化: 実装と分析](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data- Structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) + - [テーブル ダブリング、カープラビン](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) + - [ローリング ハッシュ、償却分析](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) + - クヌース・モリス・プラット (KMP): + - [Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) 文字列マッチング アルゴリズム](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) + - Boyer-Moore 文字列検索アルゴリズム + - [Boyer-Moore 文字列検索アルゴリズム](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) + - [Boyer-Moore-Horspool アルゴリズムによる高度な文字列検索 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) + - [Coursera: 文字列上のアルゴリズム](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - 最初は素晴らしいですが、KMP を超えるまでに必要以上に複雑になります + - トライの素晴らしい説明 + - スキップ可能 -- [ ] **ソート** +- **並べ替え** - - [ ] スタンフォードのソーティングに関する講義: - - [ ] [講義15 |プログラミングの抽象化(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] [講義16 |プログラミングの抽象化(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] Shai Simonson、[Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): - - [ ] [アルゴリズム - ソート - 講義2(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) - - [ ] [アルゴリズム - ソートII - レクチャー3(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) - - [ ] Steven Skienaのソーティングに関する講義: - - [ ] [講義は26:46に始まります(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) - - [ ] [講義は27:40(ビデオ)から開始](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [講演は35:00(ビデオ)から開始](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [講演は23:50から始まります(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + - スタンフォード大学の分類に関する講義: + - [講義 15 |プログラミングの抽象化 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [講義 16 |プログラミングの抽象化 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - シャイ・サイモンソン: + - [アルゴリズム - 並べ替え - レクチャー 2 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [アルゴリズム - 並べ替え II - 講義 3 (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - スティーブン・スキーナが分類について講義します: + - [CSE373 2020 - マージソート/クイックソート (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUf-UQ3a0kg&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=8) + - [CSE373 2020 - 線形並べ替え (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ksyQKmre84&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=9) +- NAND からテトリスへ: [第一原理から最新のコンピューターを構築する](https://www.coursera.org/learn/build-a-computer) -## ビデオシリーズ +## ビデオ シリーズ -座って楽しんでください。 「ネットフリックスとスキル」:P +座って楽しんでください。 -- [ ] [個々の動的プログラミングの問題のリスト(それぞれ短いです)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) +- [動的計画法の問題の個別リスト (それぞれ短い)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) -- [ ] [x86アーキテクチャ、アセンブリ、アプリケーション(11ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) +- [x86 アーキテクチャ、アセンブリ、アプリケーション (11 ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) -- [ ] [MIT 18.06線形代数、2005年春(35ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) +- [MIT 18.06 線形代数、2005 年春 (35 ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) -- [ ] [優秀 - MIT Calculus Revisited:単一変数計算](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) +- [優れた - MIT 微積分再考: 単一変数微積分](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) -- [ ] [コンピュータサイエンス70,001 - 春2015 - 離散数学と確率論](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) +- [アルゴリズム設計マニュアルからの Skiena 講義 - CSE373 2020 - アルゴリズムの分析 (26 ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22hwcnXIGgk&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=1) -- [ ] [Shai Simonsonによる離散数学(19ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): データ構造 (25 ビデオ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) -- [ ] [離散数学第1部:Sarada Herke(5ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) +- [UC Berkeley 61B (2006 年秋): データ構造 (39 ビデオ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) -- [ ] CSE373 - アルゴリズムの分析(25ビデオ) - - [アルゴリズム設計マニュアルのSkiena講義](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) +- [UC Berkeley 61C: 機械構造 (26 ビデオ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) -- [UCバークレー61B(Spring 2014):データ構造(25ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFPmKGIrQs4&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) +- [OOSE: UML と Java を使用したソフトウェア開発 (21 ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) -- [UC Berkeley 61B(2006年秋):データ構造(39ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) +- [MIT 6.004: 計算構造 (ビデオ 49 件)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDSlqjcPpoL64CJdF0Qee5oWqGS6we_Yu) -- [UC Berkeley 61C:機械構造物(26ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJJUUFyuvvg&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) +- [カーネギー メロン - コンピューター アーキテクチャの講義 (ビデオ 39 件)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) -- [ ] [OOSE:UMLとJavaを使用したソフトウェア開発(21ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) +- [MIT 6.006: アルゴリズムの紹介 (47 ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley CS 152:コンピュータアーキテクチャとエンジニアリング(20ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr) +- [MIT 6.033: コンピューター システム エンジニアリング (22 ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) -- [ ] [MIT 6.004:計算構造(49ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) +- [MIT 6.034 人工知能、2010 年秋 (30 ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) -- [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures(39ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) +- [MIT 6.042J: コンピューター サイエンスのための数学、2010 年秋 (25 ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) -- [ ] [MIT 6.006:アルゴリズム紹介(47ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) +- [MIT 6.046: アルゴリズムの設計と分析 (ビデオ 34 件)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) -- [ ] [MIT 6.033:コンピュータシステムエンジニアリング(22ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) +- [MIT 6.824: 分散システム、2020 年春 (ビデオ 20 本)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQP8WApzIQQ&list=PLrw6a1wE39_tb2fErI4-WkMbsvGQk9_UB) -- [ ] [MIT 6.034人工知能、2010年秋(30ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) +- [MIT 6.851: 高度なデータ構造 (22 ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) -- [ ] [MIT 6.042J:コンピュータサイエンスの数学、2010年秋(25ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) +- [MIT 6.854: 高度なアルゴリズム、2016 年春 (24 動画eos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) -- [ ] [MIT 6.046:アルゴリズムの設計と分析(34ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) +- [Harvard COMPSCI 224: 高度なアルゴリズム (25 ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) -- [ ] [MIT 6.050J:情報とエントロピー、2008年春(19ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) +- [MIT 6.858 コンピューター システム セキュリティ、2014 年秋](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- [ ] [MIT 6.851:高度なデータ構造(22ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) +- [スタンフォード: プログラミング パラダイム (27 ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) -- [ ] [MIT 6.854:Advanced Algorithms、Spring 2016(24ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) +- [クリストフ・パールによる暗号入門](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) + - [スライドと問題セットを含むコース Web サイト](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) -- [ ] [Harvard COMPSCI 224:Advanced Algorithms(25ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) +- [大規模なデータセットのマイニング - スタンフォード大学 (94 ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) -- [ ] [MIT 6.858コンピュータシステムセキュリティ、2014年秋](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) +- [Sarada Herke によるグラフ理論 (67 ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) -- [ ] [Stanford:Programming Paradigms(27ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) +## コンピューター サイエンス コース -- [ ] [Christof Paarによる暗号の概要](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) - - [スライドと問題セットと一緒のコースウェブサイト](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) +- [オンライン CS コースのディレクトリ](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) +- [CS コースのディレクトリ (オンライン講義を含む多くのコース)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) -- [ ] [Mining Massive Datasets - スタンフォード大学(94ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) +## アルゴリズムの実装 -- [ ] [グラフ理論(Sarada Herke)(67ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) +- [プリンストン大学による複数のアルゴリズムの実装](https://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/code) -## コンピュータサイエンスコース +## 論文 -- [オンラインCSコースのディレクトリ](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) -- [CSコースのディレクトリ(多くはオンライン講義あり)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) +- [古典的な論文は好きですか?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~cry/819-f09/) +- [1978: 逐次プロセスの通信](http://spinroot.com/courses/Summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [Go で実装](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) +- [2003: Google ファイル システム](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - 2012 年に Colossus に置き換えられました +- [2004: MapReduce: 大規模クラスターでのデータ処理の簡素化](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - ほとんどが Cloud Dataflow に置き換えられましたか? +- [2006: Bigtable: 構造化データの分散ストレージ システム](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) +- [2006: 疎結合分散システム用の Chubby Lock サービス](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) +- [2007: Dynamo: Amazon の高可用性 Key-Value ストア](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) + - Dynamo の論文が NoSQL 革命のきっかけとなった +- [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (非常に長いため、著者は一部のセクションをスキップすることを推奨しています)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) +- 2012: AddressSanitizer: 高速アドレス健全性チェッカー: + - [論文](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [ビデオ](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) +- 2013: Spanner: Google の世界的に分散されたデータベース: + - [論文](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [ビデオ](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) +- [2015: Google の継続的なパイプライン](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +- [2015: 大規模な高可用性: Google の広告用データ インフラストラクチャの構築](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +- [2015: 開発者がコードを検索する方法: ケーススタディ](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +- その他の論文: [1,000 件の論文](https://github.com/0voice/computer_expert_paper) + +## ライセンス + +[CC-BY-SA-4.0](./LICENSE.txt) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translations/README-kh.md b/translations/README-kh.md index 22baabd..2cf649e 100644 --- a/translations/README-kh.md +++ b/translations/README-kh.md @@ -51,27 +51,6 @@

Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University!

-

- Special thanks to: -

-
@@ -517,6 +496,7 @@ Data Structure ទាំងអស់ដែលខ្ញុំធ្លាប់ - [ភាពស្មុគស្មាញនៃការគណនា៖ ផ្នែកទី ១](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [ភាពស្មុគស្មាញនៃការគណនា៖ ផ្នែកទី ២](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [សន្លឹកជំនួយ](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) --- @@ -563,6 +543,7 @@ Data Structure ទាំងអស់ដែលខ្ញុំធ្លាប់ - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists ១ (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists ២ (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [កូដ C (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - មិនមែនវីដេអូទាំងមូលទេគឺគ្រាន់តែជាផ្នែកអំពីរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ (Data Structure) និងការបែងចែក Memory ។ - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: @@ -596,11 +577,13 @@ Data Structure ទាំងអស់ដែលខ្ញុំធ្លាប់ - ### Stack - [ ] [Stack (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] នឹងមិនអនុវត្តទេ។ ការអនុវត្តជាមួយ Array គឺមិនសំខាន់។ - ### Queue - [ ] [Queue (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq)     - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ)     - [ ] ប្រើ linked-list ដែលមានភ្ជាប់ជាមួយទ្រនិចនៅកន្ទុយ៖ - enqueue(តម្លៃ) - បន្ថែមតម្លៃនៅទីតាំងនៅកន្ទុយ - dequeue() - ត្រឡប់តម្លៃនិងយកធាតុដែលបានបន្ថែមថ្មីៗចេញ (ផ្នែកខាងមុខ) @@ -625,6 +608,7 @@ Data Structure ទាំងអស់ដែលខ្ញុំធ្លាប់ - [ ] [PyCon 2010: វចនានុក្រមដ៏អស្ចារ្យ (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [ ] [(កម្រិតខ្ពស់) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(ជឿនលឿន) Perfect hashing (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] វគ្គសិក្សាអនឡាញ៖ - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) @@ -650,6 +634,7 @@ Data Structure ទាំងអស់ដែលខ្ញុំធ្លាប់ - [ ] [Binary search (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary search (វីដេអូ)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [លម្អិត](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] អនុវត្ត៖ - Binary search (នៅលើជួរអារេនៃចំនួនគត់) - Binary search ដោយប្រើការហៅខ្លួនឯង @@ -704,6 +689,9 @@ Data Structure ទាំងអស់ដែលខ្ញុំធ្លាប់ - inorder (DFS: ឆ្វេង, ខ្លួនឯង, ស្តាំ) - postorder (DFS: ឆ្វេង, ស្តាំ, ខ្លួនឯង) - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Binary search trees: BSTs - [ ] [ការពិនិត្យឡើងវិញ Binary Search Tree (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -751,6 +739,7 @@ Data Structure ទាំងអស់ដែលខ្ញុំធ្លាប់ - [ ] [MIT: Heaps និង Heap Sort (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B មេរៀន 24: Priority Queues (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] ការអនុវត្ត max-heap: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - ត្រូវការសំរាប់បញ្ចូល @@ -818,6 +807,14 @@ Data Structure ទាំងអស់ដែលខ្ញុំធ្លាប់ - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] អនុវត្ត: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) ករណីមធ្យម និង អាក្រក់បំផុត - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) ករណីមធ្យម @@ -883,6 +880,8 @@ Graphs អាចត្រូវបានប្រើដើម្បីបង្ - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - វគ្គសិក្សា Coursera: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1267,8 +1266,9 @@ Graphs អាចត្រូវបានប្រើដើម្បីបង្ - [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 វីដេអូ) - [វីដេអូ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (38 វីដេអូ): - - [វីដេអូ](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (48 វីដេអូ): + - [វីដេអូ](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [ ] [វីដេអូ Sedgewick - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [វីដេអូ Sedgewick - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -1674,6 +1674,7 @@ Mock Interviews: - [AVL Trees (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [AVL Tree Implementation (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - **Splay trees** - ក្នុងការអនុវត្ត ៖ @@ -1697,6 +1698,7 @@ Mock Interviews: - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - **2-3 search trees** - ក្នុងការអនុវត្ត ៖ @@ -1736,6 +1738,7 @@ Mock Interviews: - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - រៀនពី cache-oblivious B-Trees, data structures - ៣៧ នាទីដំបូងគឺបច្ចេកទេសហើយប្រហែលជាអាចរំលងចោល (B is block size, cache line size) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees diff --git a/translations/README-ko.md b/translations/README-ko.md index 4007987..3329d42 100644 --- a/translations/README-ko.md +++ b/translations/README-ko.md @@ -56,27 +56,6 @@

Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University!

-

- Special thanks to: -

-
@@ -552,6 +531,7 @@ Anki 형식의 내 요약집 데이터베이스: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) ## 자료구조 @@ -593,6 +573,7 @@ Anki 형식의 내 요약집 데이터베이스: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info - [ ] [단일 연결 리스트 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - [ ] [CS 61B - 연결 리스트 1 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - [ ] [CS 61B - 연결 리스트 2 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - 전체 영상은 아니고, 노드 구조와 메모리 할당에 대한 부분입니다. - [ ] 연결 리스트 vs 배열: @@ -624,11 +605,13 @@ Anki 형식의 내 요약집 데이터베이스: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info - ### 스택 - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. - ### 큐 - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer)05_04-priorityQueuesAndDeques.mp4) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] tail 포인터가 있는 연결 리스트를 사용하여 구현하기: - enqueue(value) - tail이 가리키는 곳에 value를 추가한다 - dequeue() - value를 반환하고 가장 최근에 추가된 원소(front)를 제거한다. @@ -653,6 +636,7 @@ Anki 형식의 내 요약집 데이터베이스: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] 온라인 강의들: - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) @@ -675,6 +659,7 @@ Anki 형식의 내 요약집 데이터베이스: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [자세한 내용](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] 구현: - (정수가 정렬된 배열에서) 이진 탐색 - 재귀를 사용한 이진 탐색 @@ -727,6 +712,9 @@ Anki 형식의 내 요약집 데이터베이스: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info - 중위(inorder) (DFS: 왼쪽, 자신, 오른쪽) - 후위(postorder) (DFS: 왼쪽, 오른쪽, 자신) - 전위(preorder) (DFS: 자신, 왼쪽, 오른쪽) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### 이진 탐색 트리 (BST) - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -772,6 +760,7 @@ Anki 형식의 내 요약집 데이터베이스: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info - [ ] [MIT: 힙과 힙 정렬 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: 우선순위 큐 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [선형 시간에 힙 만들기 (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] max-heap 구현하기: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - `insert` 하려면 필요 @@ -837,6 +826,14 @@ Anki 형식의 내 요약집 데이터베이스: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info - [ ] [구현 (C언어)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [구현 (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] 구현: - [ ] 병합 정렬: 평균과 최악의 경우 O(n log n) - [ ] 퀵 정렬: 평균적인 경우 O(n log n) @@ -900,6 +897,8 @@ Anki 형식의 내 요약집 데이터베이스: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Full Coursera Course: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1286,8 +1285,9 @@ Skiena의 책(아래의 책 섹션 참조)과 인터뷰 책에서 더 많은 그 - [ ] 2-3분 분량의 주제별 짧은 영상 시리즈 (23 videos) - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] 2-5분 분량의 주제별 짧은 영상 시리즈 - Michael Sambol (38 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] 2-5분 분량의 주제별 짧은 영상 시리즈 - Michael Sambol (48 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -1695,6 +1695,7 @@ Challenge repos: - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - **Splay trees** - In practice: @@ -1720,6 +1721,7 @@ Challenge repos: - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - **2-3 search trees** - In practice: @@ -1758,6 +1760,7 @@ Challenge repos: - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees - great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object diff --git a/translations/README-pl.md b/translations/README-pl.md index e1840ad..c9a81d0 100644 --- a/translations/README-pl.md +++ b/translations/README-pl.md @@ -48,27 +48,6 @@

Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University!

-

- Special thanks to: -

-
## Co to jest? @@ -504,6 +483,7 @@ Napisz kod na tablicy lub papierze, a nie na komputerze. Testuj z niektórymi pr - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Ściągawka](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) ## Struktury danych @@ -545,6 +525,7 @@ Napisz kod na tablicy lub papierze, a nie na komputerze. Testuj z niektórymi pr - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation. - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: @@ -576,11 +557,13 @@ Napisz kod na tablicy lub papierze, a nie na komputerze. Testuj z niektórymi pr - ### Stos - [ ] [Stacks (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. - ### Kolejka - [ ] [Queue (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) @@ -605,6 +588,7 @@ Napisz kod na tablicy lub papierze, a nie na komputerze. Testuj z niektórymi pr - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [ ] [(Zaawansowane) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Zaawansowane) Perfect hashing (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Kursy online: - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) @@ -627,6 +611,7 @@ Napisz kod na tablicy lub papierze, a nie na komputerze. Testuj z niektórymi pr - [ ] [Binary Search (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary Search (wideo)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Implement: - binary search (on sorted array of integers) - binary search using recursion @@ -676,6 +661,9 @@ Napisz kod na tablicy lub papierze, a nie na komputerze. Testuj z niektórymi pr - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Binary search trees: BSTs - drzewa binarne - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -723,6 +711,7 @@ Napisz kod na tablicy lub papierze, a nie na komputerze. Testuj z niektórymi pr - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Implement a max-heap: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert @@ -788,6 +777,14 @@ Napisz kod na tablicy lub papierze, a nie na komputerze. Testuj z niektórymi pr - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Implement: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case @@ -851,7 +848,9 @@ Grafy mogą być wykorzystane do przedstawienia wielu problemów w informatyce, - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) - + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) + - Pełny kurs Coursera: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1240,8 +1239,9 @@ Trie to drzewo węzłów, które obsługuje operacje Znajdź i Wstaw [etc (...)] - [ ] Seria 2-3 minutowych, krótkich filmów tematycznych (23 wideo) - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Seria 2–5 minutowych, krótkich filmów tematycznych - Michael Sambol (38 wideo): - - [Wideo](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Seria 2–5 minutowych, krótkich filmów tematycznych - Michael Sambol (48 wideo): + - [Wideo](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorytmy I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorytmy II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -1648,6 +1648,7 @@ Tak na prawdę nigdy nie skończyłeś. - [AVL Trees (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [AVL Tree Implementation (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - **Splay trees** - In practice: @@ -1673,6 +1674,7 @@ Tak na prawdę nigdy nie skończyłeś. - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - **2-3 search trees** - In practice: @@ -1713,6 +1715,7 @@ Tak na prawdę nigdy nie skończyłeś. - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees diff --git a/translations/README-ptbr.md b/translations/README-ptbr.md index 67fb3b8..b5cda2a 100644 --- a/translations/README-ptbr.md +++ b/translations/README-ptbr.md @@ -44,27 +44,6 @@ Traduções em progresso:

Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University!

-

- Special thanks to: -

-
@@ -533,6 +512,7 @@ Escreva código em um quadro branco ou papel, não em um computador. Teste com u - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) (Complexidade Computacional: Seção 1) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) (Complexidade Computacional: Seção 2) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) (Folha de Consultas) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) Se alguma das aulas forem muito "matemáticas", você pode pular para o final e @@ -578,6 +558,7 @@ Escreva código em um quadro branco ou papel, não em um computador. Teste com u - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) (listas ligadas individualmente - vídeo) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htzJdKoEmO0&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=7) (CS 61B - Listas Ligadas 1 - vídeo) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-c4I3gFYe3w&index=8&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) (CS 61B - Listas Ligadas 2 - vídeo) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) (Código em C - vídeo) - não o vídeo inteiro, apenas as partes sobre estrutura de nodes (nós) e alocação de memória. - [ ] Listas Ligadas vs Arrays: @@ -609,11 +590,13 @@ Escreva código em um quadro branco ou papel, não em um computador. Teste com u - ### Stack - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Não implementarei. Implementar com array é trivial. - ### Queue (Fila) - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) - - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) (Buffer circular/Primeiro a entrar, último a sair) + - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ)(Buffer circular/Primeiro a entrar, último a sair) - [ ] Implementar usando lista ligada, com ponteiro de cauda (aponta para o último elemento de uma lista): - enqueue(valor) - adiciona "valor" na posição na cauda (final da lista) - dequeue() - retorna um valor e remove o elemento menos recentemente adicionado (início da lista)) @@ -638,6 +621,7 @@ Escreva código em um quadro branco ou papel, não em um computador. Teste com u - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) (PyCon 2010: O Poderoso Dicionário (vídeo) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) ((Avançado) Randomização: Hashing Perfeito & Universal - vídeo) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) ((Avançado) Hashing perfeito - vídeo) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Cursos Online: - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) (Fundamentos de Tabelas Hash - vídeo) @@ -660,6 +644,7 @@ Escreva código em um quadro branco ou papel, não em um computador. Teste com u - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) (Busca Binária - vídeo) - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) (Busca Binária - vídeo) - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) (detalhes) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Implementar: - busca binária (em um array ordenado de números inteiros) - busca binária usando recursividade @@ -713,6 +698,9 @@ Escreva código em um quadro branco ou papel, não em um computador. Teste com u - em-ordem ou ordem simétrica(na busca em profundidade (ou DFS): percorre subárvore esquerda em ordem simétrica (em-ordem), visita a raiz, percorre subárvore direita em ordem simétrica) - pós-ordem (na busca em profundidade (ou DFS): percorre subárvore esquerda em pós-ordem, percorre subárvore direita em pós-ordem, visita a raiz) - pré-ordem (na busca em profundidade (ou DFS): visita a raiz, percorre subárvore esquerda em pré-ordem, percorre subárvore direita em pré-ordem) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Árvores binárias de busca: ABB - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) (Revisão de Árvores Binárias de Busca - vídeo) @@ -760,6 +748,7 @@ Escreva código em um quadro branco ou papel, não em um computador. Teste com u - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) (MIT: Memórias Dinâmias e heapsort - vídeo) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) (CS (Ciência da Computação) 61B Aula 24: Filas Prioritárias - vídeo) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) (BuildHeap em Tempo Linear (heap máxima)) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Implementar uma heap máxima (max-heap): - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - necessário insert @@ -806,6 +795,14 @@ Escreva código em um quadro branco ou papel, não em um computador. Teste com u - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) (Implementação em C) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) (Implementação em Python) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Implementar: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) caso comum e pior caso - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) caso comum @@ -865,6 +862,8 @@ Grafos podem ser usados para representar muitos problemas na Ciência da Computa - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) (CS 61B 2014: Grafos Ponderados - vídeo) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) (Algoritmos Gulosos: Árvore de Extensão Mínima - vídeo) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) (Componentes Fortemente Conectados, Algoritmo de Kosaraju, Algoritmo de Grafo - vídeo) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Curso Completo do Coursera: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) (Algoritmos em Grafos - vídeo) @@ -932,7 +931,7 @@ Você ganhará mais prática com grafos no livro do Skiena (veja a seção de li - [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) (Engenharia de Software Orientada a Objetos: Desenvolvedor de Software usando UML e Java) - [ ] Princípios de SOLID de POO: - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) (Princípios de SOLID de Orientação a Objetos e Design Ágil por Bob Martin) - - [ ] [SOLID Design Patterns in C# (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8m4NUhTQU48oiGCSgCP1FiJEcg_xJzyQ) (Padrões de Design de SOLID em C# - vídeo) + - [ ] [SOLID Design Patterns in C# (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8RerBWgqkey0rgzdmoJTc_ijMo8lf5T-) (Padrões de Design de SOLID em C# - vídeo) - [ ] [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) (Princípios de SOLID - vídeo) - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) (S - Princípio da Responsabilidade Única) - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) (mais informações) @@ -1309,8 +1308,9 @@ Você ganhará mais prática com grafos no livro do Skiena (veja a seção de li - [ ] Séries de vídeos curtos (2 - 3 minutos) sobre o assunto (23 vídeos) - [Vídeos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Séries de vídeos curtos (2 - 5 minutos) sobre o assunto - Michael Sambol (38 vídeos): - - [Vídeos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Séries de vídeos curtos (2 - 5 minutos) sobre o assunto - Michael Sambol (48 vídeos): + - [Vídeos](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) --- @@ -1655,6 +1655,7 @@ Esses tópicos provavelmente não aparecerão em uma entrevista, mas eu adicione - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) (Árvores AVl - vídeo) - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) (Implementação de Árvores AVL - vídeo) - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) (Dividir e Fundir) + - [ ] [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - [ ] **Árvores Splay** - Ná prática: @@ -1680,6 +1681,7 @@ Esses tópicos provavelmente não aparecerão em uma entrevista, mas eu adicione - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) (Aduni - Algoritmos - Aula 5 - vídeo) - [ ] [Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) (Árvore Rubro-Negra) - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) (Uma Introdução a Busca Binária E Árvore Rubro-Negra) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - [ ] **Árvores de busca 2-3** - Ná prática: @@ -1719,6 +1721,7 @@ Esses tópicos provavelmente não aparecerão em uma entrevista, mas eu adicione - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) (MIT 6.851 - Modelos de Hierarquia de Memória - vídeo) - cobre Árvores B de cache-alheio (do Inglês, cache-oblivious), estruturas de dados muito interessantes - os primeiros 37 minutos são bem técnicos, pode ser pulado (B é tamanho de bloco, tamanho de linha de cache) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### Árvores k-D @@ -1926,4 +1929,4 @@ Sente-se e aproveite. "Netflix e habilidade" :P ## Cursos de Ciência da Computação - [Diretório de Cursos Online de Ciência da Computação](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) -- [Diretório de Cursos Online de Ciência da Computação (muitos com aulas online)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) \ No newline at end of file +- [Diretório de Cursos Online de Ciência da Computação (muitos com aulas online)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) diff --git a/translations/README-ru.md b/translations/README-ru.md index 94ef6b3..0b6f308 100644 --- a/translations/README-ru.md +++ b/translations/README-ru.md @@ -7,27 +7,6 @@

Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University!

-

- Особые благодарности: -

-
@@ -586,6 +565,7 @@ Google не возьмёт тебя на работу. - [Вычислительная сложность: Часть 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Вычислительная сложность: Часть 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Шпаргалка](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) Если в некоторых лекциях слишком много математики, вы можете ниже найти и посмотреть лекции по дискретной математике для получения базовых знаний. @@ -633,6 +613,7 @@ Google не возьмёт тебя на работу. - [ ] Описание: - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - не все видео целиком, только кусочки об узлах и распределении памяти. - [ ] Связные списки vs Массивы: @@ -667,6 +648,7 @@ Google не возьмёт тебя на работу. - ### Стек - [ ] [Стек (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) - [ ] [Использование стека Last-In First-Out (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-stacks-last-first-out/149042/177120-4.html) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Не будет реализован. Реализация с помощью массива очевидна. - ### Очередь @@ -674,6 +656,7 @@ Google не возьмёт тебя на работу. - [ ] [Очередь (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) - [ ] [Очередь с приоритетом (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Priority-queues-deques/149042/177123-4.html) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Реализация с использованием связанного списка и указателя на последний элемент(tail): - enqueue(value) - добавляет элемент в конец очереди - dequeue() - возвращает значение и удаляет из очереди последний добавленный элемент(front) @@ -698,6 +681,7 @@ Google не возьмёт тебя на работу. - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Онлайн курсы: - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Understanding-hash-functions/149042/177126-4.html) @@ -724,6 +708,7 @@ Google не возьмёт тебя на работу. - [ ] [Бинарный поиск (видео на ютубе)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Бинарный поиск (видео на khanacademy)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [Длинная статья с деталями](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Реализация: - бинарный поиск (на отсортированном числовом массиве) - бинарный поиск с использованием рекурсии @@ -778,6 +763,9 @@ Google не возьмёт тебя на работу. - in-order (DFS: левый, вершина, правый) - post-order (DFS: левый, правый, вершина) - pre-order (DFS: вершина, левый, правый) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Бинарное дерево поиска (BST: Binary search trees) - [ ] [Обзор бинарного дерева поиска (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -825,6 +813,7 @@ Google не возьмёт тебя на работу. - [ ] [MIT: Кучи и пирамидальная сортировка (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Лекция 24: Приоритетные очереди (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - [ ] [Построение кучи за линейное время (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Реализация max-heap: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - необходима для вставки @@ -871,6 +860,14 @@ Google не возьмёт тебя на работу. - [ ] [Реализация (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Реализация (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Реализация: - [ ] Сортировка слиянием: O(n log n) средний и худший случаи - [ ] Быстрая сортировка O(n log n) средний случай @@ -927,6 +924,8 @@ Google не возьмёт тебя на работу. - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Взвешенные графы (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) - [ ] [Жадные алгоритмы: Минимальное остовное дерево (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Сильно связные компоненты, Алгоритм Косарайю, Алгоритмы на графах (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Полный курс на Coursera: - [ ] [Алгоритмы на графах (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1289,8 +1288,9 @@ Google не возьмёт тебя на работу. - [ ] Серия 2-3 минутных короткие видео по темам (23 видео) - [Видео](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Серия коротких 2-5 минутных видео - Michael Sambol (38 видео): - - [Видео](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Серия коротких 2-5 минутных видео - Michael Sambol (48 видео): + - [Видео](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) --- @@ -1688,6 +1688,7 @@ Google не возьмёт тебя на работу. - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [ ] [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - [ ] **Splay trees** - In practice: @@ -1713,6 +1714,7 @@ Google не возьмёт тебя на работу. - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [ ] [Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - [ ] **2-3 search trees** - In practice: @@ -1748,6 +1750,7 @@ Google не возьмёт тебя на работу. - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Модели Иерархии Памяти (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - включает кэш-агностические B-Деревья, крайне интересные структуры данных - первые 37 минут очень технические, можно пропустить (B это размер блока, размер кэша) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Деревья - прекрасны для нахождения всех точек в прямоугольнике или более многомерном объекте diff --git a/translations/README-th.md b/translations/README-th.md index fe29cd2..9b6379f 100644 --- a/translations/README-th.md +++ b/translations/README-th.md @@ -31,27 +31,6 @@

Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University!

-

- Special thanks to: -

-
@@ -513,6 +492,7 @@ There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concen - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) If some of the lectures are too mathy, you can jump down to the bottom and @@ -557,6 +537,7 @@ There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concen - [ ] Description: - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation. - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: @@ -588,11 +569,13 @@ There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concen - ### Stack - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. - ### Queue - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) @@ -617,6 +600,7 @@ There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concen - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Online Courses: - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) @@ -639,6 +623,7 @@ There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concen - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Implement: - binary search (on sorted array of integers) - binary search using recursion @@ -692,6 +677,9 @@ There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concen - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Binary search trees: BSTs - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -739,6 +727,7 @@ There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concen - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Implement a max-heap: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert @@ -785,6 +774,14 @@ There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concen - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Implement: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case @@ -843,6 +840,8 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Full Coursera Course: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1283,8 +1282,9 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (38 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (48 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) --- @@ -1626,6 +1626,7 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [ ] [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - [ ] **Splay trees** - In practice: @@ -1651,6 +1652,7 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [ ] [Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - [ ] **2-3 search trees** - In practice: @@ -1690,6 +1692,7 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees diff --git a/translations/README-tr.md b/translations/README-tr.md index f691396..706b52b 100644 --- a/translations/README-tr.md +++ b/translations/README-tr.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Kodlama Mülakatı Üniversitesi -> Aslında bunu yazılım mühendisi olabilmek için kısa bir yapılacaklar listesi olarak hazırladım, +> Başlangıçta bunu yazılım mühendisi olabilmek için kısa bir yapılacaklar listesi olarak hazırladım, > ama bugün gördüğünüz büyük listeye dönüştü. Bu çalışma planını tamamladıktan sonra, [Amazon tarafından > Yazılım Geliştirme Mühendisi olarak işe alındım.](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! > Muhtemelen yaptığım kadar çok çalışmanıza gerek kalmayacaktır. Her neyse, ihtiyaç duyabileceğiniz her şey burada. @@ -54,27 +54,6 @@

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@@ -531,6 +510,7 @@ Kodları beyaz tahtaya ya da kağıda yazın, bilgisayara değil. Örnek girdile - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) ## Veri Yapıları @@ -572,6 +552,7 @@ Kodları beyaz tahtaya ya da kağıda yazın, bilgisayara değil. Örnek girdile - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - tüm video değil, Node yapısı ve bellek ayırma için olan bölümler. - [ ] Bağlı Listeler vs Diziler: @@ -603,11 +584,13 @@ Kodları beyaz tahtaya ya da kağıda yazın, bilgisayara değil. Örnek girdile - ### Yığın - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Uygulamayın. Diziyle gerçekleştirmek önemsiz. - ### Kuyruk - [ ] [Kuyruk (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Bağlı listeyle birlikte kuyruk işaretçisi kullanarak uygulayın: - enqueue(value) - kuyruktaki pozisyona değer ekler - dequeue() - değeri döndürür ve en son eklenen elemanı kaldırır (ön) @@ -633,6 +616,7 @@ Kodları beyaz tahtaya ya da kağıda yazın, bilgisayara değil. Örnek girdile - [ ] [PyCon 2017: The Dictionary Even Mightier (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU) - [ ] [(İleri Seviye) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(İleri Seviye) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Online Kurslar: - [ ] [Hash Fonksiyonlarını Anlama (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Understanding-hash-functions/149042/177126-4.html) @@ -659,6 +643,7 @@ Kodları beyaz tahtaya ya da kağıda yazın, bilgisayara değil. Örnek girdile - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Uygulama: - binary search (sıralanmış tam sayı dizisine) - binary search (rekürsif kullanarak) @@ -710,6 +695,10 @@ Kodları beyaz tahtaya ya da kağıda yazın, bilgisayara değil. Örnek girdile - inorder (DFS: sol, kendisi, sağ) - postorder (DFS: sol, sağ, kendisi) - preorder (DFS: kendisi, sol, sağ) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) + - ### İkili arama ağaçları: BSTs - [ ] [İkili Arama Ağacı İncelemesi (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -755,6 +744,7 @@ Kodları beyaz tahtaya ya da kağıda yazın, bilgisayara değil. Örnek girdile - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Max-heap uygulaması: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - eklemek için gerekli @@ -819,6 +809,14 @@ Kodları beyaz tahtaya ya da kağıda yazın, bilgisayara değil. Örnek girdile - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Uygulama: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) ortalama ve en kötü durum - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) ortalama durum @@ -882,6 +880,8 @@ Graflar, bilgisayar bilimlerinde birçok sorunu temsil etmek için kullanılabil - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Full Coursera Kursu: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1254,8 +1254,9 @@ Graflar, bilgisayar bilimlerinde birçok sorunu temsil etmek için kullanılabil - [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (38 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (48 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -1389,20 +1390,20 @@ Have a story, not just data, about something you accomplished. - [General Interview Questions and their Answers](https://ayedot.com/119/MiniBlog/General-Interview-Questions-and-their-Answers-for-Tech-Jobs) -## Have questions for the interviewer +## Mülakatı yapan kişiye muhakkak sorularınız olsun - Some of mine (I already may know answer to but want their opinion or team perspective): + Benim bazı sorularım (cevabını bilsem de onların görüşünü veya takımın bakış açısını isteyebilirim): -- How large is your team? -- What does your dev cycle look like? Do you do waterfall/sprints/agile? -- Are rushes to deadlines common? Or is there flexibility? -- How are decisions made in your team? -- How many meetings do you have per week? -- Do you feel your work environment helps you concentrate? -- What are you working on? -- What do you like about it? -- What is the work life like? -- How is work/life balance? +- Takımınız kaç kişi? +- Geliştirici döngüsü nasıl? Waterfall/sprints/agile olarak mı çalışıyorsunuz? +- Teslim tarihlerine yetişmeye çalışma yaygın mıdır? Yoksa esneklik mevcut mu? +- Takımınızda kararlar nasıl verilir? +- Haftada kaç toplantınız oluyor? +- İş ortamınız odaklanmanıza yardımcı oluyor mu? +- Neyin üzerinde çalışıyorsunuz? +- İşinizle ilgili neyi seviyorsunuz? +- İş hayatı nasıldır? +- İş yaşam dengesi nasıldır? ## Once You've Got The Job @@ -1677,6 +1678,7 @@ You're never really done. - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - **Splay trees** - In practice: @@ -1702,6 +1704,7 @@ You're never really done. - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - **2-3 search trees** - In practice: @@ -1742,6 +1745,7 @@ You're never really done. - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees diff --git a/translations/README-tw.md b/translations/README-tw.md index 0ff99f9..7022250 100644 --- a/translations/README-tw.md +++ b/translations/README-tw.md @@ -56,24 +56,6 @@

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- Special thanks to: -

-
@@ -500,6 +482,7 @@ - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) ## 資料結構 - ### 陣列 @@ -542,6 +525,7 @@ - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - 沒有完整的code,裡面只包含了用struct實作節點的方式以及其記憶體配置。 - [ ] Linked List vs 陣列: @@ -574,6 +558,7 @@ - ### Stack(堆疊) - [ ] [Stacks(影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) - [ ] [使用Stacks先進後出(Last-In First-Out)(影片)]() + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] 無須實作,可以用陣列實作,但這樣太過簡單了。 - ### Queue(佇列) @@ -581,6 +566,7 @@ - [ ] [Queue(影片)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) - [ ] [Priority Queues(影片)]() + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] 使用linked list實作,包含末端指標(tail pointer): - enqueue(value) - 在queue末端加入元素 - dequeue() - 刪除當時queue中最早進入的元素(意即queue中第一個元素),並且回傳該元素的值。 @@ -600,6 +586,7 @@ - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] 線上開放式課程: - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (影片)]() - [ ] [Using Hash Tables (影片)]() @@ -625,6 +612,7 @@ - [ ] [二分搜尋法(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [二分搜尋法(影片)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [細節](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] 實作: - 二分搜尋法 (對已經排列好的數列) - 用遞迴(recursion)的方法實作二分搜尋法 @@ -674,6 +662,9 @@ - 中序 (DFS: 左子樹、根、右子樹) - 後序 (DFS: 左子樹、右子樹、根) - 前序 (DFS: 根、左子樹、右子樹) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### 二元搜尋樹Binary search trees: BSTs - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -721,6 +712,7 @@ - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (影片)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] 實作max heap: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert @@ -786,6 +778,14 @@ - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] 實作: - [ ] 合併排序: 平均與最糟都是O(n log n) - [ ] 快速排序: 平均O(n log n) @@ -848,6 +848,8 @@ - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (影片)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - 完整Coursera課程: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1230,8 +1232,9 @@ - [ ] 2-3分鐘快速複習影片系列(23個影片) - [影片](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] 2-5分鐘快速複習影片系列-Michael Sambol (38個影片) - - [影片](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] 2-5分鐘快速複習影片系列-Michael Sambol (48個影片) + - [影片](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -1599,6 +1602,7 @@ Coding面試題目影片: - [AVL Trees (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [AVL Tree Implementation (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - **伸縮樹Splay tree** - 實際上: @@ -1619,6 +1623,7 @@ Coding面試題目影片: - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - **2-3搜尋樹** - 實際上: @@ -1655,6 +1660,7 @@ Coding面試題目影片: - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - 涵蓋了cache-oblivious B樹,非常有趣的資料結構 - 前37分鐘非常技術性,可以跳過(B代表block大小、cache line大小) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D樹 diff --git a/translations/README-uk.md b/translations/README-uk.md index 3188f72..d7fc004 100644 --- a/translations/README-uk.md +++ b/translations/README-uk.md @@ -57,27 +57,6 @@ Microsoft.

Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University!

-

- Special thanks to: -

-
@@ -560,6 +539,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) If some of the lectures are too mathy, you can jump down to the bottom and @@ -604,6 +584,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] Description: - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation. - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: @@ -635,11 +616,13 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - ### Stack - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. - ### Queue - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) @@ -664,6 +647,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Online Courses: - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) @@ -686,6 +670,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Implement: - binary search (on sorted array of integers) - binary search using recursion @@ -739,6 +724,9 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Binary search trees: BSTs - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -786,6 +774,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Implement a max-heap: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert @@ -832,6 +821,14 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Implement: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case @@ -891,6 +888,8 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Full Coursera Course: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1333,8 +1332,9 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (38 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (48 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) --- @@ -1676,6 +1676,7 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [ ] [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - [ ] **Splay trees** - In practice: @@ -1701,6 +1702,7 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [ ] [Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - [ ] **2-3 search trees** - In practice: @@ -1740,6 +1742,7 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees diff --git a/translations/README-ur.md b/translations/README-ur.md index 64a1231..8ed5285 100644 --- a/translations/README-ur.md +++ b/translations/README-ur.md @@ -1,26 +1,33 @@ -# Coding Interview University +# کوڈنگ انٹرویو یونیورسٹی -> سافٹ ویئر انجینئر بننے کے لئے میں نے اصل میں اس کو اسٹڈی لسٹ کے طور پر اسٹڈی ٹاپکس کی فہرست کے طور پر تخلیق کیا ہے, -> لیکن یہ اس بڑی تعداد میں بڑھ گئی جو آپ آج دیکھ رہے ہیں۔ اس مطالعاتی منصوبے سے گزرنے کے بعد ، [مجھے نوکری مل گئی -> ایمیزون میں سافٹ ویئر ڈویلپمنٹ انجینئر کی حیثیت سے](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! -> آپ کو شاید اتنا مطالعہ نہیں کرنا پڑے گا جتنا میں نے کیا تھا۔ بہر حال ، آپ کی ہر چیز کی ضرورت یہاں ہے۔ +>میں نے اصل میں اسے سافٹ ویئر انجینئر بننے کے لیے مطالعے کے عنوانات کی ایک مختصر فہرست کے طور پر بنایا تھا، لیکن یہ اس بڑی فہرست تک پہنچ گئی جو آپ آج دیکھ رہے ہیں۔ اس مطالعاتی منصوبے سے گزرنے کے بعد ، [مجھے ایمیزون میں سافٹ ویئر ڈویلپمنٹ انجینئر کے طور پر ملازمت پر رکھا گیا ہے!](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! +> آپ کو شاید اتنا مطالعہ نہیں کرنا پڑے گا جتنا میں نے کیا تھا۔ بہرحال، آپ کی ضرورت کی ہر چیز یہاں ہے۔ > > میں نے کئی مہینوں تک ، دن میں تقریبا 8 سے 12 گھنٹے مطالعہ کیا۔ یہ میری کہانی ہے: [گوگل انٹرویو کے لئے میں نے 8 ماہ تک فل ٹائم کیوں پڑھا](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) > -> یہاں درج آئٹمز کسی بھی سافٹ ویئر کمپنی کے بارے میں تکنیکی انٹرویو کے ل آپ کو اچھی طرح تیار کریں گے ، -> سمیت: Amazon, Facebook, Google, and Microsoft. +>*براہ کرم نوٹ کریں:* آپ کو اتنا مطالعہ کرنے کی ضرورت نہیں ہوگی جتنا میں نے کیا تھا۔ میں نے ان چیزوں پر بہت وقت ضائع کیا جن کے بارے میں مجھے جاننے کی ضرورت نہیں تھی۔ ذیل میں اس کے بارے میں مزید معلومات۔ میں آپ کا قیمتی وقت ضائع کیے بغیر وہاں پہنچنے میں آپ کی مدد کروں گا۔ > -> *آپ کو نیک خواہشات!* +> یہاں درج عنوانات آپ کو کسی بھی سافٹ ویئر کمپنی بشمول ایمیزون، فیس بک، گوگل، اور مائیکروسافٹ میں تکنیکی انٹرویو کے لیے اچھی طرح تیار کریں گے۔ +> +> *آپ کے لیے نیک تمنائیں!*
ترجمہ: - + - [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) - [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md) - [Español](translations/README-es.md) - [Português Brasileiro](translations/README-ptbr.md) - [Polish](translations/README-pl.md) -- [Urdu](translations/README-ur.md) +- [繁體中文](translations/README-tw.md) +- [Japanese (日本語)](translations/README-ja.md) +- [Russian](translations/README-ru.md) +- [German](translations/README-de.md) +- [Bahasa Indonesia](translations/README-id.md) +- [ខ្មែរ - Khmer](translations/README-kh.md) +- [Uzbek](translations/README-uz.md) +- [Bulgarian](translations/README-bg.md) +- [বাংলা - Bangla](translations/README-bn.md)
@@ -28,507 +35,544 @@ - [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) - [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) -- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) - [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) - [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) - [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) -- [Russian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) -- [Ukrainian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [Українська](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) - [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) - [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) -- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) - [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) - [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) - [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) -- [Japanese (日本語)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/257) +- [Persian - Farsi](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/186) +- [Afrikaans](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/1164) +
-## What is it? +## یہ کیا ہے؟ -This is my multi-month study plan for going from web developer (self-taught, no CS degree) to software engineer for a large company. +یہ ایک بڑی کمپنی کے لیے ایک ویب ڈویلپر (خود سیکھا ہوا، بغیر CS ڈگری کے) سے سافٹ ویئر انجینئر تک جانے کے لیے کئی مہینوں کا میرا اسٹڈی پلان ہے۔ ![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) -This is meant for **new software engineers** or those switching from -software/web development to software engineering (where computer science knowledge is required). If you have -many years of experience and are claiming many years of software engineering experience, expect a harder interview. +**شرط:** +* کوڈنگ کے ساتھ تھوڑا سا تجربہ (متغیرات، لوپس، فنکشنز وغیرہ) +* صبر +* وقت -If you have many years of software/web development experience, note that large software companies like Google, Amazon, -Facebook and Microsoft view software engineering as different from software/web development, and they require computer science knowledge. +نوٹ کریں کہ یہ **سافٹ ویئر انجینئرنگ** کے لیے مطالعہ کا منصوبہ ہے، ویب ڈویلپمنٹ کے لیے نہیں۔ بڑی سافٹ ویئر کمپنیاں جیسے گوگل، ایمیزون، +فیس بک اور مائیکروسافٹ سافٹ ویئر انجینئرنگ کو ویب ڈویلپمنٹ سے مختلف سمجھتے ہیں۔ مثال کے طور پر، ایمیزون کے پاس فرنٹ اینڈ انجینئرز (FEE) اور سافٹ ویئر ڈویلپمنٹ انجینئرز (SDE)ہیں۔ یہ 2 الگ الگ کردارہیں اوران کےلیے الگ الگ انٹرویوز ہیں۔ کیونکہ ہر ایک کی اپنی ضروریات ہیں۔ ان کمپنیوں کو سافٹ ویئر ڈویلپمنٹ / انجینئرنگ کےلے کمپیوٹر سائنس کا علم درکار ہوتا ہے۔ -If you want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, study more from the optional list (networking, security). +یونیورسٹی کے کمپیوٹر سائنس پروگرام میں سیکھنے کے لیے بہت کچھ ہے، لیکن انٹرویو کے لیے صرف 75% جاننا ہی کافی ہے، اس لیے میں یہاں صرف اتنا ہی احاطہ کرتا ہوں۔ +مکمل خود سیکھے جانے والے سی-ایس پروگرام کے لیے، میرے اسٹڈی پلان کے وسائل کامران احمد کے کمپیوٹر سائنس روڈ میپ میں شامل کیے گئے ہیں: https://roadmap.sh/computer-science --- -## Table of Contents +## مواد کی فہرست -- [What is it?](#what-is-it) -- [Why use it?](#why-use-it) -- [How to use it](#how-to-use-it) -- [Don't feel you aren't smart enough](#dont-feel-you-arent-smart-enough) -- [About Video Resources](#about-video-resources) -- [Interview Process & General Interview Prep](#interview-process--general-interview-prep) -- [Pick One Language for the Interview](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview) -- [Book List](#book-list) -- [Before you Get Started](#before-you-get-started) -- [What you Won't See Covered](#what-you-wont-see-covered) -- [Prerequisite Knowledge](#prerequisite-knowledge) -- [The Daily Plan](#the-daily-plan) -- [Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis](#algorithmic-complexity--big-o--asymptotic-analysis) -- [Data Structures](#data-structures) - - [Arrays](#arrays) - - [Linked Lists](#linked-lists) - - [Stack](#stack) - - [Queue](#queue) - - [Hash table](#hash-table) -- [More Knowledge](#more-knowledge) - - [Binary search](#binary-search) - - [Bitwise operations](#bitwise-operations) -- [Trees](#trees) - - [Trees - Notes & Background](#trees---notes--background) - - [Binary search trees: BSTs](#binary-search-trees-bsts) - - [Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) - - balanced search trees (general concept, not details) - - traversals: preorder, inorder, postorder, BFS, DFS -- [Sorting](#sorting) - - selection - - insertion - - heapsort - - quicksort - - merge sort -- [Graphs](#graphs) - - directed - - undirected - - adjacency matrix - - adjacency list - - traversals: BFS, DFS -- [Even More Knowledge](#even-more-knowledge) - - [Recursion](#recursion) - - [Dynamic Programming](#dynamic-programming) - - [Object-Oriented Programming](#object-oriented-programming) - - [Design Patterns](#design-patterns) - - [Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) - - [NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) - - [Caches](#caches) - - [Processes and Threads](#processes-and-threads) - - [Testing](#testing) - - [Scheduling](#scheduling) - - [String searching & manipulations](#string-searching--manipulations) - - [Tries](#tries) - - [Floating Point Numbers](#floating-point-numbers) - - [Unicode](#unicode) - - [Endianness](#endianness) - - [Networking](#networking) -- [System Design, Scalability, Data Handling](#system-design-scalability-data-handling) (if you have 4+ years experience) -- [Final Review](#final-review) -- [Coding Question Practice](#coding-question-practice) -- [Coding exercises/challenges](#coding-exerciseschallenges) -- [Once you're closer to the interview](#once-youre-closer-to-the-interview) -- [Your Resume](#your-resume) -- [Be thinking of for when the interview comes](#be-thinking-of-for-when-the-interview-comes) -- [Have questions for the interviewer](#have-questions-for-the-interviewer) -- [Once You've Got The Job](#once-youve-got-the-job) +### مطالعہ کا منصوبہ ----------------- Everything below this point is optional ---------------- +- [یہ کیا ہے؟](#یہ-کیا-ہے) +- [اسے کیوں استعمال کریں؟](#اسے-کیوں-استعمال-کریں) +- [اسے کیسے استعمال کریں](#اسے-کیسے-استعمال-کریں) +- [اپنے آپ کو کم نہ سمجھیں](#اپنے-آپ-کو-کم-مت-سمجھو) +- [ویڈیو مواد کے بارے میں](#ویڈیو-وسائل-کے-بارے-میں-ایک-نوٹ) +- [انٹرویو کے لیے ایک پروگرامنگ زبان کا انتخاب کریں۔](#ایک-پروگرامنگ-زبان-کا-انتخاب) +- [ڈیٹا سٹرکچرز اور الگورتھم کے لیے کتابیں](#ڈیٹا-سٹرکچرز-اور-الگورتھم-کے-لیے-کتابیں) +- [انٹرویو کی تیاری کی کتابیں](#انٹرویو-کی-تیاری-کی-کتابیں) +- [میری غلطیاں مت کرنا](#میری-غلطیاں-مت-کرنا) +- [جو آپ نہیں سیکھیں گے۔](#جو-آپ-نہیں-سیکھیں-گے) +- [روزانہ کی منصوبہ بندی](#روزانہ-کا-منصوبہ) +- [کوڈنگ سوال کی مشق](#کوڈنگ-سوال-کی-مشق) +- [کوڈنگ چیلنجز](#کوڈنگ-کے-سوالاتمسائل) -## Additional Resources +### مطالعہ کے موضوعات -- [Additional Books](#additional-books) -- [Additional Learning](#additional-learning) - - [Compilers](#compilers) - - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) - - [Unix command line tools](#unix-command-line-tools) - - [Information theory](#information-theory-videos) - - [Parity & Hamming Code](#parity--hamming-code-videos) - - [Entropy](#entropy) - - [Cryptography](#cryptography) - - [Compression](#compression) - - [Computer Security](#computer-security) - - [Garbage collection](#garbage-collection) - - [Parallel Programming](#parallel-programming) - - [Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems) - - [A*](#a) - - [Fast Fourier Transform](#fast-fourier-transform) - - [Bloom Filter](#bloom-filter) - - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) - - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) - - [van Emde Boas Trees](#van-emde-boas-trees) - - [Augmented Data Structures](#augmented-data-structures) - - [Balanced search trees](#balanced-search-trees) - - AVL trees - - Splay trees - - Red/black trees - - 2-3 search trees - - 2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees) - - N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees - - B-Trees - - [k-D Trees](#k-d-trees) - - [Skip lists](#skip-lists) - - [Network Flows](#network-flows) - - [Disjoint Sets & Union Find](#disjoint-sets--union-find) - - [Math for Fast Processing](#math-for-fast-processing) - - [Treap](#treap) - - [Linear Programming](#linear-programming-videos) - - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull-videos) - - [Discrete math](#discrete-math) - - [Machine Learning](#machine-learning) -- [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) -- [Video Series](#video-series) -- [Computer Science Courses](#computer-science-courses) -- [Papers](#papers) +- [الگورتھمک پیچیدگی / بگ-او / اسیمپٹوٹک تجزیہ(Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis)](#الگورتھمک-پیچیدگی--بگ-او--اسیمپٹوٹک-تجزیہ) +- [ڈیٹا سٹرکچرز(Data Structures)](#ڈیٹا-سٹرکچرز) + - [آرے (Arrays)](#arrays) + - [لنکڈلسٹ (Linked Lists)](#linked-lists) + - [سٹیک (Stack)](#stack) + - [کیو (Queue)](#queue) + - [ہیش ٹیبل (Hash table)](#hash-table) +- [مزید معلومات](#مزید-معلومات) + - [بینری سرچ (Binary search)](#binary-search) + - [بٹ وائزاپریشنز (Bitwise operations)](#bitwise-operations) +- [ٹریز (Trees)](#trees) + - [ٹریز - تعارف](#trees---intro) + - [بینری سرچ ٹریز (Binary search trees: BSTs)](#binary-search-trees-bsts) + - [ہیپ / پریاٹری کیو / بینری ہیپ (Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap)](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) + - بیلنسڈ سرچ ٹریز - عمومی جائزہ (balanced search trees - general concept, not details) + - ٹریورسل (traversals: preorder, inorder, postorder, BFS, DFS) +- [ترتیب / سارٹنگ (Sorting)](#sorting) + - سلیکشن (selection) + - انسرشن (insertion) + - ہیپ سارٹ (heapsort) + - کوک سارٹ (quicksort) + - مرج سارٹ (merge sort) +- [گرافس (Graphs)](#graphs) + - ڈریکٹڈ (directed) + - انڈریکٹڈ (undirected) + - اڈجیسنسی میٹرکس (adjacency matrix) + - اڈجیسنسی لسٹ (adjacency list) + - ٹریورسل (traversals: BFS, DFS) +- [اس سے بھی زیادہ معلومات](#اس-سے-بھی-زیادہ-معلومات) + - [رکرین / تکرار (Recursion)](#recursion) + - [ڈینیمک پروگرامنگ](#dynamic-programming) + - [ڈیزائن پیٹرن](#design-patterns) + - [امتزاج (n منتخب k) اور امکان](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) + - [تخمینہ الگورتھم ،NPاورNP-مکمل (NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms)](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) + - [How computers process a program](#how-computers-process-a-program) + - [کیچز](#caches) + - [پروسسزاور تھریڈز](#processes-and-threads) + - [ٹیسٹنگ](#testing) + - [سٹرنگ تلاش کرنا اور تبدیل کرنا](#string-searching--manipulations) + - [ٹرایز (Tries)](#tries) + - [اعشاریہ کے ساتھ نمبر](#floating-point-numbers) + - [یونیکوڈ](#unicode) + - [اینڈیاننس](#endianness) + - [نیٹ ورکنگ](#networking) +- [حتمی جائزہ](#حتمی-جائزہ) + +### ملازمت حاصل کرنا + +- [اپنا ریزومےاپ ڈیٹ کریں](#اپنے-ریزیومے-کو-اپ-ڈیٹ-کریں) +- [نوکری تلاش کریں](#find-a-job) +- [انٹرویو کا عمل اور عام انٹرویو کی تیاری](#انٹرویو-کا-عمل-اور-عام-انٹرویو-کی-تیاری) +- [اپنے انٹرویو لینے والے کی طرح سوچیں۔](#اپنے-انٹرویو-لینے-والے-کی-طرح-سوچیں) +- [انٹرویو لینے والے کے لیے سوالات](#انٹرویو-لینے-والے-کے-لیے-سوالات) +- [ایک بار جب آپ کو نوکری مل جائے گی۔](#ایک-بار-جب-آپ-کو-نوکری-مل-جائے-گی) + +---------------- ذیل کی چیزیں اختیاری ہیں ---------------- + +## اختیاری اضافی عنوانات اور مواد + +- [اضافی کتابیں](#additional-books) +- [سسٹم ڈیزائن، اسکیل ایبلٹی، ڈیٹا ہینڈلنگ](#system-design-scalability-data-handling) (اگر آپ کو 4 سال سے زیادہ کا تجربہ ہے۔) +- [اضافی معلومات](#additional-learning) + - [کمپائلر](#compilers) + - [ایماکس اور vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) + - [یونکس کمانڈ لائن ٹولز](#unix-command-line-tools) + - [انفارمیشن تھیوری](#information-theory-videos) + - [پیرٹی اور ہیمنگ کوڈ](#parity--hamming-code-videos) + - [اینٹروپی](#entropy) + - [خفیہ نگاری (Cryptography)](#cryptography) + - [کمپریشن](#compression) + - [کمپیوٹر سیکیورٹی](#computer-security) + - [گاربیج کلیکشن](#garbage-collection) + - [پیرالل پروگرامنگ](#parallel-programming) + - [پیغام رسانی، سیریلائزیشن، اور قطار لگانے کے نظام (Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems)](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems) + - [اے سٹار (A*)](#a) + - [فاسٹ فوئیر ٹرانسفارم](#fast-fourier-transform) + - [بلوم فلٹر](#bloom-filter) + - [ہائپر لاگ لاگ](#hyperloglog) + - [لوکلٹی سنسٹیو ہیشنگ](#locality-sensitive-hashing) + - [وین ایمڈ بوس ٹریز](#van-emde-boas-trees) + - [اگیومینٹڈ ڈیٹا سٹرکچر](#augmented-data-structures) + - [بیلنسڈ سرچ ٹریز](#balanced-search-trees) + - اے وی ایل ٹریز + - سپلے ٹریز + - رڈ/بلیک ٹریز + - ۳-۲ سرچ ٹریز + - ۴-۳-۲ سرچ ٹریز(۲-۴ ٹریز) + - این-ارے(کے-ارے،ایم-ارے) ٹریز (N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees) + - بی - ٹریز + - [کے-ڈی ٹریز](#k-d-trees) + - [سکپ لسٹ](#skip-lists) + - [نیٹ ورک فلو](#network-flows) + - [منقطع سیٹ اور یونین تلاش کریں](#disjoint-sets--union-find) + - [فاسٹ پروسیسنگ کے لیے حساب](#math-for-fast-processing) + - [ٹریپ](#treap) + - [لینیرپروگرامنگ](#linear-programming-videos) + - [جیومیٹری، کنویکس ہل](#geometry-convex-hull-videos) + - [مجرد ریاضی](#discrete-math) +- [کچھ مضامین پر اضافی تفصیل](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) +- [ویڈیو سیریز](#video-series) +- [کمپیوٹر سائنس کورسز](#computer-science-courses) +- [پیپرز](#papers) --- -## Why use it? +## اسے کیوں استعمال کریں؟ -When I started this project, I didn't know a stack from a heap, didn't know Big-O anything, anything about trees, or how to -traverse a graph. If I had to code a sorting algorithm, I can tell ya it wouldn't have been very good. -Every data structure I've ever used was built into the language, and I didn't know how they worked -under the hood at all. I've never had to manage memory unless a process I was running would give an "out of -memory" error, and then I'd have to find a workaround. I've used a few multidimensional arrays in my life and -thousands of associative arrays, but I've never created data structures from scratch. +اگر آپ کسی بڑی کمپنی میں سافٹ ویئر انجینئر کے طور پر کام کرنا چاہتے ہیں تو یہ وہ چیزیں ہیں جو آپ کو جاننا ہوں گی۔ -It's a long plan. It may take you months. If you are familiar with a lot of this already it will take you a lot less time. +اگر آپ میری طرح کمپیوٹر سائنس میں ڈگری حاصل کرنے سے محروم رہ گئے تو اس سے آپ کی زندگی کے چار سال بچ جائیں گے۔ -## How to use it +جب میں نے یہ پروجیکٹ شروع کیا تھا، مجھےہیپ ، بگ-O یا ٹریز جیسا کچھ معلوم نہیں تھا،نہ ہی یہ معلوم تھا کہ گراف کے ساتھ کام کیسے کرتےہیں. اگر مجھے سورٹنگ الگورتھم کو کوڈ کرنا ہوتا تو میں آپ کو بتا سکتا ہوں کہ یہ میے لیے بہت مشکل کام تھا۔ +ہر ڈیٹا سٹرکچر جو میں نے کبھی استعمال کیا تھا مجھے نہیں معلوم تھا کہ وہ کیسے کام کرتاہے۔ مجھے کبھی بھی میموری کو سنبھالنے کی ضرورت نہیں تھی جب تک کہ میں جس پروسس کو چلا رہا ہوں اسے "میموری آؤٹ" کا ایرر نہیں ملتا تھا۔ میں نے اپنی زندگی میں چند کثیر جہتی اریزاورہزاروں ایسوسی ایٹیو ارےکا استعمال کیا، لیکن میں نے کبھی بھی شروع سے ڈیٹا سٹرکچرز نہیں بنائے۔ -Everything below is an outline, and you should tackle the items in order from top to bottom. +یہ ایک طویل منصوبہ ہے۔ اس میں آپ کو مہینے لگ سکتے ہیں۔ اگر آپ پہلے ہی اس میں سے بہت کچھ سے واقف ہیں تو اس میں آپ کو بہت کم وقت لگے گا۔ -I'm using Github's special markdown flavor, including tasks lists to check progress. +## اسے کیسے استعمال کریں -**Create a new branch so you can check items like this, just put an x in the brackets: [x]** +نیچے دی گئی ہر چیز ایک خاکہ ہے، اور آپ کو اشیاء کو اوپر سے نیچے تک ترتیب سے نمٹنا چاہیے۔ +میں GitHub کا خصوصی مارک ڈاؤن ورژن استعمال کر رہا ہوں، جس میں پیش رفت کو ٹریک کرنے کے لیے ٹاسک کی فہرست شامل ہے۔ + - [GitHub-flavored markdown کے بارے میں مزید](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) - Fork a branch and follow the commands below +### اگر آپ گٹ استعمال نہیں کرنا چاہتے -`git checkout -b progress` +اس صفحہ پر، اوپر کے قریب کوڈ(Code) بٹن پر کلک کریں، پھر "زپ ڈاؤن لوڈ کریں(Download Zip)" پر کلک کریں۔ فائل کو ان زپ کریں اور آپ ٹیکسٹ فائلوں کے ساتھ کام کر سکتے ہیں۔ -`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` +اگر آپ ایک کوڈ ایڈیٹر میں کھول رہے ہیں جو مارک ڈاؤن کو سمجھتا ہے، تو آپ کو ہر چیز اچھی طرح سے فارمیٹ کی ہوئی نظر آئے گی۔ -`git fetch --all` +![ریپو کو زپ فائل کے طور پر کیسے ڈاؤن لوڈ کریں۔](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/how-to-download-as-zip.png) - Mark all boxes with X after you completed your changes +### اگر آپ گٹ کے ساتھ کام کر سکتے ہیں -`git add .` +ایک نئی برانچ بنائیں تاکہ آپ اس طرح کے آئٹمز کو چیک کر سکیں، صرف بریکٹ میں ایک x لگائیں: [x] -`git commit -m "Marked x"` + ۱. ***گٹ ہب (GitHub) ریپو*** `https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` کوفورک بٹن پر کلک کرکے فورک کریں۔ -`git rebase jwasham/master` + ![GitHub ریپو کو فورک کریں:](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/fork-button.png) -`git push --force` +۲. اپنی لوکل ریپو پر کلون کریں: -[More about Github-flavored markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) + ``` + git clone git@github.com:/coding-interview-university.git + cd coding-interview-university + git checkout -b progress + git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university + git fetch --all + ``` +۳. اپنی تبدیلیاں مکمل کرنے کے بعد تمام خانوں کو X کے ساتھ نشان زد کریں: -## Don't feel you aren't smart enough + ``` + git add . + git commit -m "Marked x" + git rebase jwasham/main + git push --set-upstream origin progress + git push --force + ``` -- Successful software engineers are smart, but many have an insecurity that they aren't smart enough. -- [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) -- [It's Dangerous to Go Alone: Battling the Invisible Monsters in Tech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) +## اپنے آپ کو کم مت سمجھو -## About Video Resources +- کامیاب سافٹ ویئر انجینئرز ہوشیار ہوتے ہیں، لیکن بہت سے لوگوں کو یہ عدم تحفظ ہوتا ہے کہ وہ اتنے ہوشیار نہیں ہیں۔ +- مندرجہ ذیل ویڈیوز آپ کو اس عدم تحفظ پر قابو پانے میں مدد کر سکتی ہیں: + - [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) + - [It's Dangerous to Go Alone: Battling the Invisible Monsters in Tech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) -Some videos are available only by enrolling in a Coursera or EdX class. These are called MOOCs. -Sometimes the classes are not in session so you have to wait a couple of months, so you have no access. +## ویڈیو وسائل کے بارے میں ایک نوٹ - I'd appreciate your help to add free and always-available public sources, such as YouTube videos to accompany the online course videos. - I like using university lectures. +کچھ ویڈیوز صرف Coursera یا EdX کلاس میں داخلہ لے کر دستیاب ہیں۔ یہ MOOCs کہلاتے ہیں۔ +بعض اوقات کلاسز سیشن میں نہیں ہوتیں اس لیے آپ کو چند ماہ انتظار کرنا پڑتا ہے، اس لیے آپ کو رسائی نہیں ہوتی۔ +آن لائن کورس کے وسائل کو مفت اور ہمیشہ دستیاب عوامی ذرائع سے تبدیل کرنا بہت اچھا ہوگا، جیسے یوٹیوب ویڈیوز (ترجیحی طور پر یونیورسٹی کے لیکچرز)، تاکہ آپ لوگ کسی بھی وقت ان کا مطالعہ کر سکیں، بجاے کہ صرف اس وقت کے جب ایک مخصوص آن لائن کورس سیشن میں ہو۔ -## Interview Process & General Interview Prep +## ایک پروگرامنگ زبان کا انتخاب -- [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) -- [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) -- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) -- [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4: - - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) -- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: - - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) - - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) -- [ ] Cracking the Facebook Coding Interview - - [ ] [The Approach](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) - - [ ] [Problem Walkthrough](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) -- [ ] Prep Course: - - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): - - Learn how to make yourself ready for software engineer interviews from a former Google interviewer. - - [ ] [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): - - A Python centric interview prep course which covers data structures, algorithms, mock interviews and much more. - - [ ] [Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms using Python (Udacity free course)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): - - A free Python centric data structures and algorithms course. - - [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms Nanodegree! (Udacity paid Nanodegree)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): - - Get hands-on practice with over 100 data structures and algorithm exercises and guidance from a dedicated mentor to help prepare you for interviews and on-the-job scenarios. +آپ جو کوڈنگ انٹرویوز کرتے ہیں اس کے لیے آپ کو پروگرامنگ لینگویج کا انتخاب کرنا ہوگا، +لیکن آپ کو ایک ایسی زبان بھی تلاش کرنے کی ضرورت ہوگی جسے آپ کمپیوٹر سائنس کے تصورات کا مطالعہ کرنے کے لیے استعمال کر سکیں۔ -## Pick One Language for the Interview +ترجیحی طور پر زبان ایک ہی ہونی چاہیے، تانکہ آپ کو صرف ایک میں مہارت حاصل کرنے کی ضرورت ہو۔ -You can use a language you are comfortable in to do the coding part of the interview, but for large companies, these are solid choices: +### اس اسٹڈی پلان کے لیے -- C++ -- Java -- Python +جب میں نے مطالعہ کا منصوبہ بنایا تو میں نے اس کے لیے 2 زبانیں استعمال کیں: C اور Python -You could also use these, but read around first. There may be caveats: +* سی (C): نچلی سطح کی زبان۔ آپ کو پوائنٹرز اور میموری ایلوکیشن/ڈی ایلوکیشن سے نمٹنے کی اجازت دیتا ہے، تاکہ آپ اپنی خون میں ڈیٹا سٹرکچر اور الگورتھم کو محسوس کریں۔ پائتھون یا جاوا جیسی اعلیٰ سطح کی زبانوں میں، یہ آپ سے پوشیدہ ہیں۔ روزمرہ کے کام میں، یہ بہت اچھا ہے، لیکن جب آپ یہ سیکھ رہے ہیں کہ یہ نچلے درجے کے ڈیٹا سٹرکچر کیسے بنائے جاتے ہیں، تو جڑ کے قریب محسوس کرنا بہت اچھا ہے۔ + - سی ہر جگہ ہے۔ جب آپ مطالعہ کر رہے ہوں گے تو آپ کو کتابوں، لیکچرز، ویڈیوز، *ہر جگہ* میں مثالیں نظر آئیں گی۔ + - [سی پروگرامنگ لینگویج، دوسرا ایڈیشن (The C Programming Language, 2nd Edition)](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - یہ ایک مختصر کتاب ہے، لیکن یہ آپ کو C زبان پر بہت اچھا کنٹرول دے گی اور اگر آپ اس پر تھوڑی سی مشق کریں گے تو آپ جلد مہارت حاصل کر لیں گے۔ C کو سمجھنا آپ کو یہ سمجھنے میں مدد کرتا ہے کہ پروگرام اور میموری کیسے کام کرتے ہیں۔ + - آپ کو کتاب کی بہت گہرائی میں جانے کی ضرورت نہیں ہے (نہ ہی اسے ختم کرنے کی)۔ بس اتنی مہارت حاصل کر لیں کے آپ کو C میں پڑھنے اور لکھنے میں آسانی ہو۔ + - [کتاب میں موجود سوالات کے جوابات](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) +* پائتھون(Python): جدید اور اظہار کرنے میں بہت آسان، میں نے یہ سیکھی کیونکہ یہ بہت مفید ہے اور مجھے انٹرویو میں کم کوڈ لکھنے میں مدد دیتی ہے۔ -- JavaScript -- Ruby +یہ میری ترجیح ہے۔ تم وہی کرو جو تمہیں پسند ہو۔ -Here is an article I wrote about choosing a language for the interview: [Pick One Language for the Coding Interview](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/) +ہو سکتا ہے آپ کو اس کی ضرورت نہ ہو، لیکن نئی زبان سیکھنے کے لیے یہاں کچھ سائٹیں ہیں: +- [Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks) +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/for-developers/) +- [Scaler Topics (Java, C++)](https://www.scaler.com/topics/) -You need to be very comfortable in the language and be knowledgeable. +### آپ کے کوڈنگ انٹرویو کے لیے -Read more about choices: -- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ -- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ +آپ انٹرویو کا کوڈنگ حصہ کرنے کے لیے ایسی زبان استعمال کر سکتے ہیں جس میں آپ کو آسانی ہو، لیکن بڑی کمپنیوں کے لیے یہ بہترین انتخاب ہیں: -[See language resources here](programming-language-resources.md) +- سی++ (C++) +- جاوا (Java) +- پائتھون (Python) -You'll see some C, C++, and Python learning included below, because I'm learning. There are a few books involved, see the bottom. +آپ مندرجہ ذیل کو بھی استعمال کرسکتے ہیں لیکن پہلے پڑھ سکتے ہیں۔ انتباہات ہو سکتے ہیں: -## Book List +- جاوا اسکرپٹ (JavaScript) +- روبی (Ruby) -This is a shorter list than what I used. This is abbreviated to save you time. +یہاں ایک مضمون ہے جو میں نے انٹرویو کے لیے زبان کے انتخاب کے بارے میں لکھا تھا: +[کوڈنگ انٹرویو کے لیے ایک زبان چنیں](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/). +یہ اصل مضمون ہے جس پر میری پوسٹ مبنی تھی: [انٹرویوز کے لیے پروگرامنگ لینگویج کا انتخاب](https://web.archive.org/web/20210516054124/http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/) -### Interview Prep +آپ کو زبان میں بہت مہارت اور علم رکھنے کی ضرورت ہے۔ -- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) - - answers in C++ and Java - - this is a good warm-up for Cracking the Coding Interview - - not too difficult, most problems may be easier than what you'll see in an interview (from what I've read) -- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - answers in Java +انتخاب کے بارے میں مزید پڑھیں: +- [اپنے کوڈنگ انٹرویو کے لیے صحیح زبان کا انتخاب کریں](http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/) -### If you have tons of extra time: +[زبان سے متعلق وسائل یہاں دیکھیں](programming-language-resources.md) -Choose one: +## ڈیٹا سٹرکچرز اور الگورتھم کے لیے کتابیں -- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) -- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) -- [ ] Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version) - - [book](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) - - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) +یہ کتاب کمپیوٹر سائنس کے لیے آپ کی بنیاد بنائے گی۔ -### Language Specific +صرف ایک کا انتخاب کریں، ایسی زبان میں جس میں آپ کو مہارت حاصل ہو۔ آپ کو بہت زیادہ پڑھنا اور کوڈنگ کرنا ہوگی۔ -**You need to choose a language for the interview (see above).** +### سی (C) -Here are my recommendations by language. I don't have resources for all languages. I welcome additions. +- [سی میں الگورتھم، حصے 1-5 (بنڈل)، تیسرا ایڈیشن](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-5-Bundle-Fundamentals/dp/0201756080) + - بنیادی باتیں، ڈیٹا سٹرکچر، سارٹنگ، تلاش کرنا، اور گراف الگورتھم -If you read through one of these, you should have all the data structures and algorithms knowledge you'll need to start doing coding problems. -**You can skip all the video lectures in this project**, unless you'd like a review. +### پا ئیتھون (Python) -[Additional language-specific resources here.](programming-language-resources.md) +- [پا ئیتھون میں ڈیٹا کے سٹرکچر اور الگورتھم](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - مصنف Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - مجھے یہ کتاب پسند ہے۔ اس نے ہر چیز کا احاطہ کیا ہے۔ + - پائتھون کے کوڈ + - میری چمکتی ہوئی کتاب کی رپورٹ: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ -### C++ +### جاوا (Java) -I haven't read these two, but they are highly rated and written by Sedgewick. He's awesome. +تمھارا انتخاب: -- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) -- [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) - -If you have a better recommendation for C++, please let me know. Looking for a comprehensive resource. - -### Java - -- [ ] [Algorithms (Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) - - videos with book content (and Sedgewick!) on coursera: +- Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) +- Sedgewick and Wayne: + - [Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - مفت کورسیرا کورس جو کتاب کا احاطہ کرتا ہے (مصنفین کے ذریعہ پڑھایا گیا): - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) -OR: +### سی++ (++C) -- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) - - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - used as optional text for CS intro course at UC Berkeley - - see my book report on the Python version below. This book covers the same topics. +تمھارا انتخاب:: -### Python +- Goodrich, Tamassia, and Mount + - [Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, 2nd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/0470383275) +- Sedgewick and Wayne + - [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) + - [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) -- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) - - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - I loved this book. It covered everything and more. - - Pythonic code - - my glowing book report: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ +## انٹرویو کی تیاری کی کتابیں +آپ کو ان میں سے بہت زیادہ خریدنے کی ضرورت نہیں ہے۔ ایمانداری سے "کریکنگ دی کوڈنگ انٹرویو(Cracking the Coding Interview)" شاید کافی ہے، +لیکن میں نے خود کو مزید مشق دینے کے لیے بہت کچھ خریدا۔ لیکن میں ہمیشہ بہت زیادہ کرتا ہوں۔ -## Before you Get Started +میں نے یہ دونوں خریدے ہیں۔ انہوں نے مجھے کافی مشق دی۔ -This list grew over many months, and yes, it kind of got out of hand. +- [پروگرامنگ انٹرویوز کا انکشاف: انٹرویو کے ذریعے اپنے راستے کی کوڈنگ، 4th ایڈیشن](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) + - سی++ (++C) اور جاوا (Java) میں جوابات + - کوڈنگ انٹرویو کو کریک کرنے کے لیے یہ ایک اچھی شروعات ہے۔ + - زیادہ مشکل نہیں۔ زیادہ تر مسائل اس سے آسان ہوسکتے ہیں جو آپ انٹرویو میں دیکھیں گے (اس سے جو میں نے پڑھا ہے) +- [کریکنگ دی کوڈنگ انٹرویو، چھٹا ایڈیشن](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - جاوا میں جوابات -Here are some mistakes I made so you'll have a better experience. +### اگر آپ کے پاس بہت زیادہ وقت ہے: -### 1. You Won't Remember it All +ایک کا انتخاب کرو: -I watched hours of videos and took copious notes, and months later there was much I didn't remember. I spent 3 days going -through my notes and making flashcards so I could review. +- [پروگرامنگ انٹرویوز کے عناصر (C++ ورژن)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [پا ئیتھون میں پروگرامنگ انٹرویوز کے عناصر](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [پروگرامنگ انٹرویوز کے عناصر (جاوا ورژن)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [ساتھی پروجیکٹ - کتاب میں ہر مسئلے کے لیے ٹیسٹ کیسز](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) -Read please so you won't make my mistakes: +## میری غلطیاں مت کرنا -[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/). +یہ فہرست کئی مہینوں میں بڑھی، اور ہاں، یہ ہاتھ سے نکل گئی۔ -A course recommended to me (haven't taken it): [Learning how to Learn](https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn) +یہ کچھ غلطیاں ہیں جو میں نے کی تھی۔ تو آپ کو ایک بہتر تجربہ ملے گا۔ اور آپ مہینوں کا وقت بچائیں گے۔ -### 2. Use Flashcards +### 1. آپ سب یادنہیں رکھ سکیں گے -To solve the problem, I made a little flashcards site where I could add flashcards of 2 types: general and code. -Each card has different formatting. +میں نے گھنٹوں کی ویڈیوز دیکھی اور کافی نوٹ لیے، اور مہینوں بعد مجھے بہت کچھ یاد نہیں تھا۔ میں نے 3 دن گزارے، اپنے نوٹس پڑھے اور فلیش کارڈز بنائے، تاکہ میں جائزہ لے سکوں۔ مجھے اس سارے علم کی ضرورت نہیں تھی۔ -I made a mobile-first website so I could review on my phone and tablet, wherever I am. +براہ کرم، پڑھیں تاکہ آپ میری غلطی نہ کریں: -Make your own for free: +[کمپیوٹر سائنس کا علم برقرار رکھنا](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/). -- [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): -- [My flash cards database (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): +### 2. فلیش کارڈز استعمال کریں -Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required. +اس مسئلے کو حل کرنے کے لیے، میں نے ایک چھوٹی سی فلیش کارڈز سائٹ بنائی جہاں میں 2 اقسام کے فلیش کارڈز شامل کر سکتا ہوں: جنرل اور کوڈ۔ +ہر کارڈ کی فارمیٹنگ مختلف ہوتی ہے۔ میں نے ایک موبائل مسابقتی ویب سائٹ بنائی ہے، تاکہ میں اپنے فون یا ٹیبلیٹ پر جہاں بھی ہوں، جائزہ لے سکوں۔ -**Note on flashcards:** The first time you recognize you know the answer, don't mark it as known. You have to see the -same card and answer it several times correctly before you really know it. Repetition will put that knowledge deeper in -your brain. +اپنےلیے مفت میں بنائیں: -An alternative to using my flashcard site is [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), which has been recommended to me numerous times. It uses a repetition system to help you remember. -It's user-friendly, available on all platforms and has a cloud sync system. It costs $25 on iOS but is free on other platforms. +- [فلیش کارڈز سائٹ ریپو](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -My flashcard database in Anki format: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) +**میں اپنے فلیش کارڈز استعمال کرنے کا مشورہ نہیں دیتا۔** یہ بہت زیادہ ہیں اور ان میں سے زیادہ تر چیزیں ایسی ہیں جن کی آپ کو ضرورت نہیں ہے۔ -### 3. Start doing coding interview questions while you're learning data structures and algorithms, +لیکن اگر آپ میری بات نہیں سننا چاہتے، تو آپ یہاں جائیں: +- [میرے فلیش کارڈز کا ڈیٹا بیس (1200 کارڈز)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [میرے فلیش کارڈز کا ڈیٹا بیس (انتہائی - 1800 کارڈز)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): -You need to apply what you're learning to solving problems, or you'll forget. I made this mistake. Once you've learned a topic, -and feel comfortable with it, like linked lists, open one of the coding interview books and do a couple of questions regarding -linked lists. Then move on to the next learning topic. Then later, go back and do another linked list problem, -or recursion problem, or whatever. But keep doing problems while you're learning. You're not being hired for knowledge, -but how you apply the knowledge. There are several books and sites I recommend. -See here for more: [Coding Question Practice](#coding-question-practice) +ذہن میں رکھیں کہ میں اوور بورڈ گیا اور میرے جو کارڈز ہیں ان میں اسمبلی لینگویج اور پائیتھون کی چھوٹی معلومات سے لے کر مشین لرننگ اور اعدادوشمار تک ہر چیز کا احاطہ کیا گیا ہے۔ +جو کے ضرورت سے بہت زیادہ ہے۔ -### 4. Review, review, review +**فلیش کارڈز پر نوٹ:** پہلی بار جب آپ پہچانیں گے کہ آپ کو جواب معلوم ہے تو اسے معلوم کے طور پر نشان زد نہ کریں۔ایک ہی کارڈ دیکھیں + اور اس کا کئی بار صحیح جواب دیں اس سے پہلے کہ آپ واقعی اسے نشان زدہ کریں۔ تکرار اس علم کو آپ کا دماغ کی مزید گہرائی میں اتار دے گی۔ -I keep a set of cheat sheets on ASCII, OSI stack, Big-O notations, and more. I study them when I have some spare time. +میری فلیش کارڈ سائٹ کو استعمال کرنے کا ایک متبادل ہے [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/)، جو مجھے متعدد بار تجویز کیا گیا ہے۔ +یہ آپ کو یاد رکھنے میں مدد کے لیے تکرار کا نظام استعمال کرتا ہے۔ یہ صارف دوست ہے، تمام پلیٹ فارمز پر دستیاب ہے اور اس میں کلاؤڈ سنک سسٹم ہے۔ +ای-اہ-ایس (iOS) پر اس کی قیمت $25 ہے لیکن دوسرے پلیٹ فارمز پر مفت ہے۔ -Take a break from programming problems for a half hour and go through your flashcards. +انکی (Anki)فارمیٹ میں میرا فلیش کارڈ ڈیٹا بیس: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (شکریہ [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)). -### 5. Focus +کچھ طلباء نے سفید جگہ کے ساتھ فارمیٹنگ کے مسائل کا ذکر کیا ہے جنہیں درج ذیل کام کرکے حل کیا جا سکتا ہے: ڈیک کھولیں، کارڈ میں ترمیم کریں، کارڈز پر کلک کریں، "اسٹائلنگ" ریڈیو بٹن کو منتخب کریں، کارڈ کی کلاس میں ";white-space: pre" ممبر کو شامل کریں۔ -There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concentration are hard. Turn on some music -without lyrics and you'll be able to focus pretty well. +### 3. جب آپ سیکھ رہے ہوں تو کوڈنگ انٹرویو کے سوالات کریں -## What you won't see covered +یہ بہت اہم ہے. -These are prevalent technologies but not part of this study plan: +جب آپ ڈیٹا سٹرکچر اور الگورتھم سیکھ رہے ہوں تو انٹرویو کے سوالات کو کوڈنگ کرنا شروع کریں۔ -- SQL -- Javascript -- HTML, CSS, and other front-end technologies +آپ جو سیکھ رہے ہیں اسے مسائل کو حل کرنے کے لیے لاگو کرنے کی ضرورت ہے، ورنہ آپ بھول جائیں گے۔ میں نے یہ غلطی کی۔ -## The Daily Plan +ایک بار جب آپ نے کوئی موضوع سیکھ لیا، اور اس میں کسی حد تک مہارت محسوس کریں، مثال کے طور پر، **لنکڈلسٹ**: +1. ان میں سے ایک کھولیں [کوڈنگ انٹرویو کی کتابیں](#interview-prep-books) (یا مندرجہ ذیل کوڈنگ سوالات ویب سائٹس) +2. لنکڈلسٹ سے متعلق 2 یا 3 سوالات کریں۔ +3. اگلے موضوع کی طرف بڑھیں۔ +4. بعد میں، واپس جائیں اور لنکڈ لسٹ کے مزید 2 یا 3 سوالات کریں۔ +5. یہ ہر نئے موضوع کے ساتھ کریں جو آپ سیکھتے ہیں۔ -Some subjects take one day, and some will take multiple days. Some are just learning with nothing to implement. +**جب آپ یہ سب چیزیں سیکھ رہے ہوں تو سوالات کرتے رہیں، اس کے بعد نہیں۔** -Each day I take one subject from the list below, watch videos about that subject, and write an implementation in: -- C - using structs and functions that take a struct * and something else as args. -- C++ - without using built-in types -- C++ - using built-in types, like STL's std::list for a linked list -- Python - using built-in types (to keep practicing Python) -- and write tests to ensure I'm doing it right, sometimes just using simple assert() statements -- You may do Java or something else, this is just my thing. +آپ کو علم کی وجہ سے نوکری پر نہیں رکھا جا رہا ہے، بلکہ آپ کو اس لیے رکھا گیا ہے کہ آپ علم کو کیسے استعمال کرتے ہیں۔ -You don't need all these. You need only [one language for the interview](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview). +ذیل میں اس کے لیے بہت سے وسائل موجود ہیں۔ کام جاری رکھیں۔ -Why code in all of these? -- Practice, practice, practice, until I'm sick of it, and can do it with no problem (some have many edge cases and bookkeeping details to remember) -- Work within the raw constraints (allocating/freeing memory without help of garbage collection (except Python or Java)) -- Make use of built-in types so I have experience using the built-in tools for real-world use (not going to write my own linked list implementation in production) +### 4. توجہ -I may not have time to do all of these for every subject, but I'll try. +بہت سارے خلفشار ہیں جن میں قیمتی وقت لگ سکتا ہے۔ توجہ اور ارتکاز مشکل ہے۔ کچھ میوزک آن کریں۔ +دھن کے بغیر اور آپ اچھی طرح توجہ مرکوز کر سکیں گے۔ -You can see my code here: +## جو آپ نہیں سیکھیں گے + +یہ مروجہ ٹیکنالوجیز ہیں لیکن اس اسٹڈی پلان کا حصہ نہیں ہیں: + +- جاوا اسکرپٹ +- فرنٹ اینڈ ٹیکنالوجیز اور HTML، CSS +- ایس کیو ایل (SQL) + +## روزانہ کا منصوبہ + +یہ کورس بہت سارے مضامین پر مشتمل ہے۔ ہر ایک میں شاید آپ کو کچھ دن لگیں گے، یا شاید ایک ہفتہ یا اس سے بھی زیادہ۔ یہ آپ کے شیڈول پر منحصر ہے۔ + +ہر روز، فہرست سے اگلا مضمون لیں، اس موضوع کے بارے میں کچھ ویڈیوز دیکھیں، اور پھر اس ڈیٹا سٹرکچر یا الگورتھم کا، اس زبان میں جو آپ نے اس کورس کے لیے منتخب کی ہے ،کاایک کوڈ لکھیں۔ + +آپ میرا کوڈ یہاں دیکھ سکتے ہیں: - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) -You don't need to memorize the guts of every algorithm. +آپ کو ہر الگورتھم کو حفظ کرنے کی ضرورت نہیں ہے۔ آپ کو صرف اتنا سمجھنے کی ضرورت ہے کہ آپ اپنا کوڈ لکھ سکیں۔ -Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample inputs. Then test it out on a computer. +## کوڈنگ سوال کی مشق -## Prerequisite Knowledge + ابھی کیوں؟ میں انٹرویو کے لیے تیار نہیں ہوں۔ -- [ ] **Learn C** - - C is everywhere. You'll see examples in books, lectures, videos, *everywhere* while you're studying. - - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) - - This is a short book, but it will give you a great handle on the C language and if you practice it a little - you'll quickly get proficient. Understanding C helps you understand how programs and memory work. - - [answers to questions](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) +[توپھر واپس جا کر یہ پڑھیں۔](#3-do-coding-interview-questions-while-youre-learning) -- [ ] **How computers process a program:** - - [ ] [How CPU executes a program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) - - [ ] [How computers calculate - ALU (video)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) - - [ ] [Registers and RAM (video)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) - - [ ] [The Central Processing Unit (CPU) (video)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) - - [ ] [Instructions and Programs (video)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) +آپ کو پروگرامنگ کی مشقیں کرنے کی کیوں ضرورت ہے: +- سوال کی شناخت، اور کہاں صحیح ڈیٹا اسٹرکچر اور الگورتھم فٹ ہوتے ہیں +- سوال کے تقاضوں کو سمجھنا +- سوال کے ذریعے اپنے طریقے سے بات کرنا جیسا کہ آپ انٹرویو میں کریں گے +- کمپیوٹر کے بجائے وائٹ بورڈ یا کاغذ پر کوڈنگ +- اپنے حل کے لیے وقت اور میموری کی اصلاح کے بارے میں سوچنا (نیچے بگ-او دیکھیں) +- اپنے جوابات کی جانچ کرنا -## Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis +یہ انٹرویو میں سوال حل کرنے کے طریقہ کار، اور بات چیت کے طریقے کا ایک بہترین تعارف ہے۔ آپ کو یہ پروگرامنگ انٹرویو کی کتابوں سے بھی ملے گا، لیکن مجھے یہ شاندار معلوم ہوا: +[الگورتھم ڈیزائن کینوس (Algorithm design canvas)](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) -- Nothing to implement -- There are a lot of videos here. Just watch enough until you understand it. You can always come back and review. -- If some of the lectures are too mathy, you can jump down to the bottom and watch the discrete mathematics videos to get the background knowledge. +وائٹ بورڈ یا کاغذ پر کوڈ لکھیں، کمپیوٹر پر نہیں۔ کچھ نمونے کے جوابات کے ساتھ ٹیسٹ کریں۔ پھر اسے ٹائپ کریں اور کمپیوٹر پر اس کی جانچ کریں۔ + +اگر آپ کے پاس گھر میں وائٹ بورڈ نہیں ہے تو آرٹ اسٹور سے ایک بڑا ڈرائنگ پیڈ لیں۔ آپ صوفے پر بیٹھ کر مشق کر سکتے ہیں۔ +یہ میرا "صوفہ وائٹ بورڈ" ہے۔ میں نے صرف دکھانے کے لیے تصویر میں قلم شامل کیا۔ اگر آپ قلم استعمال کرتے ہیں، تو آپ چاہیں گے کہ آپ اسے مٹابھی سکیں۔ +کیونکہ یہ جلدی گندا ہو جاتا ہے. **میں پنسل اور صافی کا استعمال کرتا ہوں۔** + +![میرا صوفہ وائٹ بورڈ](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) + +**کوڈنگ سوال کی مشق پروگرامنگ کے مسائل کے جوابات کو یاد کرنے کے بارے میں نہیں ہے۔** + +## کوڈنگ کے سوالات/مسائل + +اپنی اہم کوڈنگ انٹرویو کی کتابوں کو مت بھولنا [یہاں](#interview-prep-books). + +سوالات حل کرنا: +- [حل تلاش کرنے کا طریقہ](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/How%20To%20Find%20a%20Solution) +- [ٹاپ کوڈر پرابلم اسٹیٹمنٹ کو ڈسیکٹ کرنے کا طریقہ](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/How%20To%20Dissect%20a%20Topcoder%20Problem%20Statement%20Content) + +کوڈنگ انٹرویو سوال کی ویڈیوز: +- [IDeserve (88 ویڈیوز)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5 پلے لسٹس)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - سوالات کے حل کے لیے بہترین +- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 ویڈیوز)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - حل اور کوڈ کی اچھی وضاحت + - آپ مختصر وقت میں کئی دیکھ سکتے ہیں۔ +- [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) + +چیلنج/پریکٹس سائٹس: +- [لیٹ کوڈ(LeetCode)](https://leetcode.com/) + - میری پسندیدہ کوڈنگ سوالات کی سائٹ۔ یہ کم از کم 1-2 مہینوں کے لئے(جن میں آپ تیاری کر رہے ہوں گے) سبسکرپشن کی رقم کے قابل ہے۔ + - کوڈ واک تھرو کے لیے اوپر نک وائٹ اور فشر کوڈر کی ویڈیوز دیکھیں۔ +- [ہیکر رینک (HackerRank)](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [ٹاپ کوڈر (TopCoder)](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [کوڈفورسز(Codeforces)](https://codeforces.com/) +- [کوڈیلیٹی(Codility)](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [گیکس فار گیکس(Geeks for Geeks)](https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/explore/?page=1) +- [الگو ایکسپرٹ(AlgoExpert)](https://www.algoexpert.io/product) + - گوگل انجینئرز کے ذریعہ تخلیق کیا گیا، یہ آپ کی صلاحیتوں کو نکھارنے کا ایک بہترین ذریعہ بھی ہے۔ +- [پروجیکٹ یولر(Project Euler)](https://projecteuler.net/) + - بہت زیادہ ریاضی پر مرکوز ہے، اور انٹرویو کوڈنگ کے لیے واقعی موزوں نہیں ہے۔ + +## آو شروع کریں + +باتیں کافی ہیں، آئیے اب سیکھتے ہیں! + +لیکن سیکھتے وقت اوپر سے کوڈنگ سوالات کرنا نہ بھولیں! + +## الگورتھمک پیچیدگی / بگ-او / اسیمپٹوٹک تجزیہ + +- یہاں کرنے کو کچھ نہیں، آپ صرف ویڈیوز دیکھیں گے اور نوٹ لیں گے! آہا! +- یہاں بہت ساری ویڈیوز ہیں۔ صرف اس وقت تک دیکھیں جب تک آپ اسے سمجھ سکیں۔ آپ ہمیشہ واپس آ کر نظر ثانی کر سکتے ہیں۔ +- پریشان نہ ہوں اگر آپ اس کے پیچھے کی تمام ریاضی کو نہیں سمجھتے ہیں۔ +- آپ کو صرف یہ سمجھنے کی ضرورت ہے کہ بگ-او کے لحاظ سے الگورتھم کی پیچیدگی کو کیسے ظاہر کیا جائے۔ - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) - [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) - [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [ ] Skiena: - - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [slides](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) -- [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) -- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/orders-of-growth-6PKkX) -- [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/asymptotics-bXAtM) +- [ ] [Skiena (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1mkCe3kVUA) - [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_ca3e7UVmeUc) - [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/illustrating-big-o-YVqzv) - [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): - - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Computational%20Complexity%20part%20one) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Computational%20Complexity%20part%20two) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) -## Data Structures +یہ اس کے بارے میں کافی ہے. + +جب آپ "کریکنگ دی کوڈنگ انٹرویو" سے گزرتے ہیں، تو اس پر ایک باب ہوتا ہے، اور آخر میں یہ دیکھنے کے لیے ایک کوئز ہوتا ہے کہ آپ مختلف الگورتھم کی رن ٹائم پیچیدگی کی شناخت کر سکتے ہیں یانہیں۔ یہ ایک زبردست جائزہ اور ٹیسٹ ہے۔ + +## ڈیٹا سٹرکچرز - ### Arrays - - Implement an automatically resizing vector. - - [ ] Description: - - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) + - [ ] About Arrays: + - [Arrays CS50 Harvard University](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tI_tIZFyKBw&t=3009s) + - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/arrays-OsBSF) - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (Start watching from 15m 32s) - - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) + - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/dynamic-arrays-EwbnV) - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) - [ ] Implement a vector (mutable array with automatic resizing): - [ ] Practice coding using arrays and pointers, and pointer math to jump to an index instead of using indexing. - - [ ] new raw data array with allocated memory + - [ ] New raw data array with allocated memory - can allocate int array under the hood, just not use its features - start with 16, or if starting number is greater, use power of 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 - [ ] size() - number of items @@ -554,20 +598,22 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - ### Linked Lists - [ ] Description: - - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) + - [ ] [Linked Lists CS50 Harvard University](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2T-A_GFuoTo&t=650s) - this builds the intuition. + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation. + - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: - - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) - - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) - - [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9) + - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd) + - [ ] [Why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) - [ ] Gotcha: you need pointer to pointer knowledge: (for when you pass a pointer to a function that may change the address where that pointer points) This page is just to get a grasp on ptr to ptr. I don't recommend this list traversal style. Readability and maintainability suffer due to cleverness. - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) - - [ ] implement (I did with tail pointer & without): + - [ ] Implement (I did with tail pointer & without): - [ ] size() - returns number of data elements in list - [ ] empty() - bool returns true if empty - [ ] value_at(index) - returns the value of the nth item (starting at 0 for first) @@ -583,16 +629,18 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] reverse() - reverses the list - [ ] remove_value(value) - removes the first item in the list with this value - [ ] Doubly-linked List - - [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) + - [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/doubly-linked-lists-jpGKD) - No need to implement -- ### Stack - - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) - - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. +- ### Stacks + - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) + - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial - ### Queue - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) @@ -609,42 +657,46 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - dequeue: O(1) (linked list and array) - empty: O(1) (linked list and array) -- ### Hash table +- ### Hash Table - [ ] Videos: - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [PyCon 2017: The Dictionary Even Mightier (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Online Courses: - - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4) - - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) + - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/phone-book-problem-NYZZP) - [ ] distributed hash tables: - - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) - - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox-DvaIb) + - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/distributed-hash-tables-tvH8H) - - [ ] implement with array using linear probing + - [ ] Implement with array using linear probing - hash(k, m) - m is size of hash table - add(key, value) - if key already exists, update value - exists(key) - get(key) - remove(key) -## More Knowledge +## مزید معلومات - ### Binary search - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Binary%20Search) + - [ ] [blueprint](https://leetcode.com/discuss/general-discussion/786126/python-powerful-ultimate-binary-search-template-solved-many-problems) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Implement: - binary search (on sorted array of integers) - binary search using recursion - ### Bitwise operations - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - [ ] Good intro: @@ -655,27 +707,26 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] [Bit Hacks (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZusiKXcz_ac) + - [ ] [Practice Operations](https://pconrad.github.io/old_pconrad_cs16/topics/bitOps/) - [ ] 2s and 1s complement - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) - - [ ] count set bits + - [ ] Count set bits - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) - - [ ] swap values: + - [ ] Swap values: - [Swap](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) - - [ ] absolute value: + - [ ] Absolute value: - [Absolute Integer](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) ## Trees -- ### Trees - Notes & Background - - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) - - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) - - basic tree construction - - traversal - - manipulation algorithms +- ### Trees - Intro + - [ ] [Intro to Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/trees-95qda) + - [ ] [Tree Traversal (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/tree-traversal-fr51b) - [ ] [BFS(breadth-first search) and DFS(depth-first search) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) - BFS notes: - level order (BFS, using queue) @@ -689,13 +740,14 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Binary search trees: BSTs - - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [Series (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) - - starts with symbol table and goes through BST applications + - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) - - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76dhtgZt38A&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) - C/C++: - [ ] [Binary search tree - Implementation in C/C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) - [ ] [BST implementation - memory allocation in stack and heap (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) @@ -723,19 +775,19 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - ### Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap - visualized as a tree, but is usually linear in storage (array, linked list) - [ ] [Heap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) - - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) - - [ ] [Naive Implementations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/introduction-2OpTs) - [ ] [Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) - [ ] [Tree Height Remark (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) - [ ] [Basic Operations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) - [ ] [Complete Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) - [ ] [Pseudocode (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) - [ ] [Heap Sort - jumps to start (video)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) - - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) - - [ ] [Building a heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) + - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/heap-sort-hSzMO) + - [ ] [Building a heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/building-a-heap-dwrOS) - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Implement a max-heap: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert @@ -744,17 +796,16 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] is_empty() - returns true if heap contains no elements - [ ] extract_max - returns the max item, removing it - [ ] sift_down - needed for extract_max - - [ ] remove(i) - removes item at index x + - [ ] remove(x) - removes item at index x - [ ] heapify - create a heap from an array of elements, needed for heap_sort - - [ ] heap_sort() - take an unsorted array and turn it into a sorted array in-place using a max heap - - note: using a min heap instead would save operations, but double the space needed (cannot do in-place). + - [ ] heap_sort() - take an unsorted array and turn it into a sorted array in-place using a max heap or min heap ## Sorting - [ ] Notes: - Implement sorts & know best case/worst case, average complexity of each: - no bubble sort - it's terrible - O(n^2), except when n <= 16 - - [ ] stability in sorting algorithms ("Is Quicksort stable?") + - [ ] Stability in sorting algorithms ("Is Quicksort stable?") - [Sorting Algorithm Stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) @@ -763,26 +814,27 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - I wouldn't recommend sorting a linked list, but merge sort is doable. - [Merge Sort For Linked List](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) -- For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. Heap sort is great, but not stable. +- For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. Heap sort is great, but not stable - [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) - - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort) + - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/mergesort-ARWDq) - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) - - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/xAltF/sorting-complexity) - - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/9FYhS/comparators) + - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/sorting-complexity-xAltF) + - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/comparators-9FYhS) - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) - [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) - - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/vjvnC/quicksort) - - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/UQxFT/selection) - - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/XvjPd/duplicate-keys) - - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/QBNZ7/system-sorts) + - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/quicksort-vjvnC) + - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/selection-UQxFT) + - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/duplicate-keys-XvjPd) + - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/system-sorts-QBNZ7) - [ ] UC Berkeley: - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014-04-21: Radix Sort(video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_pvbBMd-3NoI) - [ ] [Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - [ ] [Analyzing Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) @@ -801,19 +853,27 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Implement: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case - Selection sort and insertion sort are both O(n^2) average and worst case - - For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. + - For heapsort, see Heap data structure above - [ ] Not required, but I recommended them: - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) - - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting) + - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part2/key-indexed-counting-2pi1Z) - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) - - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/crkd5/3-way-radix-quicksort) + - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part2/3-way-radix-quicksort-crkd5) - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) - [ ] [Radix Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) @@ -826,44 +886,45 @@ If you need more detail on this subject, see "Sorting" section in [Additional De ## Graphs -Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this section is long, like trees and sorting were. +گراف کو کمپیوٹر سائنس میں بہت سے مسائل کی نمائندگی کرنے کے لیے استعمال کیا جا سکتا ہے، اس لیے یہ سیکشن لمبا ہے، جیسا کہ ٹریز اور ترتیب / سارٹنگ تھے۔ - Notes: - - There are 4 basic ways to represent a graph in memory: + - میموری میں گراف کی نمائندگی کرنے کے 4 بنیادی طریقے ہیں: - objects and pointers - adjacency matrix - adjacency list - adjacency map - - Familiarize yourself with each representation and its pros & cons - - BFS and DFS - know their computational complexity, their tradeoffs, and how to implement them in real code - - When asked a question, look for a graph-based solution first, then move on if none. + - ہر ایک نمائندگی اور اس کے فوائد اور نقصانات سے اپنے آپ کو واقف کریں۔ + - BFS اور DFS - ان کی کمپیوٹیشنل پیچیدگی، ان کے تجارتی معاہدوں، اور انہیں حقیقی کوڈ میں لاگو کرنے کا طریقہ جانیں۔ + - جب کوئی سوال پوچھا جائے تو پہلے گراف پر مبنی حل تلاش کریں، پھر اگر کوئی نہیں تو آگے بڑھیں۔ - [ ] MIT(videos): - - [ ] [Breadth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) - - [ ] [Depth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) + - [ ] [Breadth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFVYVzlvk9c&t=14s&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [ ] [Depth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBfWDYSffUU&t=32s&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) - [ ] Skiena Lectures - great intro: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 10 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sjk0xqWWPCc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=10) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 11 - Graph Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTwjXj81NVY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=11) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 12 - Depth First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KyordYB3BOs&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=12) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 13 - Minimum Spanning Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oolm2VnJUKw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 14 - Minimum Spanning Trees (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RktgPx0MarY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=14) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUe5DXRhyAo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=15) - [ ] Graphs (review and more): - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSHizBK9JD8&t=1731s&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9cVS_URPc0&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - Lecture 6 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) - - [ ] ~~[CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489)~~ - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Full Coursera Course: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -884,7 +945,7 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] list strongly connected components - [ ] check for bipartite graph -## Even More Knowledge +## اس سے بھی زیادہ معلومات - ### Recursion - [ ] Stanford lectures on recursion & backtracking: @@ -892,21 +953,25 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) - - when it is appropriate to use it - - how is tail recursion better than not? + - When it is appropriate to use it? + - How is tail recursion better than not? - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) - + - [ ] [5 Simple Steps for Solving Any Recursive Problem(video)](https://youtu.be/ngCos392W4w) + + Backtracking Blueprint: [Java](https://leetcode.com/problems/combination-sum/discuss/16502/A-general-approach-to-backtracking-questions-in-Java-(Subsets-Permutations-Combination-Sum-Palindrome-Partitioning)) + [Python](https://leetcode.com/problems/combination-sum/discuss/429538/General-Backtracking-questions-solutions-in-Python-for-reference-%3A) - ### Dynamic Programming - - You probably won't see any dynamic programming problems in your interview, but it's worth being able to recognize a problem as being a candidate for dynamic programming. + - You probably won't see any dynamic programming problems in your interview, but it's worth being able to recognize a + problem as being a candidate for dynamic programming. - This subject can be pretty difficult, as each DP soluble problem must be defined as a recursion relation, and coming up with it can be tricky. - I suggest looking at many examples of DP problems until you have a solid understanding of the pattern involved. - [ ] Videos: - - the Skiena videos can be hard to follow since he sometimes uses the whiteboard, which is too small to see - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2020 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wAA0AMfcJHQ&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=18) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2020 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3A4jlHlhtA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=19) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2020 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (continued) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPnPVcZmRbE&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=20) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2020 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xPE4Wq8coQ&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=21) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2020 - Lecture 22 - Dynamic Programming and Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yh3RzqQGsyI&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=22) - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) @@ -916,17 +981,13 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) - [ ] Coursera: - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) - - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) - - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-2/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm-PSonq) + - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm-oUEK2) - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) - - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-2/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment-UZ7o6) - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) -- ### Object-Oriented Programming - - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) - - [ ] SOLID OOP Principles: [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) - - ### Design patterns - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) - [ ] Learn these patterns: @@ -947,15 +1008,10 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] iterator - [ ] composite - [ ] flyweight - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 1) - Patterns (video)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - [ ] [Series of videos (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) - - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) + - [ ] [Book: Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) - I know the canonical book is "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", but Head First is great for beginners to OO. - - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) - - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) - + - [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) - ### Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) @@ -978,9 +1034,10 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [NP Completeness III (Video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) - [ ] Skiena: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 23 - Introduction to NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 24 - NP-Completeness Proofs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 25 - NP-Completeness Challenge (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 23 - NP-Completeness (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItHp5laE1VE&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=23) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 24 - Satisfiability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inaFJeCzGxU&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=24) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 25 - More NP-Completeness (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-bhKxjZLlc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=25) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 26 - NP-Completeness Challenge (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EzetTkG_Cc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=26) - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) @@ -988,6 +1045,13 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) - Pages 1048 - 1140 in CLRS if you have it. +- ### How computers process a program + + - [ ] [How CPU executes a program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + - [ ] [How computers calculate - ALU (video)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + - [ ] [Registers and RAM (video)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [ ] [The Central Processing Unit (CPU) (video)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [ ] [Instructions and Programs (video)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) - ### Caches - [ ] LRU cache: - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) @@ -1004,26 +1068,27 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) - Covers: - Processes, Threads, Concurrency issues - - difference between processes and threads - - processes - - threads - - locks - - mutexes - - semaphores - - monitors - - how they work - - deadlock - - livelock + - Difference between processes and threads + - Processes + - Threads + - Locks + - Mutexes + - Semaphores + - Monitors + - How they work? + - Deadlock + - Livelock - CPU activity, interrupts, context switching - Modern concurrency constructs with multicore processors - - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) - - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) + - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://youtu.be/O4nwUqQodAg) + - [Interrupts (video)](https://youtu.be/iKlAWIKEyuw) - Process resource needs (memory: code, static storage, stack, heap, and also file descriptors, i/o) - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own pc, stack counter, registers, and stack) - Forking is really copy on write (read-only) until the new process writes to memory, then it does a full copy. - Context switching - - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware + - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware? - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] [CS 377 Spring '14: Operating Systems from University of Massachusetts](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLacuG5pysFbDQU8kKxbUh4K5c1iL5_k7k) - [ ] concurrency in Python (videos): - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) @@ -1048,26 +1113,22 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) - [ ] [How to write tests](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) -- ### Scheduling - - in an OS, how it works - - can be gleaned from Operating System videos - - ### String searching & manipulations - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) - - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/introduction-to-substring-search) + - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part2/introduction-to-substring-search-n3ZpG) - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) - - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) + - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part2/rabin-karp-3KiqT) - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) - If you need more detail on this subject, see "String Matching" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) + If you need more detail on this subject, see "String Matching" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects). - ### Tries - Note there are different kinds of tries. Some have prefixes, some don't, and some use string instead of bits - to track the path. - - I read through code, but will not implement. + to track the path + - I read through code, but will not implement - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) @@ -1078,13 +1139,12 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) - - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Using%20Tries) - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - ### Floating Point Numbers - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) - - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) - ### Unicode - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) @@ -1098,9 +1158,9 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - The first half is enough. - ### Networking - - **if you have networking experience or want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, expect questions** - - otherwise, this is just good to know - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) + - **If you have networking experience or want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, expect questions** + - Otherwise, this is just good to know + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/code-org/computers-and-the-internet) - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained! (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial. (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) @@ -1114,296 +1174,111 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) -## System Design, Scalability, Data Handling - -**You can expect system design questions if you have 4+ years of experience.** - -- Scalability and System Design are very large topics with many topics and resources, since - there is a lot to consider when designing a software/hardware system that can scale. - Expect to spend quite a bit of time on this. -- Considerations: - - scalability - - Distill large data sets to single values - - Transform one data set to another - - Handling obscenely large amounts of data - - system design - - features sets - - interfaces - - class hierarchies - - designing a system under certain constraints - - simplicity and robustness - - tradeoffs - - performance analysis and optimization -- [ ] **START HERE**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) -- [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) -- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) -- [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) -- [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) -- [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) -- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below. -- [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) -- [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) -- [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) -- [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) -- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) -- [ ] Consensus Algorithms: - - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) - - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) - - [ ] [Easy-to-read paper](https://raft.github.io/) - - [ ] [Infographic](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) -- [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) -- [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) -- [ ] Scalability: - - You don't need all of these. Just pick a few that interest you. - - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) - - [ ] Short series: - - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) - - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) - - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) - - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) - - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) - - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) - - [ ] [Pragmatic Programming Techniques](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) - - [extra: Google Pregel Graph Processing](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) - - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) - - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) - - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) - - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) - - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) - - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) - - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) - - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) - - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) - - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) - - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) - - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) - - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) - - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) - - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) - - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Get In The Queue](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) - - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) - - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) - - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) - - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) - - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) - - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) - - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) - - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) - - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) - - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) - - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) - - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) - - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) - - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) - - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) - - [ ] [Cinchcast Architecture - Producing 1,500 Hours Of Audio Every Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) - - [ ] [Justin.Tv's Live Video Broadcasting Architecture](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) - - [ ] [Playfish's Social Gaming Architecture - 50 Million Monthly Users And Growing](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) - - [ ] [TripAdvisor Architecture - 40M Visitors, 200M Dynamic Page Views, 30TB Data](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) - - [ ] [PlentyOfFish Architecture](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) - - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) - - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) - - [ ] See "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" way below for info on some of the technologies that can glue services together - - [ ] Twitter: - - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) - - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) - - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [Video Series](#video-series) section. -- [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: - - review: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) - - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - - flow: - 1. Understand the problem and scope: - - define the use cases, with interviewer's help - - suggest additional features - - remove items that interviewer deems out of scope - - assume high availability is required, add as a use case - 2. Think about constraints: - - ask how many requests per month - - ask how many requests per second (they may volunteer it or make you do the math) - - estimate reads vs. writes percentage - - keep 80/20 rule in mind when estimating - - how much data written per second - - total storage required over 5 years - - how much data read per second - 3. Abstract design: - - layers (service, data, caching) - - infrastructure: load balancing, messaging - - rough overview of any key algorithm that drives the service - - consider bottlenecks and determine solutions - - Exercises: - - [Design a CDN network: old article](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) - - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) - - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) - - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) - - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) - - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) - - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) - - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) - --- -## Final Review +## حتمی جائزہ - This section will have shorter videos that you can watch pretty quickly to review most of the important concepts. - It's nice if you want a refresher often. + اس سیکشن میں چھوٹی ویڈیوز ہوں گی جنہیں آپ زیادہ تر اہم تصورات کا جائزہ لینے کے لیے بہت تیزی سے دیکھ سکتے ہیں۔ + اگر آپ اکثر ریفریشر چاہتے ہیں تو یہ اچھا ہے۔ -- [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (38 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] 2-3 منٹ کی مختصر سبجیکٹ ویڈیوز کی سیریز (23 ویڈیوز) + - [ویڈیوز](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] 2-5 منٹ کی مختصر موضوع ویڈیوز کی سیریز - مائیکل سمبول (48 ویڈیوز): + - [ویڈیوز](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) --- -## Coding Question Practice +## اپنے ریزیومے کو اپ ڈیٹ کریں -Now that you know all the computer science topics above, it's time to practice answering coding problems. +- درج کتابوں میں ریزیومے کی تیاری کی معلومات دیکھیں: +- "کریکنگ دی کوڈنگ انٹرویو" اور "پروگرامنگ انٹرویوز بے نقاب" +- ["This Is What A GOOD Resume Should Look Like" by Gayle McDowell (author of Cracking the Coding Interview)](https://www.careercup.com/resume), + - مصنف کی طرف سے نوٹ: "یہ یونائیٹڈ سٹیٹس امریکا فوکسڈ ریزیومے کے لیے ہے۔ ہندوستان اور دیگر ممالک کے لیے سی وی کی توقعات مختلف ہیں، حالانکہ بہت سے پوائنٹس ایک جیسے ہوں گے۔" +- ["Step-by-step resume guide" by Tech Interview Handbook](https://www.techinterviewhandbook.org/resume/guide) + - اپنے ریزیومے کو شروع سے ترتیب دینے، موثر ریزیومے کا مواد لکھنے، اسے بہتر بنانے اور اپنے ریزیومے کی جانچ کرنے کے طریقے کے بارے میں تفصیلی گائیڈ -**Coding question practice is not about memorizing answers to programming problems.** +## انٹرویو کا عمل اور عام انٹرویو کی تیاری -Why you need to practice doing programming problems: -- problem recognition, and where the right data structures and algorithms fit in -- gathering requirements for the problem -- talking your way through the problem like you will in the interview -- coding on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer -- coming up with time and space complexity for your solutions -- testing your solutions - -There is a great intro for methodical, communicative problem solving in an interview. You'll get this from the programming -interview books, too, but I found this outstanding: -[Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) - -No whiteboard at home? That makes sense. I'm a weirdo and have a big whiteboard. Instead of a whiteboard, pick up a -large drawing pad from an art store. You can sit on the couch and practice. This is my "sofa whiteboard". -I added the pen in the photo for scale. If you use a pen, you'll wish you could erase. Gets messy quick. I use a pencil -and eraser. - -![my sofa whiteboard](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) - -Supplemental: - -- [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) -- [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) -- [MIT Interview Materials](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) - -**Read and Do Programming Problems (in this order):** - -- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) - - answers in C, C++ and Java -- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - answers in Java - -See [Book List above](#book-list) - - -## Coding exercises/challenges - -Once you've learned your brains out, put those brains to work. -Take coding challenges every day, as many as you can. - -- [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) -- [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) - -Coding Interview Question Videos: -- [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) -- [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) - - Super for walkthroughs of problem solutions. -- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 Videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) - - Good explanations of solution and the code. - - You can watch several in a short time. -- [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) - -Challenge sites: -- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) - - My favorite coding problem site. It's worth the subscription money for the 1-2 months you'll likely be preparing. - - [LeetCode solutions from FisherCoder](https://github.com/fishercoder1534/Leetcode) - - See Nick White Videos above for short code-throughs -- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) -- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) -- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) -- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) -- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) - -Language-learning sites, with challenges: -- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) -- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) -- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) -- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) -- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) - -Challenge repos: -- [Interactive Coding Interview Challenges in Python](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) +- [ ] [How to Pass the Engineering Interview in 2021](https://davidbyttow.medium.com/how-to-pass-the-engineering-interview-in-2021-45f1b389a1) +- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4: + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4.1 (Follow-up video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6790FVXWBw8&feature=youtu.be) +- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] Cracking the Facebook Coding Interview: + - [ ] [The Approach](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) + - [ ] [Problem Walkthrough](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) +- Prep Courses: + - [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - A Python centric interview prep course which covers data structures, algorithms, mock interviews and much more. + - [Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms using Python (Udacity free course)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): + - A free Python centric data structures and algorithms course. + - [Data Structures and Algorithms Nanodegree! (Udacity paid Nanodegree)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): + - Get hands-on practice with over 100 data structures and algorithm exercises and guidance from a dedicated mentor to help prepare you for interviews and on-the-job scenarios. + - [Grokking the Behavioral Interview (Educative free course)](https://www.educative.io/courses/grokking-the-behavioral-interview): + - Many times, it’s not your technical competency that holds you back from landing your dream job, it’s how you perform on the behavioral interview. + - [AlgoMonster (paid course with free content)](https://algo.monster/?utm_campaign=jwasham&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=coding-interview-university&utm_source=github): + - The crash course for LeetCode. Covers all the patterns condensed from thousands of questions. Mock Interviews: -- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/#!/) - I used this and it helped me relax for the phone screen and on-site interview. -- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - peer-to-peer model of practice interviews -- [Refdash: Mock interviews and expedited interviews](https://refdash.com/) - also help candidates fast track by skipping multiple interviews with tech companies. +- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/#!/) - میں نے اسے استعمال کیا اور اس نے مجھے فون اسکرین اور آن سائٹ انٹرویو کے لیے آرام دہ رہنے میں مدد کی +- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - پریکٹس انٹرویوز کا ہم مرتبہ ماڈل +- [interviewing.io: Practice mock interview with senior engineers](https://interviewing.io) - FAANG کے سینئر انجینئرز کے ساتھ الگورتھم/سسٹم ڈیزائن انٹرویوز، گمنام طور پر +## اپنے انٹرویو لینے والے کی طرح سوچیں۔ -## Once you're closer to the interview +انٹرویو کے تقریباً 20 سوالات کے بارے میں سوچیں جو آپ کو نیچے دیے گئے آئٹمز کی لائنوں کے ساتھ ملیں گے۔ ہر ایک کے لیے کم از کم ایک جواب دیں۔ +ایک کہانی رکھیں، نہ کہ صرف ڈیٹا، کسی ایسی چیز کے بارے میں جو آپ نے حاصل کی ہے۔ -- Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (videos): - - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) - - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) +- آپ کو یہ نوکری کیوں چاہیے؟ +- آپ نے کون سا مشکل مسئلہ حل کیا ہے؟ +- سب سے بڑے چیلنجز کا سامنا؟ +- بہترین/بدترین ڈیزائن جو آپ نے دیکھے ہیں؟ +- موجودہ مصنوعات کو بہتر بنانے کے خیالات +- آپ ایک فرد کے طور پر اور ایک ٹیم کے حصے کے طور پر بہترین کام کیسے کرتے ہیں؟ +- آپ کی کونسی مہارت یا تجربات اس کردار میں اثاثہ ہوں گے اور کیوں؟ +- آپ کو کس چیز میں سب سے زیادہ مزہ آیا [job x / project y]؟ +- سب سے بڑا چیلنج جس کا آپ نے سامنا کیا؟ +- سب سے مشکل بگ جس کا آپ نے سامنا کیا؟ +- آپ نے اس میں کیا سیکھا؟ [job x / project y]؟ +- آپ اپنے پروجیکٹ میں کیا بہتر کرتے؟ -## Your Resume +## انٹرویو لینے والے کے لیے سوالات -- See Resume prep items in Cracking The Coding Interview and back of Programming Interviews Exposed +میرے کچھ (ہو سکتا ہے کہ میں پہلے سے ہی جوابات جانتا ہوں، لیکن ان کی رائے یا ٹیم کے نقطہ نظر کو سمجھنے کے لیے): +- آپ کی ٹیم کتنی بڑی ہے؟ +- آپ کا دیو سائیکل کیا ہے؟ کیا آپ واٹرفال/سپرنٹ/اجائیل کرتے ہیں؟ +- کیا ڈیڈ لائن پر جلدی کرنا عام ہے؟ یا لچک ہے؟ +- آپ کی ٹیم میں فیصلے کیسے ہوتے ہیں؟ +- آپ فی ہفتہ کتنی میٹنگز کرتے ہیں؟ +- کیا آپ محسوس کرتے ہیں کہ آپ کے کام کا ماحول آپ کو توجہ مرکوز کرنے میں مدد کرتا ہے؟ +- کس پر کام کر رہے ہو؟ +- آپ کو اس کے بارے میں کیا پسند ہے؟ +- کام کی زندگی کیسی ہے؟ +- کام/زندگی کا توازن کیسا ہے؟ -## Be thinking of for when the interview comes +## ایک بار جب آپ کو نوکری مل جائے گی -Think of about 20 interview questions you'll get, along with the lines of the items below. Have 2-3 answers for each. -Have a story, not just data, about something you accomplished. +مبارک ہو! -- Why do you want this job? -- What's a tough problem you've solved? -- Biggest challenges faced? -- Best/worst designs seen? -- Ideas for improving an existing product. -- How do you work best, as an individual and as part of a team? -- Which of your skills or experiences would be assets in the role and why? -- What did you most enjoy at [job x / project y]? -- What was the biggest challenge you faced at [job x / project y]? -- What was the hardest bug you faced at [job x / project y]? -- What did you learn at [job x / project y]? -- What would you have done better at [job x / project y]? +سیکھتے رہیں۔ -## Have questions for the interviewer - - Some of mine (I already may know answer to but want their opinion or team perspective): - -- How large is your team? -- What does your dev cycle look like? Do you do waterfall/sprints/agile? -- Are rushes to deadlines common? Or is there flexibility? -- How are decisions made in your team? -- How many meetings do you have per week? -- Do you feel your work environment helps you concentrate? -- What are you working on? -- What do you like about it? -- What is the work life like? -- How is work/life balance? - -## Once You've Got The Job - -Congratulations! - -Keep learning. - -You're never really done. +ابھی بھی بہت کچھ کرنا باقی ہے. --- ***************************************************************************************************** ***************************************************************************************************** - Everything below this point is optional. - By studying these, you'll get greater exposure to more CS concepts, and will be better prepared for - any software engineering job. You'll be a much more well-rounded software engineer. - + اس نقطہ کے نیچے ہر چیز اختیاری ہے۔ داخلہ سطح کے انٹرویو کے لیے اس کی ضرورت نہیں ہے۔ تاہم، ان کا مطالعہ کرنے سےآپ کمپیوٹر سائنس کے + مزید تصورات سے زیادہ روشناس ہوں گے،اور آپ کسی بھی سافٹ ویئر انجینئرنگ کے کام کے لیے بہتر طور پر تیار ہوں گے۔ آپ ایک اچھے سافٹ ویئر انجینئر بنیں گے۔ + ***************************************************************************************************** ***************************************************************************************************** @@ -1414,40 +1289,39 @@ You're never really done. These are here so you can dive into a topic you find interesting. - [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) - - an oldie but a goodie + - An oldie but a goodie - [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) - - a modern option + - A modern option - [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) - [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) - - a gentle introduction to design patterns + - A gentle introduction to design patterns - [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) - - aka the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF - - the canonical design patterns book -- [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 5th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0134277554/) + - AKA the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF + - The canonical design patterns book - [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) - As a review and problem recognition - - The algorithm catalog portion is well beyond the scope of difficulty you'll get in an interview. + - The algorithm catalog portion is well beyond the scope of difficulty you'll get in an interview - This book has 2 parts: - - class textbook on data structures and algorithms - - pros: - - is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be - - nice stories from his experiences solving problems in industry and academia - - code examples in C - - cons: - - can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects - - chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have - - don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material. - - algorithm catalog: - - this is the real reason you buy this book. - - about to get to this part. Will update here once I've made my way through it. - - Can rent it on kindle + - Class textbook on data structures and algorithms + - Pros: + - Is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be + - Nice stories from his experiences solving problems in industry and academia + - Code examples in C + - Cons: + - Can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects + - Chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have + - Don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material + - Algorithm catalog: + - This is the real reason you buy this book. + - This book is better as an algorithm reference, and not something you read cover to cover. + - Can rent it on Kindle - Answers: - - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) - - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [Solutions](https://web.archive.org/web/20150404194210/http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +- [Algorithm](http://jeffe.cs.illinois.edu/teaching/algorithms/) (Jeff Erickson) - [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) - - The book was published in 2004, and is somewhat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief. - - The author invented [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly), so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like. + - The book was published in 2004, and is somewhat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief + - The author invented [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly), so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like - These chapters are worth the read to give you a nice foundation: - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations @@ -1458,21 +1332,127 @@ You're never really done. - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization -- [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) - - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently. - - aka CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game - +- [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-fourth-Thomas-Cormen/dp/026204630X) + - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently + - AKA CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game - [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) - For a richer, more up-to-date (2017), but longer treatment -- [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) - - The first couple of chapters present clever solutions to programming problems (some very old using data tape) but - that is just an intro. This a guidebook on program design and architecture. +## System Design, Scalability, Data Handling + +**اگر آپ کے پاس 4+ سال کا تجربہ ہے تو آپ سسٹم ڈیزائن کے سوالات کی توقع کر سکتے ہیں۔** + +- Scalability and System Design are very large topics with many topics and resources, since + there is a lot to consider when designing a software/hardware system that can scale. + Expect to spend quite a bit of time on this +- Considerations: + - Scalability + - Distill large data sets to single values + - Transform one data set to another + - Handling obscenely large amounts of data + - System design + - features sets + - interfaces + - class hierarchies + - designing a system under certain constraints + - simplicity and robustness + - tradeoffs + - performance analysis and optimization +- [ ] **START HERE**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Interview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) +- [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) +- [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) +- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below +- [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](https://web.archive.org/web/20120716060051/http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +- [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) +- [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) +- [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) +- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem) +- [ ] [MIT 6.824: Distributed Systems, Spring 2020 (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQP8WApzIQQ&list=PLrw6a1wE39_tb2fErI4-WkMbsvGQk9_UB) +- [ ] Consensus Algorithms: + - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + - [ ] [Easy-to-read paper](https://raft.github.io/) + - [ ] [Infographic](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) +- [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) +- [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) +- [ ] Scalability: + - آپ کو ان سب کی ضرورت نہیں ہے۔ صرف چند ایک منتخب کریں جو آپ کی دلچسپی رکھتے ہیں۔ + - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] Short series: + - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) + - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) + - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/The%20Importance%20of%20Algorithms) + - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) + - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) + - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) + - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) + - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) + - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) + - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) + - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) + - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) + - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) + - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) + - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + - [ ] See "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" way below for info on some of the technologies that can glue services together + - [ ] Twitter: + - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) + - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [Video Series](#video-series) section +- [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: + - review: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - flow: + 1. سوال اور سوال کے دائرہ کار کو سمجھیں: + - انٹرویو لینے والے کی مدد سے استعمال کے معاملات کی وضاحت کریں + - اضافی خصوصیات تجویز کریں + - ایسے آئٹمز کو ہٹا دیں جن کو انٹرویو لینے والے دائرہ کار سے باہر سمجھتے ہیں + - فرض کریں کہ اعلی دستیابی کی ضرورت ہے، اضرورت کے طور پر شامل کریں + 2. پابندیوں کے بارے میں سوچو: + - پوچھیں کہ ماہانہ کتنی درخواستیں ہیں + - پوچھیں کہ فی سیکنڈ کتنی درخواستیں ہیں (وہ اسے رضاکارانہ طور پر دے سکتے ہیں یا آپ کو حساب کتاب کرنے پر مجبور کر سکتے ہیں) + - تخمینہ پڑھنا بمقابلہ لکھنا فیصد + - تخمینہ لگاتے وقت 80/20 اصول کو ذہن میں رکھیں + - فی سیکنڈ میں کتنا ڈیٹا لکھا جاتا ہے + - 5 سالوں میں کل ذخیرہ درکار ہے + - فی سیکنڈ کتنا ڈیٹا پڑھتا ہے + 3. ڈیزائن کاخلاصہ: + - پرتیں (سروس، ڈیٹا، کیشنگ) + - انفراسٹرکچر: بوجھ میں توازن، پیغام رسانی + - سروس کو چلانے والے کسی بھی کلیدی الگورتھم کا کچا جائزہ + - رکاوٹوں پر غور کریں اور حل کا تعین کریں + - Exercises: + - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) + - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) + - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + - [Design a cache system](https://web.archive.org/web/20220217064329/https://adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) ## Additional Learning - - I added them to help you become a well-rounded software engineer, and to be aware of certain - technologies and algorithms, so you'll have a bigger toolbox. + + میں نے انہیں شامل کیا تاکہ آپ کو ایک بہترین سافٹ ویئر انجینئر بننے میں مدد ملے، اور کچھ ٹیکنالوجیز اور الگورتھم سے آگاہی ہو، تاکہ آپ کے پاس ایک بڑا ٹول باکس ہو۔ - ### Compilers - [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) @@ -1499,6 +1479,8 @@ You're never really done. - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) + - [The Absolute Beginner's Guide to Emacs (video by David Wilson)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48JlgiBpw_I&t=0s) + - [The Absolute Beginner's Guide to Emacs (notes by David Wilson)](https://systemcrafters.net/emacs-essentials/absolute-beginners-guide-to-emacs/) - ### Unix command line tools - I filled in the list below from good tools. @@ -1516,11 +1498,11 @@ You're never really done. - ### Information theory (videos) - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) - - more about Markov processes: + - More about Markov processes: - [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) - [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) - [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) - - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below. + - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below - ### Parity & Hamming Code (videos) - [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) @@ -1531,19 +1513,19 @@ You're never really done. - [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) - ### Entropy - - also see videos below - - make sure to watch information theory videos first + - نیچے دی گئی ویڈیوز بھی دیکھیں + - پہلے انفارمیشن تھیوری کی ویڈیوز ضرور دیکھیں - [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) - ### Cryptography - - also see videos below - - make sure to watch information theory videos first + - نیچے دی گئی ویڈیوز بھی دیکھیں + - پہلے انفارمیشن تھیوری کی ویڈیوز ضرور دیکھیں - [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) - [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) - [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - ### Compression - - make sure to watch information theory videos first + - پہلے انفارمیشن تھیوری کی ویڈیوز ضرور دیکھیں - Computerphile (videos): - [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) - [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) @@ -1602,7 +1584,6 @@ You're never really done. - ### A* - [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) - - [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) - [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) - ### Fast Fourier Transform @@ -1623,8 +1604,8 @@ You're never really done. - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) - ### Locality-Sensitive Hashing - - used to determine the similarity of documents - - the opposite of MD5 or SHA which are used to determine if 2 documents/strings are exactly the same. + - Used to determine the similarity of documents + - The opposite of MD5 or SHA which are used to determine if 2 documents/strings are exactly the same - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) - ### van Emde Boas Trees @@ -1635,17 +1616,17 @@ You're never really done. - [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) - ### Balanced search trees - - Know at least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented): + - کم از کم ایک قسم کے بیلنسڈ بائنری ٹری کو جانیں (اور جانیں کہ اسے کیسے کوڈ کیا گیا ہے): - "Among balanced search trees, AVL and 2/3 trees are now passé, and red-black trees seem to be more popular. A particularly interesting self-organizing data structure is the splay tree, which uses rotations to move any accessed key to the root." - Skiena - Of these, I chose to implement a splay tree. From what I've read, you won't implement a balanced search tree in your interview. But I wanted exposure to coding one up - and let's face it, splay trees are the bee's knees. I did read a lot of red-black tree code. - - splay tree: insert, search, delete functions + and let's face it, splay trees are the bee's knees. I did read a lot of red-black tree code + - Splay tree: insert, search, delete functions If you end up implementing red/black tree try just these: - - search and insertion functions, skipping delete - - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets. + - Search and insertion functions, skipping delete + - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets - [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) - **AVL trees** @@ -1654,24 +1635,25 @@ You're never really done. The AVL tree is another structure supporting O(log n) search, insertion, and removal. It is more rigidly balanced than red–black trees, leading to slower insertion and removal but faster retrieval. This makes it attractive for data structures that may be built once and loaded without reconstruction, such as language - dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter). + dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter) - [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - **Splay trees** - In practice: Splay trees are typically used in the implementation of caches, memory allocators, routers, garbage collectors, data compression, ropes (replacement of string used for long text strings), in Windows NT (in the virtual memory, - networking and file system code) etc. + networking and file system code) etc - [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) - MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: - Gets very mathy, but watch the last 10 minutes for sure. - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) - **Red/black trees** - - these are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below) + - These are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below). - In practice: Red–black trees offer worst-case guarantees for insertion time, deletion time, and search time. Not only does this make them valuable in time-sensitive applications such as real-time applications, @@ -1679,11 +1661,12 @@ You're never really done. for example, many data structures used in computational geometry can be based on red–black trees, and the Completely Fair Scheduler used in current Linux kernels uses red–black trees. In the version 8 of Java, the Collection HashMap has been modified such that instead of using a LinkedList to store identical elements with poor - hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used. + hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - **2-3 search trees** - In practice: @@ -1710,12 +1693,12 @@ You're never really done. - [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) - **B-Trees** - - fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor) + - Fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor). - In Practice: B-Trees are widely used in databases. Most modern filesystems use B-trees (or Variants). In addition to its use in databases, the B-tree is also used in filesystems to allow quick random access to an arbitrary block in a particular file. The basic problem is turning the file block i address into a disk block - (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address. + (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) - [B-Tree Datastructure](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) - [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) @@ -1724,12 +1707,12 @@ You're never really done. - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees - - great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object - - a good fit for k-nearest neighbors - - [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - Great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object + - A good fit for k-nearest neighbors - [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) - ### Skip lists @@ -1768,49 +1751,24 @@ You're never really done. - [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) - ### Discrete math - - see videos below - -- ### Machine Learning - - Why ML? - - [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) - - [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) - - [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) - - [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) - - [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) - - [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) - - [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) - - [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) - - Courses: - - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) - - [videos only](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) - - see videos 12-18 for a review of linear algebra (14 and 15 are duplicates) - - [Neural Networks for Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) - - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) - - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) - - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) - - Resources: - - Books: - - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) - - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) - - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) - - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) - - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ + - [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) + - [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) + - [Discrete Mathematics By IIT Ropar NPTEL](https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/106/106106183/) --- ## Additional Detail on Some Subjects - I added these to reinforce some ideas already presented above, but didn't want to include them - above because it's just too much. It's easy to overdo it on a subject. - You want to get hired in this century, right? + میں نے ان کو پہلے سے پیش کیے گئے کچھ خیالات کو تقویت دینے کے لیے شامل کیا تھا لیکن میں انھیں اوپر شامل نہیں کرنا چاہتا تھا کیونکہ یہ کافی سے زیادہ ہے۔ کسی ایک موضوع پر اسے زیادہ کرنا آسان ہے۔ +آپ اس صدی میں ملازمت حاصل کرنا چاہتے ہیں، کیا میں ٹھیک کہہ رہا ہوں؟ - **SOLID** - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) - - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) - - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ Principle](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) @@ -1829,10 +1787,10 @@ You're never really done. - [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) - **More Dynamic Programming** (videos) - - [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) - - [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) - - [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) - - [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-cftqTcdI&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLBCUx1is2c&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TDo3r5M1LNo&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9OAOk0CUQE&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) - [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) - [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) @@ -1855,7 +1813,7 @@ You're never really done. - **String Matching** - Rabin-Karp (videos): - - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) + - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/rabin-karps-algorithm-c0Qkw) - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) @@ -1875,18 +1833,18 @@ You're never really done. - Stanford lectures on sorting: - [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - Shai Simonson: - [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) - [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) - Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: - - [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) - - [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + - [CSE373 2020 - Mergesort/Quicksort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUf-UQ3a0kg&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=8) + - [CSE373 2020 - Linear Sorting (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ksyQKmre84&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=9) + +- NAND To Tetris: [Build a Modern Computer from First Principles](https://www.coursera.org/learn/build-a-computer) ## Video Series -Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P +Sit back and enjoy. - [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) @@ -1896,14 +1854,7 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) -- [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) - -- [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) - -- [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) - -- CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) - - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) +- [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual - CSE373 2020 - Analysis of Algorithms (26 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22hwcnXIGgk&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=1) - [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) @@ -1913,8 +1864,6 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) -- ~~[UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~ - - [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDSlqjcPpoL64CJdF0Qee5oWqGS6we_Yu) - [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) @@ -1929,7 +1878,7 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) -- [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) +- [MIT 6.824: Distributed Systems, Spring 2020 (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQP8WApzIQQ&list=PLrw6a1wE39_tb2fErI4-WkMbsvGQk9_UB) - [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) @@ -1953,6 +1902,11 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) - [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) +## Algorithms implementation + +- [Multiple Algorithms implementation by Princeton University](https://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/code) + + ## Papers - [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) @@ -1963,28 +1917,20 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow? - [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) - - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) - [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) - [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution - [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) -- [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) -- [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) -- [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) - - paper not available - 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) - 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) -- [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) - [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) - [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) -- [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) - [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) -- [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) - +- More papers: [1,000 papers](https://github.com/0voice/computer_expert_paper) ## LICENSE diff --git a/translations/README-uz.md b/translations/README-uz.md index 44f456e..ed9e722 100644 --- a/translations/README-uz.md +++ b/translations/README-uz.md @@ -17,27 +17,6 @@ Asl versiyasi: [Inglizcha](../README.md)

Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University!

-

- Special thanks to: -

-
@@ -507,6 +486,7 @@ Birinchi kodizni doskada yoki qog'ozda yozing, kompyuterda emas. Og'zaki test qi - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat varaq](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) ## Ma'lumotlar tuzilmasi (Data structures) @@ -549,6 +529,7 @@ Birinchi kodizni doskada yoki qog'ozda yozing, kompyuterda emas. Og'zaki test qi - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - butun videoni ko'rmang, Node struct va xotira ajratish (memory allocation) qismlarini ko'ring - [ ] Linked List va Array(massiv)lar: @@ -580,11 +561,13 @@ Birinchi kodizni doskada yoki qog'ozda yozing, kompyuterda emas. Og'zaki test qi - ### Stack - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU) - [ ] Kodda yozmayman. Massivda stackni yaratish juda oson. - ### Queue - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] linked-list dan foydalangan holda kodda yozaman (tail pointer bilan): - enqueue(value) - qiymatni queue-ni oxiriga qo'yadi - dequeue() - queue-ni boshidagi elementni o'chirib uni qiymatini qaytaradi @@ -608,6 +591,7 @@ Birinchi kodizni doskada yoki qog'ozda yozing, kompyuterda emas. Og'zaki test qi - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) - [ ] Onlayn kurslar: - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) @@ -623,6 +607,14 @@ Birinchi kodizni doskada yoki qog'ozda yozing, kompyuterda emas. Og'zaki test qi - exists(key) - get(key) - remove(key) + +## Ma'lumotlar tuzilmasi vizualizatsiya (Data structure Visualizations) + +Animatsiya orqali ma'lumotlar tuzilmalari va algoritmlarini vizualizatsiya qilish. +Quyidagi havolada siz ma'lumotlar tuzilmasi aslida qanday ishlashini tushunib olasiz. + + - [ ] [Visualizing Algorithms](https://www.cs.usfca.edu/~galles/visualization/Algorithms.html) + - [ ] [Visualgo](https://visualgo.net/en) ## Qo'shimcha bilimlar @@ -630,6 +622,7 @@ Birinchi kodizni doskada yoki qog'ozda yozing, kompyuterda emas. Og'zaki test qi - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - [ ] [batafsil](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Kodda yozish: - binary search (tartiblangan integer massivlarida) - rekursiv binary search @@ -681,6 +674,9 @@ Birinchi kodizni doskada yoki qog'ozda yozing, kompyuterda emas. Og'zaki test qi - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - ### Binary search tree lar: BST lar - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Tahlili (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -726,6 +722,7 @@ Birinchi kodizni doskada yoki qog'ozda yozing, kompyuterda emas. Og'zaki test qi - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] max-heap ni kodda yozish: - [ ] insert - [ ] sift_up - insert operatsiyasi uchun kerak @@ -790,6 +787,14 @@ Birinchi kodizni doskada yoki qog'ozda yozing, kompyuterda emas. Og'zaki test qi - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Kodda yozish: - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) o'rtacha va eng yomon holat - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) o'rtacha @@ -852,6 +857,8 @@ Computer science da graflar bir talay masalalarni tasvirlashda ishlatiladi. Shun - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - To'liq Coursera kursi: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -1236,8 +1243,9 @@ Computer science da graflar bir talay masalalarni tasvirlashda ishlatiladi. Shun - [ ] 2-3 minutlik qisqa mavzuga oid videolar seriyasi (23 video) - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] 2-5 minutlik qisqa mavzuga oid videolar seriyasi - Michael Sambol (38 video): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] 2-5 minutlik qisqa mavzuga oid videolar seriyasi - Michael Sambol (48 video): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) @@ -1649,6 +1657,7 @@ Hech qachon tugatgan bo'lmaymiz. - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - **Splay trees** - Amalda: @@ -1673,6 +1682,7 @@ Hech qachon tugatgan bo'lmaymiz. - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - **2-3 search tree-lar** - Amalda: @@ -1711,6 +1721,7 @@ Hech qachon tugatgan bo'lmaymiz. - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - keshga e'tiborsiz B-Tree-lar haqida, juda qiziq data strukturalari - birinchi 37 minuti juda texnik, o'tkazib yuborsangiz bo'ladi (B bu bo'lak hajmi, kesh qator hajmi) + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Tree-lar diff --git a/translations/README-vi.md b/translations/README-vi.md index 4af369f..3e14a27 100644 --- a/translations/README-vi.md +++ b/translations/README-vi.md @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ Tác giả gốc: [John Washam](https://github.com/jwasham) * [Trương Đức Duy](https://github.com/duytruong) - [@dauruy](https://twitter.com/dauruy) * [Lương Đăng Hải](https://github.com/jarvisluong) - [@jarvisluong](https://twitter.com/jarvisluong) * [Hiền Vương](https://github.com/hienvd) - [@duchienvuong](https://twitter.com/duchienvuong) +* [Nguyễn Đức Đông](https://github.com/ducdongmg) Ghi chú riêng cho việc duy trì và cập nhật bản dịch tiếng Việt: @@ -23,72 +24,65 @@ Ghi chú riêng cho việc duy trì và cập nhật bản dịch tiếng Việt --- -> Ban đầu, đây chỉ là một danh sách to-do (danh sách các việc cần làm) ngắn về các chủ đề phải ôn tập của tôi, để trở thành một kỹ sư phần mềm. Nhưng rôi nó lớn dần nên như ngày nay. Sau khi đi hết con đường này, [tôi đã được tuyển vào vị trí Software Development Engineer ở Amazon](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! Bạn có lẽ không cần phải học nhiều như tôi đã học. Nhưng dù sao, mọi thứ bạn cần ở đây. +> Ban đầu, đây chỉ là một danh sách to-do (danh sách các việc cần làm) ngắn về các chủ đề phải ôn tập của tôi, để trở thành một kỹ sư phần mềm. +> Nhưng rôi nó lớn dần nên như ngày nay. Sau khi đi hết con đường này, [tôi đã được tuyển vào vị trí Software Development Engineer ở Amazon](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! +> Bạn có lẽ không cần phải học nhiều như tôi đã học. Nhưng dù sao, mọi thứ bạn cần ở đây. > -> Những chủ đề này sẽ chuẩn bị cho bạn nền tảng kiến thức vững vàng cho bất kỳ công ty phần mềm nào, bao gồm cả những gã khổng lồ như: Amazon, Facebook, Google hay Microsoft. +> I studied about 8-12 hours a day, for several months. This is my story: [Why I studied full-time for 8 months for a Google interview](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) +> +> **Lưu ý:** Bạn sẽ không cần phải học nhiều như tôi đã làm. Tôi đã lãng phí rất nhiều thời gian vào những thứ mà tôi không cần biết. Thêm thông tin về điều này ở phía dưới. Tôi sẽ giúp bạn đạt được mục tiêu mà không lãng phí thời gian quý giá của bạn. +> +> Những chủ đề này sẽ chuẩn bị cho bạn nền tảng kiến thức vững vàng cho cuộc phỏng vấn kỹ thuật tại bất kỳ công ty phần mềm nào, +> bao gồm cả những gã khổng lồ như: Amazon, Facebook, Google hay Microsoft. > > *Chúc may mắn!* ## Giới thiệu -Đây là kế hoạch học tập trong nhiều tháng của tôi, để từ một nhà phát triển web (tự học, không có bằng cấp về Khoa Học Máy Tính - KHMT) trở thành một kỹ sư phần mềm ở Google. - ![Viết code trên bảng - ảnh trích từ bộ phim Silicon Valley của HBO](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) -Danh sách dài này được trích và mở rộng từ **Ghi chú huấn luyện của Google**, vậy nên đây là những gì bạn cần biết. -Một vài mục tôi thêm vào ở cuối danh sách có thể xuất hiện trong cuộc phỏng vấn hoặc hữu ích cho việc giải quyết các bài toán về lập trình. Nhiều mục đến từ bài viết [Lấy được việc ở Google (Get that job at Google)](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)" của Steve Yegge. +Đây là kế hoạch học tập kéo dài nhiều tháng của tôi để trở thành một software engineer cho một công ty lớn. -Tôi lược bớt những gì bạn cần từ lời khuyên của Yegge. Tôi cũng chỉnh sửa lại các yêu cầu dựa trên thông tin tôi có được từ bạn bè ở Google. Danh sách này được thiết kế cho **Kỹ sư phần mềm** hoặc những ai chuyển từ phát triển web hoặc phần mềm sang _kỹ nghệ_ phần mềm (khi mà kiến thức về Khoa Học Máy Tính là bắt buộc). Nếu bạn có nhiều kinh nghiệm và muốn khẳng định nhiều năm trong đó bạn làm việc như một kỹ sư phần mềm, hãy sẵn sàng cho một buổi phỏng vấn khó hơn. [Xem thêm ở đây](https://googleyasheck.com/what-you-need-to-know-for-your-google-interview-and-what-you-dont/). +**Yêu cầu:** +* Một chút kinh nghiệm về mã hóa (biến, vòng lặp, phương thức/hàm, v.v.) +* Tính kiên nhẫn +* Thời gian -Nếu bạn có kinh nghiệm trong phát triển web hoặc ứng dụng, hãy chú ý rằng Google xem việc xây dựng phần mềm khác với web và ứng dụng thông thường. Họ yêu cầu kiến thức về Khoa Học Máy Tính. +Lưu ý rằng đây là một kế hoạch dành cho **software engineering**, không phải frontend engineering hay full-stack. Thực sự có một siêu lộ trình và khóa học cho những career path đó ngoài kia (xem https://roadmap.sh/ để biết thêm chi tiết). -Thêm vào đó, nếu bạn muốn trở thành một kỹ sư hệ thống (System Engineer), hãy học thêm từ danh sách bổ sung (mạng máy tính, bảo mật,...) +Có rất nhiều điều để học trong một chương trình Khoa học Máy tính tại trường đại học, nhưng chỉ cần biết khoảng 75% là đủ tốt cho một cuộc phỏng vấn, vì vậy đó là những gì tôi đề cập ở đây. +Để có một chương trình tự học Khoa học Máy tính hoàn chỉnh, các tài nguyên cho kế hoạch học tập của tôi đã được đưa vào Lộ trình Khoa học Máy tính của Kamran Ahmed: https://roadmap.sh/computer-science --- ## Mục lục +### Kế hoạch học tập + - [Giới thiệu?](#giới-thiệu) - [Vì sao tôi cần tài liệu này?](#vì-sao-tôi-cần-tài-liệu-này) - [Sử dụng tài liệu này như thế nào?](#sử-dụng-tài-liệu-này-như-thế-nào) - [Đừng nghĩ rằng bạn không đủ thông minh](#đừng-nghĩ-rằng-bạn-không-đủ-thông-minh) - [Về nguồn video](#về-nguồn-video) -- [Quy trình phỏng vấn & các bước chuẩn bị tổng quát](#quy-trình-phỏng-vấn--các-bước-chuẩn-bị-tổng-quát) - [Chọn ngôn ngữ lập trình cho cuộc phỏng vấn](#chọn-ngôn-ngữ-lập-trình-cho-cuộc-phỏng-vấn) -- [Danh mục sách](#danh-mục-sách) -- [Trước khi bắt đầu](#trước-khi-bắt-đầu) +- [Sách về Cấu Trúc Dữ Liệu và Thuật Toán](#sách-về-cấu-trúc-dữ-liệu-và-thuật-toán) +- [Sách Chuẩn Bị Phỏng Vấn](#sách-chuẩn-bị-phỏng-vấn) +- [Đừng phạm sai lầm của tôi](#đừng-phạm-sai-lầm-của-tôi) - [Những phần không được đề cập](#những-phần-không-được-đề-cập) -- [Kiến thức tiên quyết](#kiến-thức-tiên-quyết) - [Kế hoạch hằng ngày](#Kế-hoạch-hàng-ngày) +- [Luyện tập các câu hỏi coding](#luyện-tập-các-câu-hỏi-coding) +- [Giải bài toán lập trình](#giải-bài-toán-lập-trình) + +### Nội dung học tập + - [Độ phức tạp của thuật toán / Big-O / Phân tích tiệm cận](#độ-phức-tạp-của-thuật-toán--big-o--phân-tích-tiệm-cận) - [Cấu trúc dữ liệu](#cấu-trúc-dữ-liệu) - [Arrays](#arrays) @@ -120,35 +114,37 @@ Thêm vào đó, nếu bạn muốn trở thành một kỹ sư hệ thống (Sy - [Kiến thức bổ sung](#kiến-thức-bổ-sung) - [Đệ quy](#Đệ-quy) - [Quy hoạch động](#quy-hoạch-động) - - [Lập trình hướng đối tượng](#lập-trình-hướng-đối-tượng) - [Mẫu thiết kế](#mẫu-thiết-kế) - [Tổ hợp và Xác Suất](#tổ-hợp-và-xác-suất) - [NP, NP-Complete và thuật toán xấp xỉ gần đúng](#np-np-complete-và-thuật-toán-xấp-xỉ-gần-đúng) + - [Cách máy tính xử lý một chương trình](#Cách-máy-tính-xử-lý-một-chương-trình) - [Bộ nhớ cache](#bộ-nhớ-cache) - - [Tiến trình và tiểu trình](#tiến-trình-và-tiểu-trình) - - [Các công trình nghiên cứu](#các-công-trình-nghiên-cứu) + - [Process và Thread](#process-và-thread) - [Kiểm thử phần mềm](#kiểm-thử-phần-mềm) - - [Lập lịch](#lập-lịch) - - [Cài đặt các hàm hệ thống](#cài-đặt-các-hàm-hệ-thống) - [Tìm kiếm và xử lý chuỗi](#tìm-kiếm-và-xử-lý-chuỗi) - [Tries](#tries) - [Cách biểu diễn số thực](#cách-biểu-diễn-số-thực) - [Unicode](#unicode) - [Endianness](#endianness) -- [Mạng máy tính](#mạng-máy-tính) -- [Thiết kế hệ thống, Khả năng mở rộng, Xử lý dữ liệu](#thiết-kế-hệ-thống-khả-năng-mở-rộng-xử-lý-dữ-liệu) (Nếu bạn có hơn 4 năm kinh nghiệm) + - [Mạng máy tính](#mạng-máy-tính) - [Tống kết](#tổng-kết) -- [Thực hành các câu hỏi về lập trình](#thực-hành-các-câu-hỏi-về-lập-trình) -- [Giải bài tập lập trình](#giải-bài-tập-lập-trình) -- [Khi bạn tiến gần đến kỳ phỏng vấn](#khi-bạn-tiến-gần-đến-kỳ-phỏng-vấn) + + +### Tìm việc + - [Lý lịch (Resume) của bạn](#lý-lịch-resume-của-bạn) +- [Khi bạn tiến gần đến kỳ phỏng vấn](#khi-bạn-tiến-gần-đến-kỳ-phỏng-vấn) +- [Quy trình phỏng vấn & các bước chuẩn bị tổng quát](#quy-trình-phỏng-vấn--các-bước-chuẩn-bị-tổng-quát) - [Hãy nghĩ đến những thứ bạn sẽ được hỏi](#hãy-nghĩ-đến-những-thứ-bạn-sẽ-được-hỏi) - [Chuẩn bị câu hỏi dành cho phỏng vấn viên](#chuẩn-bị-câu-hỏi-dành-cho-phỏng-vấn-viên) - [Khi bạn được nhận việc](#khi-bạn-được-nhận-việc) ----------------- Những mục dưới đây là tuỳ chọn ---------------- +**---------------- Những mục dưới đây là tuỳ chọn ----------------** + +### Optional Extra Topics & Resources - [Sách bổ sung](#sách-bổ-sung) +- [Thiết kế hệ thống, Khả năng mở rộng, Xử lý dữ liệu](#thiết-kế-hệ-thống-khả-năng-mở-rộng-xử-lý-dữ-liệu) (Nếu bạn có hơn 4 năm kinh nghiệm) - [Học thêm](#học-thêm) - [Trình biên dịch](#trình-biên-dịch) - [Emacs và vi(m)](#emacs-và-vim) @@ -181,6 +177,7 @@ Thêm vào đó, nếu bạn muốn trở thành một kỹ sư hệ thống (Sy - [k-D Trees](#k-d-trees) - [Skip lists](#skip-lists) - [Network Flows](#network-flows) + - [Disjoint Sets & Union Find](#disjoint-sets--union-find) - [Math for Fast Processing](#math-for-fast-processing) - [Treap](#treap) - [Linear Programming](#linear-programming) @@ -188,7 +185,7 @@ Thêm vào đó, nếu bạn muốn trở thành một kỹ sư hệ thống (Sy - [Discrete math](#discrete-math) - [Machine Learning](#machine-learning) - [Go](#go) -- [Đọc thêm về một số đề tài](đọc-thêm-về-một-số-đề-tài) +- [Đọc thêm về một số đề tài](#đọc-thêm-về-một-số-đề-tài) - [Các chuỗi Video](#các-chuỗi-video) - [Các khóa học khoa học máy tính](#các-khóa-học-khoa-học-máy-tính) @@ -196,16 +193,20 @@ Thêm vào đó, nếu bạn muốn trở thành một kỹ sư hệ thống (Sy ## Vì sao tôi cần tài liệu này? -Tôi đang chuẩn bị tham gia phỏng vấn ở Google. Tôi từng làm web, xây dựng các dịch vụ và lập các công ty khởi nghiệp từ năm 1997. Tôi có bằng Kinh Tế, nhưng không có bằng Khoa Học Máy Tính. Tôi thấy sự nghiệp của mình khá thành công, nhưng như thế chưa đủ. Tôi muốn làm việc ở Google, được tham gia xử lý một hệ thống lớn; thực sự hiểu rõ về máy tính, sự hiệu quả của các thuật toán và cấu trúc dữ liệu, các ngôn ngữ lập trình cấp thấp, và chúng hoạt động cùng nhau như thế nào. Và nếu bạn không biết về cái nào trong số đó, Google sẽ không tuyển bạn. +Nếu bạn muốn làm kỹ sư phần mềm cho một công ty lớn, đây là những điều bạn phải biết. + +Nếu bạn đã bỏ lỡ cơ hội để có được bằng cử nhân khoa học máy tính, giống như tôi, điều này sẽ giúp bạn bắt kịp và tiết kiệm bốn năm cuộc đời của bạn. Khi tôi bắt đầu dự án này, tôi không phân biệt được stack và heap, không biết về Big-O, không có khái niệm gì về cây (`tree`) hay việc duyệt đồ thị (`graph traversal`). Và nếu buộc phải viết code cho một thuật toán sắp xếp, tôi đảm bảo rằng nó sẽ không chạy tốt. -Tất cả các cấu trúc dữ liệu tôi từng sử dụng đều được cài đặt sẵn trong ngôn ngữ lập trình và tôi không nhất thiết phải biết chúng làm việc như thế nào. Tôi chưa từng phải tự quản lý vùng nhớ, trừ khi một tiến trình đang chạy ném lỗi "hết bộ nhớ" (`out of memory`), và sau đó tôi phải tìm một cách giải quyết khác. Tồi từng sử dụng mảng nhiều chiều vài lần trong đời, và hàng ngàn mảng kết hợp (`associate arrays`). Nhưng thực sự tôi chưa từng tự mình xây dựng một cấu trúc dữ liệu nào. +Tất cả các cấu trúc dữ liệu tôi từng sử dụng đều được cài đặt sẵn trong ngôn ngữ lập trình và tôi không nhất thiết phải biết chúng làm việc như thế nào. Tôi chưa từng phải tự quản lý vùng nhớ, trừ khi một Process đang chạy ném lỗi "hết bộ nhớ" (`out of memory`), và sau đó tôi phải tìm một cách giải quyết khác. Tồi từng sử dụng mảng nhiều chiều vài lần trong đời, và hàng ngàn mảng kết hợp (`associate arrays`). Nhưng thực sự tôi chưa từng tự mình xây dựng một cấu trúc dữ liệu nào. -Nhưng, sau khi trải qua dự án này, tôi rất tự tin rằng mình sẽ được tuyển. Đây là một dự án dài hơi, sẽ tốn của tôi hàng tháng. Nếu bạn đã quen với nhiều nội dung trong này, bạn sẽ mất ít thời gian hơn. +Đây là một kế hoạch dài hơi, sẽ tốn của bạn vài tháng. Nếu bạn đã quen với nhiều nội dung trong này, bạn sẽ mất ít thời gian hơn. ## Sử dụng tài liệu này như thế nào? +Tất cả những gì dưới đây là một bản phác thảo, và bạn nên tiếp cận các mục theo thứ tự từ trên xuống dưới. + > Phần này được viết lại khá nhiều để thuận tiện cho các bạn tiếp cận. Dựa theo bản gốc, tác giả có vẻ như cũng đang cố hướng dẫn cho người mới dùng git. Bạn có thể bỏ qua mục này nếu đã có kiến thức về Git, Github và [Github Flavored Markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) @@ -215,24 +216,39 @@ Nếu bạn chưa biết về [git](https://git-scm.com) thì vui lòng tham kh - Tiếng Anh: [git - the simple guide](http://rogerdudler.github.io/git-guide/) - Tiếng Việt: [Sổ tay git cho người mới bắt đầu](http://rogerdudler.github.io/git-guide/index.vi.html) (Việt hóa từ nội dung với link trên) +### Nếu bạn không muốn sử dụng git + +Trên trang này, nhấp vào nút Code gần phía trên, sau đó nhấp vào "Download ZIP". Giải nén file và bạn có thể làm việc với các file văn bản. + +Nếu bạn mở trong một trình soạn thảo code hiểu markdown, bạn sẽ thấy mọi thứ được định dạng đẹp mắt. + +![Cách tải repo dưới dạng tệp zip](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/how-to-download-as-zip.png) + +### Nếu bạn muốn làm quen với git + Tiếp theo, bạn cần biết cách gắp (fork) một repo trên github: -- Tiếng Anh [Fork a repo](https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/) +1. ***Fork GitHub repo:*** `https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` bằng cách clicking vào nút Fork. + + ![Fork the GitHub repo](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/fork-button.png) + - Tiếng Việt: [Cách gắp (fork) một repo trên github](https://techynovice.wordpress.com/2017/03/19/cach-gap-fork-mot-repository-tren-github/) (Việt hoá từ nội dung với link trên) -Ok, bây giờ bạn có thể bắt đầu: +1. Clone bản fork của bạn về máy tính cá nhân. -- Fork repo này. -- Clone bản fork của bạn về máy tính cá nhân. - ``` - git clone https://github.com//coding-interview-university + ```bash + git clone https://github.com//coding-interview-university.git + cd coding-interview-university + git remote add upstream https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university.git + git remote set-url --push upstream DISABLE # để bạn không đẩy Process cá nhân của mình trở lại repo gốc ``` + - Chạy các dòng lệnh sau - Tạo một branch mới để đánh dấu tiến độ của bạn: ``` git checkout -b progress ``` -- Check các phần đã hoàn thành bằng cách thêm `x` vào giữa cặp ngoặc vuông (`[ ]`), như thế này: `[x]`. +1. Check các phần đã hoàn thành bằng cách thêm `x` vào giữa cặp ngoặc vuông (`[ ]`), như thế này: `[x]`. - Chạy `git add .` để bắt đầu lưu lại các thay đổi. - Chạy `git commit -m "commit message" `. Thay `commit message` với ghi chú của bạn cho sự thay đổi đó. - Đồng bộ thay đổi với bản fork trên Github của bạn bằng `git push origin main`. @@ -240,10 +256,11 @@ Ok, bây giờ bạn có thể bắt đầu: ## Đừng nghĩ rằng bạn không đủ thông minh -- Các kỹ sư của Google là những người xuất sắc, nhưng nhiều người vẫn cho rằng họ không đủ thông minh, mặc dù họ đang làm việc tại Google. -- [Bí mật của của Thiên Tài Lập Trình (The myth of the Genius Programmer) - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) -- [ulie Pagano: Đi một mình rất nguy hiểm - Cuộc chiến với con quái vật vô hình trong công nghệ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) -- [Hãy tin bạn có thể thay đổi](http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/dweck) +- Các kỹ sư phần mềm thành công thì thông minh, nhưng nhiều người lại tự ti rằng họ không đủ thông minh. +- Những video sau đây có thể giúp bạn vượt qua nỗi tự ti này: + - [Bí mật của của Thiên Tài Lập Trình (The myth of the Genius Programmer) - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) + - [ulie Pagano: Đi một mình rất nguy hiểm - Cuộc chiến với con quái vật vô hình trong công nghệ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) + - [Hãy tin bạn có thể thay đổi](http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/dweck) ## Về nguồn video @@ -252,27 +269,42 @@ Một vài video chỉ xem được khi bạn tham gia vào các lớp học onl Đôi khi các lớp chưa mở, và bạn phải đợi một vài tháng đến khi chúng được mở lại, do đó bạn không thể truy cập vào video được. Lynda.com thì không miễn phí. - Tôi sẽ rất cảm kích sự hỗ trợ của các bạn trong việc thêm các nguồn video miễn phí và luôn sẵn có, ví dụ như Youtube, để hỗ trợ nguồn video từ các khóa học online. - Tôi cũng rất thích xem các bài giảng của các trường đại học. - - -## Quy trình phỏng vấn & các bước chuẩn bị tổng quát - -- [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) -- [ ] [4 bước đến Google dù không có bằng cấp](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/four-steps-to-google-without-a-degree-8f381aa6bd5e#.asalo1vfx) -- [ ] [Whiteboarding (Giải toán lập trình trên bảng trắng)](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) -- [ ] [Google nghĩ thế nào về Tuyển dụng, Quản lý và Văn hóa](http://www.kpcb.com/blog/lessons-learned-how-google-thinks-about-hiring-management-and-culture) -- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: - - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) - - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) -- [ ] Làm thế nào để lấy được công việc ở Big 4: - - [ ] [Làm sao để lấy được công việc ở Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) -- [ ] [Thất bại trong cuộc phỏng vấn với Google](http://alexbowe.com/failing-at-google-interviews/) +Tôi sẽ rất cảm kích sự hỗ trợ của các bạn trong việc thêm các nguồn video miễn phí và luôn sẵn có, ví dụ như Youtube, để hỗ trợ nguồn video từ các khóa học online. +Tôi cũng rất thích xem các bài giảng của các trường đại học. ## Chọn ngôn ngữ lập trình cho cuộc phỏng vấn -Bạn có thể chọn ngôn ngữ mà bạn quen thuộc để thực hiện phần viết mã trong lúc phỏng vấn, nhưng với Google, những ngôn ngữ sau đây là thích hợp nhất: +Bạn sẽ cần phải chọn một ngôn ngữ lập trình cho các cuộc phỏng vấn lập trình mà bạn tham gia, +nhưng bạn cũng cần tìm một ngôn ngữ mà bạn có thể sử dụng để nghiên cứu các khái niệm khoa học máy tính. + +Ưu tiên là ngôn ngữ đó sẽ giống nhau, để bạn chỉ cần thành thạo một ngôn ngữ. + +### Đối với Kế Hoạch Học Tập này + +Khi tôi thực hiện kế hoạch học tập, tôi đã sử dụng 2 ngôn ngữ cho hầu hết phần này: C và Python + +* C: Ngôn ngữ bậc thấp. Cho phép bạn làm việc với con trỏ và cấp phát/giải phóng bộ nhớ, vì vậy bạn cảm nhận được cấu trúc dữ liệu + và thuật toán trong tâm can của mình. Trong các ngôn ngữ cấp cao hơn như Python hoặc Java, những điều này được ẩn đi. Trong công việc hàng ngày, điều đó thật khủng khiếp, + nhưng khi bạn đang học cách xây dựng những cấu trúc dữ liệu cấp thấp này, thật tuyệt vời khi cảm thấy gần với phần cứng. + - C có mặt ở khắp mọi nơi. Bạn sẽ thấy các ví dụ trong sách, bài giảng, video, *ở khắp mọi nơi* trong khi bạn đang học. + - [Ngôn ngữ lập trình C, Ấn bản thứ 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - Đây là một cuốn sách ngắn, nhưng nó sẽ giúp bạn hiểu rõ về ngôn ngữ C và nếu bạn thực hành một chút + bạn sẽ nhanh chóng trở nên thành thạo. Hiểu C giúp bạn hiểu cách hoạt động của chương trình và bộ nhớ. + - Bạn không cần phải đi sâu quá vào cuốn sách (hoặc thậm chí hoàn thành nó). Chỉ cần học cho đến khi bạn cảm thấy thoải mái khi đọc và viết bằng C. +* Python: Hiện đại và rất biểu cảm, tôi học nó vì nó chỉ đơn giản là rất hữu ích và cũng cho phép tôi viết ít code hơn trong một cuộc phỏng vấn. + +Đây là các khuyến nghị của tôi. Tất nhiên bạn có thể làm những gì bạn thích. + +Có thể bạn không cần, nhưng dưới đây là một số trang web để học một ngôn ngữ mới: +- [Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks) +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/for-developers/) +- [Scaler Topics (Java, C++)](https://www.scaler.com/topics/) + +### Cho Cuộc Phỏng Vấn Lập Trình của bạn + +Bạn có thể sử dụng một ngôn ngữ mà bạn quen thuộc để làm phần lập trình trong cuộc phỏng vấn, nhưng đối với các công ty lớn, những ngôn ngữ sau đây là thích hợp nhất: - C++ - Java @@ -283,25 +315,64 @@ Bạn cũng có thể sử dụng các ngôn ngữ sau đây, nhưng hãy tìm h - JavaScript - Ruby -Dù sao, bạn cũng cần phải rất quen thuộc với ngôn ngữ lập trình của mình. +Dưới đây là một bài viết mà tôi đã viết về việc chọn ngôn ngữ cho cuộc phỏng vấn: +[Chọn Một Ngôn Ngữ cho Cuộc Phỏng Vấn Lập Trình](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/). +Đây là bài viết gốc mà bài đăng của tôi dựa trên: [Chọn Một Ngôn Ngữ Lập Trình cho Cuộc Phỏng Vấn](https://web.archive.org/web/20210516054124/http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/) + +Bạn cần phải quen thuộc với ngôn ngữ và có kiến thức về nó. Xem thêm về các sự lựa chọn: -- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ -- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ -- https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-best-language-to-program-in-for-an-in-person-Google-interview +- [Chọn ngôn ngữ đúng cho cuộc phỏng vấn lập trình](http://www.byte-by-byte.com/)choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ [Xem tài liệu về các ngôn ngữ ở đây](/programming-language-resources.md) -Bạn sẽ thấy vài tài liệu về C, C++ và Python bên dưới, vì tôi đang học chúng. Ngoài ra còn có một vài đầu sách nữa, xem ở cuối. +## Sách về Cấu Trúc Dữ Liệu và Thuật Toán +Cuốn sách này sẽ tạo nền tảng cho khoa học máy tính của bạn. -## Danh mục sách +Chỉ cần chọn một cuốn, bằng một ngôn ngữ mà bạn quen thuộc. Bạn sẽ đọc và code rất nhiều. -Đây là danh sách rút gọn từ những gì mà tôi đọc, để tiết kiệm thời gian cho bạn. (xem bên dưới). +### C +- [Algorithms in C, Parts 1-5 (Bundle), 3rd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-5-Bundle-Fundamentals/dp/0201756080) + - Cơ bản, Cấu trúc dữ liệu, Sắp xếp, Tìm kiếm, và Thuật toán đồ thị +### Python -### Chuẩn bị phỏng vấn +- [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - của Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - Tôi thích cuốn này. Nó bao gồm mọi thứ cần thiết và hơn thế nữa. + - Pythonic code (code theo đúng phong cách Python) + - Cảm nhận của tôi: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ + +### Java + +Lựa chọn ở bạn: + +- Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) +- Sedgewick và Wayne: + - [Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - Khóa học Coursera miễn phí bao gồm cuốn sách (do các tác giả giảng dạy!): + - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +### C++ + +Lựa chọn ở bạn: + +- Goodrich, Tamassia, and Mount + - [Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, 2nd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/0470383275) +- Sedgewick và Wayne + - [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) + - [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) + +## Sách chuẩn bị phỏng vấn + +Bạn không cần phải mua nhiều sách như thế này. Thực sự "Cracking the Coding Interview" có lẽ đã đủ, +nhưng tôi đã mua thêm để tạo thêm cơ hội thực hành cho bản thân. Nhưng tôi luôn luôn làm quá mức. + +Tôi đã mua cả hai. Chúng đã cho tôi rất nhiều bài tập thực hành. - [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4nd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) @@ -314,125 +385,16 @@ Bạn sẽ thấy vài tài liệu về C, C++ và Python bên dưới, vì tôi - Được khuyến nghị trên [Google Careers site](https://www.google.com/about/careers/how-we-hire/interview/) - Nếu bạn thấy mọi người trích dẫn "The Google Resume", đó là một cuốn sách được thay thế bởi "Cracking the Coding Interview". -Nếu bạn có nhiều thời gian hơn nữa: +### Nếu bạn có nhiều thời gian hơn nữa: -- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) - - Code trên C++, rất tốt nếu bạn muốn sử dụng C++ làm ngôn ngữ chính cho cuộc phỏng vấn. - - Một quyển sách hay về giải quyết vấn đề nói chung. +Chọn 1: +- [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) -### Kiến trúc máy tính - -Nếu không có nhiều thời gian: - -- [ ] [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) - - Quyển này được xuất bản năm 2004, phần nào đã lỗi thời, nhưng nó vẫn là một tài liệu tuyệt vời để tìm hiểu về máy tính một cách ngắn gọn. -   - Tác giả phát minh ra HLA (High Level Assembly), vậy nên hãy hãy chú ý một chút về các ví dụ và định nghĩa trong sách. Tuy không được sử dụng rộng rãi, nhưng đó là một ví dụ hiện đại về hợp ngữ. - - Những chương này rất đáng đọc để xây dựng cho bạn một nền tảng tốt (giữ nguyên gốc tiếng Anh): - - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation - - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations - - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation - - Chapter 5 - Character Representation - - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access - - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects - - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture - - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture - - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization - -Nếu bạn có nhiều thời gian (tôi đã muốn đọc quyển này): - -- [ ] [Computer Architecture, Fifth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/012383872X/) - - Dành cho người có điều kiện hơn, sách được cập nhật gần hơn (2011), đồng thời đòi hỏi nhiều thời gian hơn để thấm. - - -### Từng ngôn ngữ riêng biệt - -**Bạn phải chọn một ngôn ngữ cho cuộc phỏng vấn (xem ở trên).** Đây là các khuyến nghị của tôi. Tôi không có tài liệu cho tất cả các ngôn ngữ lập trình, vậy nên, đóng góp từ bạn luôn được chào đón. -Nếu bạn muốn đọc xuyên suốt một trong những quyển sách này, bạn nên có kiến thức về cấu trúc dữ liệu và giải thuật. Bạn cũng nên luyện tập giải toán lập trình. - -**Bạn có thể bỏ qua bài giảng video trong project này**, trừ khi bạn muốn tự đánh giá lại kiến thức của mình. - -[Đây là tài liệu ngôn ngữ lập trình bổ sung.](/programming-language-resources.md) - - -### C++ - -Tôi chưa đọc 2 cuốn này, nhưng chúng được đánh giá cao, và được viết bởi Sedgewick. Giáo sư Sedgewick rất xuất sắc. - -- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) -- [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) - -Nếu bạn có đề xuất nào tốt hơn cho C++, hãy cho tôi biết. Tôi đang tìm một tài liệu súc tích. - - -### Java - -- [ ] [Algorithms (Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) - - Video và mục lục của sách (và Sedgewick!): - - [Algorithms I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=2) - - [Algorithms II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=3&view=50&sort=dd) - -hoặc: - -- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) - - Bởi Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - Được sử dụng làm tài liệu tham khảo cho khóa Dẫn nhập vào khoa học máy tính của UC Berkeley -   - Hãy xem mục sách của tôi bên dưới cho phiên bản Python. Cuốn sách này cũng bao phủ các chủ đề đó. - - -### Python - -- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) - - Bởi Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - Tôi thích cuốn này. Nó bao phủ mọi thứ cần thiết và hơn thế nữa. - - Pythonic code (code theo đúng phong cách Python) - - Báo cáo đọc sách mới toanh của tôi: https://googleyasheck.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ - - -### Sách tùy chọn - -**Một vài người đề xuất mấy quyển này, nhưng tôi nghĩ chúng là quá nặng, trừ khi bạn có nhiều kinh nghiệm với kỹ nghệ phần mềm và đang mong đợi một cuộc phỏng vấn khó hơn nhiều:** - - -- [ ] [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) - - Như một tài liệu ôn tập và hỗ trợ nhận dạng vấn đề. - - Danh mục thuật toán thật sự vượt xa độ khó của một cuộc phỏng vấn. - - Cuốn sách có 2 phần: - - Giáo trình về cấu trúc dữ liệu và giải thuật: - - Ưu: - - Là một bài tổng quát tốt tương đương với các giáo trình khác. - - Nhiều câu chuyện thú vị từ kinh nghiệm của tác giả trong việc giải quyết các vấn đề thực tế và trong giới học thuật. - - Code mẫu bằng C. - - Nhược: - - Cô đặc và có thể khó hiểu ngang với CLRS, và trong một số chủ đề, CLRS có thể là một tài liệu tốt hơn để tham khảo. - - Các chương 7, 8, 9 có thể rất vất vả để theo được, vì một vài phần không được giải thích rõ, hoặc là yêu cầu nhiều não hơn những gì tôi có. - - Đừng hiểu lầm: Tôi thích Skiena, cách dạy học và phong các của ông ấy, nhưng tôi có lẽ không đủ khả năng để tốt nghiệp ở Stony Brook (nơi Skiena giảng dạy). - - Danh mục thuật toán: - - Đây là phần chính yếu mà bạn mua được từ quyển sách. - - Sắp đến được phần này rồi. Tôi sẽ cập nhật một khi tôi xong với nó. - - Trích dẫn từ Yegge: "Hơn hẳn những quyến sách khác, cuốn này giúp tôi hiểu rõ các bài toán về Graph phổ biến một cách đáng kinh ngạc và quan trọng như thế nào - chúng nên là một phần trong các công cụ của bất kỳ lập trình viên nào. Quyển sách đồng thời cũng bao phủ các cấu trúc dữ liệu cơ bản, các thuật toán sắp xếp. Đó là một điểm cộng. Nhưng phần quý giá thật sự nằm ở nửa sau, chính là bách khoa toàn thư ngắn gọn về hàng triệu bài toán hữu dụng và vô số cách để giải quyết chúng, trình bày sơ lược. Mỗi trang đều có một hình minh họa, giúp người đọc dễ ghi nhớ hơn. Đó là một cách tốt đề định dạng và phân loại các bài toán". - - Có thể thuê quyển sách này trên Kindle - - Half.com là một trang hữu dụng để tìm sách với giá tốt. - - Câu trả lời cho các bài tập trong sách: - - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) - - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) - - [Danh mục lỗi của sách](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) - - -- [ ] [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) -   - **Chú ý:** Đọc cuốn này chỉ có một ít giá trị. Đây là một tổng hợp xuất sắc về giải thuật và cấu trúc dữ liệu, nhưng nó không dạy cho bạn cách viết code xuất sắc. Để làm một lập trình viên giỏi, bạn đồng thời phải có khả năng phát triển một giải pháp một cách hiệu quả nữa. - - Trích lời Yegge: "Nhưng nếu bạn muốn đến với buổi phỏng vấn một cách có chuẩn bị, vậy hãy hoãn đơn xin ứng tuyển lại cho đến khi bạn hoàn tất quyển sách này" - - Half.com là một trang hữu dụng để tìm sách với giá tốt. - - Đôi được gọi là CLR, hoặc là CLRS (trích chữ cái đầu trong tên của các tác giả), vì Stein (một trong 4 tác giả, S trong CLRS) nhập cuộc trễ - -- [ ] [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) - - Vài chương đầu trình bày những giải pháp thông minh để giải quyết các vấn đề lập trình (một số đã rất cũ, từ thời người ta còn sử dụng băng từ). Nhưng, đó chỉ là phần mở đầu. đây là một quyển sách về thiết kế và cấu trúc phần mềm, giống như Code Complete, nhưng ngắn hơn nhiều. - -- ~~"Algorithms and Programming: Problems and Solutions" by Shen~~ - - Sách tạm được, nhưng sau khi làm việc với các bài toán trong vài trang, tôi thấy nhức đầu với ngôn ngữ Pascal, do-while loop, mảng bắt đầu với số 1 (thay vì 0 như Java, C, C++, ...), và một vài thông tin không rõ ràng. - - Lẽ ra nên dành thời gian để giải toán từ các quyển sách khác hoặc làm toán lập trình online. - -## Trước khi bắt đầu +## Đừng phạm sai lầm của tôi Danh sách này ngày càng dài theo năm tháng và tôi phải thừa nhận là nó ngoài tầm kiểm soát. @@ -446,19 +408,27 @@ Hãy đọc để tránh phạm phải sai lầm tương tự: [Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://googleyasheck.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) -### 2. Sử dụng thẻ ghi nhớ +### 2. Sử dụng flash card -Để giải quyết vấn đề, tôi đã viết 1 trang web nhỏ về thẻ ghi nhớ để thêm các thẻ mới với 2 dạng chính: kiến thức chung và code. +Để giải quyết vấn đề, tôi đã viết 1 trang web nhỏ về flash card để thêm các thẻ mới với 2 dạng chính: kiến thức chung và code. Mỗi loại có định dạng riêng. Tôi đã làm một trang mobile-first (lấy mobile là trọng tâm phát triển trang web) để có thể xem trên điện thoại và máy tính bảng, ở bất cứ đâu. Tự tạo cho mình hoàn toàn miễn phí: -- [Repo của trang thẻ ghi nhớ](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [Cơ sở dữ liệu thẻ ghi nhớ của tôi](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): Lưu ý là tôi có đi hơi xa và các thẻ ghi nhớ có thể bao gồm cả hợp ngữ (ngôn ngữ máy) và Python cho đến cả máy học (machine learning) và thống kê. Như thế là quá nhiều cho các yêu cầu từ Google. +- [Repo của flash card site](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -**Ghi chú dành cho các thẻ ghi nhớ:** Lần đầu tiên bạn nhận ra bạn biết câu trả lời, đừng đánh dấu là đã biết.Bạn phải xem thẻ tương tự và đưa ra câu trả lời chính xác vài lần trước khi bạn thực sự khẳng định đã nắm được vấn đề. Lặp đi lặp lại việc này sẽ giúp kiến thức được khắc sâu vào não bạn. +**TÔI KHÔNG KHUYẾN NGHỊ sử dụng bộ flash card của tôi.** Có quá nhiều và hầu hết chúng là những thông tin vặt không cần thiết. + +Nhưng nếu bạn không muốn nghe lời tôi, đây là những gì bạn cần: +- [Cơ sở dữ liệu flash card của tôi (1200 thẻ)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [Cơ sở dữ liệu flash card của tôi (quá nhiều - 1800 thẻ)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): + +Hãy nhớ rằng tôi đã làm quá mức và các flash card có thể bao gồm cả assembly (ngôn ngữ máy) và Python cho đến cả máy học (machine learning) và thống kê. +Như thế là quá nhiều so với những gì cần thiết. + +**Ghi chú dành cho các flash card:** Lần đầu tiên bạn nhận ra bạn biết câu trả lời, đừng đánh dấu là đã biết.Bạn phải xem thẻ tương tự và đưa ra câu trả lời chính xác vài lần trước khi bạn thực sự khẳng định đã nắm được vấn đề. Lặp đi lặp lại việc này sẽ giúp kiến thức được khắc sâu vào não bạn. Có thể thay thế thẻ ghi nhớ với [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), đây là ứng dụng mà bạn sẽ thấy tôi khuyến khích sử dụng rất nhiều lần. Nó sử dụng một hệ thống lặp để giúp bạn có thể ghi nhớ được kiến thức. @@ -466,103 +436,156 @@ Có thể thay thế thẻ ghi nhớ với [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), đây l Cơ sở dữ liệu thẻ ghi nhớ của tôi tuân theo chuẩn định dạng của Anki: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (cảm ơn [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) -### 3. Xem đi xem lại và xem lại nữa +Một số sinh viên đã đề cập đến vấn đề định dạng với khoảng trắng có thể được sửa bằng cách thực hiện như sau: mở bộ thẻ, chỉnh sửa thẻ, nhấp vào thẻ, chọn nút "styling", và thêm "white-space: pre;" vào class thẻ. Tôi giữ một danh sách xem nhanh các mã của ASCII, OSI stack, định nghĩa về Big-O, và nhiều hơn nữa. Tôi đọc bất cứ khi nào rảnh rỗi. Khi gặp vấn đề trong lúc code, nghỉ ngơi chừng nửa giờ và đọc lại các thẻ ghi nhớ. +### 3. Làm Câu Hỏi Phỏng Vấn Lập Trình Trong Khi Bạn Đang Học + +ĐIỀU NÀY RẤT QUAN TRỌNG. + +Bắt đầu làm câu hỏi phỏng vấn lập trình trong khi bạn đang học cấu trúc dữ liệu và thuật toán. + +Bạn cần áp dụng những gì bạn đang học để giải quyết vấn đề, nếu không bạn sẽ quên. Tôi đã mắc phải lỗi này. + +Một khi bạn đã học một chủ đề, và cảm thấy khá quen thuộc với nó, ví dụ, **danh sách liên kết**: +1. Mở một trong những [Sách chuẩn bị phỏng vấn](#sách-chuẩn-bị-phỏng-vấn) (hoặc trang web về vấn đề lập trình, được liệt kê dưới đây) +1. Làm 2 hoặc 3 câu hỏi liên quan đến danh sách liên kết. +1. Chuyển sang chủ đề học tiếp theo. +1. Sau đó, quay lại và làm thêm 2 hoặc 3 vấn đề về danh sách liên kết. +1. Làm như vậy với mỗi chủ đề mới bạn học. + +**Tiếp tục làm các vấn đề trong khi bạn đang học tất cả những điều này, không phải sau này.** + +Bạn không được tuyển dụng vì kiến thức, mà là cách bạn áp dụng kiến thức. + +Có rất nhiều nguồn lực cho điều này, được liệt kê dưới đây. Hãy tiếp tục. + ### 4. Tập trung -Có rất nhiều thứ lấy đi sự tập trung của ta, việc này tốn rất nhiều thời gian. Tập trung và toàn tâm toàn ý rất khó. - +Có rất nhiều thứ lấy đi sự tập trung của ta, việc này tốn rất nhiều thời gian. Tập trung và toàn tâm toàn ý rất khó. Bật vài bản nhạc không lời và bạn có thể tập trung hơn. ## Những phần không được đề cập +Có vài công nghệ đang thịnh hành nhưng không được đề cập đến, ví dụ: -Danh sách lớn này bắt đầu như một bản To-do lược trích từ Huấn luyện phỏng vấn cho Google. Có vài công nghệ đang thịnh hành nhưng không được đề cập đến, ví dụ: - -- SQL - Javascript - HTML, CSS, và các công nghệ thiết kế giao diện người dùng ("front-end"). +- SQL ## Kế hoạch hàng ngày -Một vài môn học chỉ mất một ngày, vài môn khác có thể mất nhiều ngày. Có vài môn chỉ có thể học thôi chứ không cài đặt được gì. +Khóa học này bao gồm rất nhiều chủ đề. Mỗi chủ đề có thể mất của bạn vài ngày, hoặc thậm chí hơn một tuần. Điều này phụ thuộc vào lịch trình của bạn. -Mỗi ngày tôi sẽ chọn một trong các thứ liệt kê bên dưới, xem video bải giảng về nó, và viết mã trên: -- C - luyện tập sử dụng `struct` và các hàm nhận các `struct` đó cùng với các tham số khác. -- C++ - không sử dụng các kiểu dữ liệu, cấu trúc sẵn có. -- C++ - sử dụng các kiểu, cấu trúc sẵn có, ví dụ như `std::list` cho danh sách liên kết. -- Python - sử dụng kiểu, cấu trúc sẵn có (để luyện tập Python). -- Viết test (thuật ngữ dành cho các đoạn mã chuyên để kiểm tra phần mềm, ở đây tác giả có lẽ muốn đề cập đến [unit test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_testing)) để chắc rằng tôi làm đúng. Đôi khi có thể chỉ là vài hàm `assert()` đơn giản. -- Bạn có thể thực hành với Java hoặc ngôn ngữ khác. Đây chỉ là sự lựa chọn của tôi. - -Bạn không cần luyện tất cả các ngôn ngữ đó. Chỉ cần [một ngôn ngữ cho cuộc phỏng vấn là đủ](#chọn-ngôn-ngữ-lập-trình-cho-cuộc-phỏng-vấn). - -Tại sao lại viết mã với tất cả các ngôn ngữ đó? - -- Luyện tập, luyện tập, luyện tập, cho đến khi tôi phát bệnh với việc đó, và có thể giải các bài toán mà không gặp trục trặc gì (một vài bài toán có thể có nhiều trường hợp đặc biệt, hãy lưu lại các lần sai lầm đề ghi nhớ) -- Tôi muốn làm việc với các sức ép căn bản nhất (xin cấp phát/ giải phóng vùng nhớ, không sử dụng trợ giúp từ bộ dọn rác trong các ngôn ngữ câp cao, ngọai trừ Python) -- Học cách vận dụng kiểu dữ liệu sẵn có, nhờ đó, tôi có kinh nghiệm nhiều hơn và biết cách dùng chúng trong thực tế (sẽ không bao giờ bỏ thời gian ra tự thiết kế danh sách liên kết của riêng mình nữa). - -Tôi có lẽ không đủ thời gian để thử hết tất cả các bước trên với từng chủ đề, nhưng tôi sẽ cố. - -Bạn có thể xem code của tôi ở các trang sau: +Mỗi ngày, hãy chọn chủ đề tiếp theo trong danh sách, xem một số video về chủ đề đó, sau đó viết code về +cấu trúc dữ liệu hoặc thuật toán đó bằng ngôn ngữ bạn đã chọn cho khóa học này. +Bạn có thể xem code của tôi tại đây: - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) -Bạn không cần phải ghi nhớ cặn kẽ từ giải thuật. +Bạn không cần phải ghi nhớ mọi thuật toán. Bạn chỉ cần hiểu đủ để có thể viết cài đặt của riêng bạn. -Hãy viết code trên bảng đen hoặc trên giấy. Đừng sử dụng máy tính. Chạy thử trên giấy với vài bộ dữ liệu mẫu, sau đó chạy thử thuật toán của bạn trên một máy tính. +## Luyện tập các câu hỏi coding + Tại sao cái này lại ở đây? Tôi chưa sẵn sàng để phỏng vấn. -## Kiến thức tiên quyết +[Then go back and read this.](#3-làm-câu-hỏi-phỏng-vấn-lập-trình-trong-khi-bạn-đang-học) -- [ ] **Học C** - - C có ở khắp nơi. Bạn sẽ thấy các ví dụ trong sách, bài giảng, video, bất kỳ đâu mà bạn học. - - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) - - Sách ngắn, nhưng nó sẽ cho bạn một nền tảng tốt về C, và nếu bạn luyện tập nhiều hơn, bạn sẽ nhanh chóng thành thạo nó. Hiểu về C giúp bạn hiểu cách các chương trình và bộ nhớ hoạt động. - - [Lời giải cho các câu hỏi](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) +Lý do bạn cần thực hành giải các bài toán lập trình: +- Nhận diện vấn đề, lựa chọn cấu trúc dữ liệu và thuật toán phù hợp +- Xác định các yêu cầu của vấn đề +- Trình bày cách suy nghĩ của bạn như thể bạn đang trong buổi phỏng vấn +- Lập trình trên bảng trắng hoặc trên giấy, không phải với máy tính +- Đưa ra được tính toán độ phức tạp về thời gian và không gian thực thi của giải pháp của bạn (xem Big-O phía dưới) +- Kiểm tra giải pháp của bạn -- [ ] **Máy tính thực thi một chương trình như thế nào?** - - [ ] [CPU thực thi chương trình thế nào (How does CPU execute program) - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) - - [ ] [Tập lệnh mã máy (Machine Code Instructions) - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2XQgpbTNE) +Có một lời giới thiệu tuyệt vời về việc giải quyết vấn đề một cách có phương pháp và giao tiếp trong một cuộc phỏng vấn. +Bạn cũng sẽ nhận được điều này từ các sách phỏng vấn lập trình, nhưng tôi thấy điều này xuất sắc:: +[Thuật toán thiết kế canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) + +Viết code trên bảng trắng hoặc giấy, không phải máy tính. Kiểm tra với một số đầu vào mẫu. Sau đó gõ nó và kiểm tra nó trên máy tính. + +Nếu bạn không có bảng trắng ở nhà, hãy mua một tờ giấy vẽ lớn từ cửa hàng mỹ thuật. Bạn có thể ngồi trên ghế sofa và thực hành. +Đây là "bảng trắng sofa" của tôi. Tôi đã thêm bút vào ảnh chỉ để đo lường. Nếu bạn sử dụng bút, bạn sẽ ước gì mình có thể tẩy. +Nhanh chóng trở nên lộn xộn. **Tôi sử dụng 1 chiếc bút chì và 1 cục gôm.** + +![bảng trắng sofa của tôi](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) + +**Việc luyện tập giải các bài toán lập trình không phải là việc học thuộc lòng các câu trả lời cho các vấn đề lập trình.** + +## Giải bài toán lập trình + +Đừng quên các sách phỏng vấn lập trình quan trọng của bạn [ở đây](#sách-chuẩn-bị-phỏng-vấn). + +Giải quyết vấn đề: +- [Cách tìm ra một giải pháp](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/How%20To%20Find%20a%20Solution) +- [Cách phân tích một bài toán Topcoder](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/How%20To%20Dissect%20a%20Topcoder%20Problem%20Statement%20Content) + +Video Câu Hỏi Phỏng Vấn Lập Trình: +- [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - Super for walkthroughs of problem solutions +- [Nick White - Giải pháp LeetCode (187 Videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - Giải thích tốt về giải pháp và code + - Bạn có thể xem nhiều video trong một thời gian ngắn +- [FisherCoder - Giải pháp LeetCode](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) + +Trang web Thử thách/Thực hành: +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) + - Trang web bài toán lập trình yêu thích của tôi. Đáng giá số tiền đăng ký cho 1-2 tháng bạn có thể chuẩn bị. + - Xem video của Nick White và FisherCoder ở trên để xem hướng dẫn code. +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [Codeforces](https://codeforces.com/) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/explore/?page=1) +- [AlgoExpert](https://www.algoexpert.io/product) + - Được tạo bởi các kỹ sư của Google, đây cũng là một nguồn tài nguyên tuyệt vời để trau dồi kỹ năng của bạn. +- [Project Euler](https://projecteuler.net/) + - Rất tập trung vào toán học và không thực sự phù hợp với các cuộc phỏng vấn viết code + +## Bắt Đầu Nào + +Được rồi, nói đủ nhiều rồi, hãy cùng học nào! + +Nhưng đừng quên làm các bài toán lập trình ở phía trên trong khi bạn đang học! ## Độ phức tạp của thuật toán / Big-O / Phân tích tiệm cận -- Link được giữ nguyên theo bản tiếng Anh + +- Ở đây không có gì phải code, bạn chỉ xem video và ghi chép thôi! +- Có rất nhiều video. Chỉ cần xem đủ cho đến khi bạn hiểu nó. Bạn luôn có thể quay lại và kiểm tra kiến thức. +- Đừng lo lắng nếu bạn không hiểu hết phép toán đằng sau nó. +- Bạn chỉ cần hiểu cách thể hiện độ phức tạp của một thuật toán bằng Big-O. - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) - [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) - [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [ ] Skiena: - - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [slides](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) -- [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) -- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/59) -- [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/61) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://youtu.be/VIS4YDpuP98) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://youtu.be/ca3e7UVmeUc) +- [ ] [Skiena (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1mkCe3kVUA) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) - [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/63) - [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): - - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Computational%20Complexity%20part%20one) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Computational%20Complexity%20part%20two) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +- [ ] [[Review] Analyzing Algorithms (playlist) in 18 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZMxejjIyFHWa-4nKg6sdoIv) +Ồ, chắc cũng đủ rồi. - Nếu một vài bài học quá chuyên sâu về toán, bạn có thể nhảy cóc tới các bài toán riêng lẻ để có kiến thức toàn diện hơn. +Khi bạn đọc "Cracking the Coding Interview", có một chương về điều này, và cuối chương có một bài kiểm tra để xem +nếu bạn có thể xác định độ phức tạp thời gian chạy của các thuật toán khác nhau. Đó là một bài ôn tập và kiểm tra tuyệt vời. ## Cấu trúc dữ liệu - ### Arrays - - Cấp phát mảng vector tự động tùy biến kích cỡ. - - [ ] Miêu tả, tên gốc được giữ nguyên kèm với bản dịch sang tiếng Việt: - - [Arrays - Mảng (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) - - [UCBerkley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays - Mảng tuyến tính và mảng đa chiều(video)](https://youtu.be/Wp8oiO_CZZE?t=15m32s) - - [Dynamic Arrays - Mảng tùy biến (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) + - [ ] Về Arrays: + - [Arrays CS50 Harvard University](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tI_tIZFyKBw&t=3009s) + - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/arrays-OsBSF) + - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays - Mảng tuyến tính và mảng đa chiều(video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (Start watching from 15m 32s) + - [Dynamic Arrays - Mảng tùy biến (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/dynamic-arrays-EwbnV) - [Jagged Arrays - Mảng trong mảng (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) - [ ] Cấp phát vector (Mảng có thể thay đổi với khả năng tự điều chỉnh kích cỡ): - [ ] Tập sử dụng mảng và con trỏ, dùng phép toán con trỏ để nhảy tới một chỉ mục (index) thay vì sử dụng chỉ mục. @@ -590,15 +613,18 @@ Hãy viết code trên bảng đen hoặc trên giấy. Đừng sử dụng máy - Liên tục trong bộ nhớ, giúp cải thiện hiệu suất - Không gian cần thiết = (Kích cỡ của mảng, thường >= n)* kích thước của 1 phần tử, cho dù là 2n, vẫn xem như O(n) -- ### Linked Lists +- ### Danh sách liên kết (Linked Lists) - [ ] Miêu tả: - - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists - Danh sách liên kết (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists - Danh sách liên kết (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) + - [ ] [Linked Lists CS50 Harvard University](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2T-A_GFuoTo&t=650s) - this builds the intuition. + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [[Review] Linked lists in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/F8AbOfQwl1c) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - Không cần xem toàn bộ video, chỉ phần cấu trúc Node và cấp phát vùng nhớ. - [ ] Danh sách liên kết so sánh với Mảng: - - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays - Danh sách liên kết Vs Mảng (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) - - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays - Trong thực tế, Danh sách liên kết Vs Mảng (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays - Danh sách liên kết Vs Mảng (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9) + - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays - Trong thực tế, Danh sách liên kết Vs Mảng (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd) - [ ] [Why you should avoid linked lists - Tại sao bạn nên tránh danh sách liên kết(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) - [ ] Ghi chú: Bạn cần kiến thức về con trỏ trỏ về con trỏ: (Khi bạn chuyển một con trỏ vào trong 1 thân hàm khiến thay đổi địa chỉ mà con trỏ trỏ về) @@ -624,12 +650,14 @@ Hãy viết code trên bảng đen hoặc trên giấy. Đừng sử dụng máy - Không cần phải cài đặt - ### Stack - - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ) + - [ ] [[Review] Stacks in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/KcT3aVgrrpU)   - [ ] Sẽ không cài đặt. Cài đặt với mảng là điều hiển nhiên. - ### Queue - - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) + - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [[Review] Queues in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/D6gu-_tmEpQ) - [ ] Cài đặt sử dụng danh sách liên kết, áp dụng con trỏ đuôi: - enqueue(value) - Thêm giá trị ở đuôi - dequeue() - Trả về giá trị của dữ liệu được thêm vào xa nhất (thông thường là dữ liệu đầu tiên trong danh sách) @@ -651,15 +679,19 @@ Hãy viết code trên bảng đen hoặc trên giấy. Đừng sử dụng máy - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [PyCon 2017: The Dictionary Even Mightier (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [[Review] Hash tables in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8) + - [ ] Các khóa học online: - - [ ] [Core Hash Tables - Cơ bản về bảng băm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) - - [ ] [Data Structures - Cấu trúc dữ liệu (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) - - [ ] [Phone Book Problem - Vấn đề sổ điện thoại (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) - - [ ] Phân phối bảng băm: - - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox - Tải nhanh và tối ưu lưu trữ trong Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) - - [Distributed Hash Tables - Phân phối bảng băm(video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables - Cơ bản về bảng băm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) + - [ ] [Data Structures - Cấu trúc dữ liệu (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4) + - [ ] [Phone Book Problem - Vấn đề sổ điện thoại (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/phone-book-problem-NYZZP) + - [ ] distributed hash tables: + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox - Tải nhanh và tối ưu lưu trữ trong Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox-DvaIb) + - [Distributed Hash Tables - Phân phối bảng băm(video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/distributed-hash-tables-tvH8H) + - [ ] Cài đặt với mảng sử dụng thăm dò tuyến tính: - hash(k, m) - m là kích thước của bảng băm - add(key, value) - nếu khóa đã tồn tại, cập nhật giá trị @@ -667,12 +699,13 @@ Hãy viết code trên bảng đen hoặc trên giấy. Đừng sử dụng máy - get(key) - remove(key) - ## Kiến thức ngoài - ### Tìm kiếm nhị phân - [ ] [Tìm kiếm nhị phân (Binary Search) - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Tìm kiếm nhị phân - Khan Academy (Binary Search) - video](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - - [ ] [giải thích chi tiết](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [giải thích chi tiết](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Binary%20Search) + - [ ] [blueprint](https://leetcode.com/discuss/general-discussion/786126/python-powerful-ultimate-binary-search-template-solved-many-problems) + - [ ] [[Review] Binary search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/fDKIpRe8GW4) - [ ] Cài đặt: - Tìm kiếm nhị phân (trên mảng số nguyên đã sắp xếp) - Tìm kiếm nhị phân sử dụng đệ quy @@ -689,6 +722,7 @@ Hãy viết code trên bảng đen hoặc trên giấy. Đừng sử dụng máy - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] [Practice Operations](https://pconrad.github.io/old_pconrad_cs16/topics/bitOps/) - [ ] Phần bù 2 và phần bù 1 (2s and 1s complement) - [Nhị phân: Cộng và trừ (Tại sao chúng ta sử dụng phần bù 2) - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) - [Phần bù 1 (1s Complement)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) @@ -697,45 +731,38 @@ Hãy viết code trên bảng đen hoặc trên giấy. Đừng sử dụng máy - [4 cách đê đếm các bit trong một byte - video](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) - [Đếm bit](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) - [Làm thế nào để đếm số lượng các bit 1 trong một số 32 bit](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) - - [ ] Làm tròn đến lũy thừa gần nhất của 2: - - [Làm tròn lên lũy thừa kế tiếp của 2](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/roundUpToNextPowerOfTwo.html) - [ ] Đôi giá trị: - [Swap](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) - [ ] Giá trị tuyệt đối: - [Giá trị tuyết đối của số nguyên](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) - ## Cây - ### Cây - Ghi chú và kiến thức nền - - [ ] [Chuỗi bài giảng: Cây](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) - - Xây dựng cây cơ bản. - - Duyệt cây. - - Các thuật toán biến đổi. - - BFS - Tìm kiếm ưu tiên chiều rộng (breadth-first search) - - [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) - - Các thứ tự duyết (BFS, sử dụng `queue`) - Độ phức tạp thời gian: O(n) - Độ phức tạp không gian: tốt nhất: O(1), tệ nhất: O(n/2)=O(n) - - DFS - Tìm kiếm ưu tiên chiều sâu (depth-first search) - - [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) - - Ghi chú: - Độ phức tạp thời gian: O(n) - Độ phức tạp không gian: + - [ ] [Chuỗi bài giảng: Cây](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/trees-95qda) + - [ ] [Tree Traversal (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/tree-traversal-fr51b) + - [ ] [BFS(breadth-first search) and DFS(depth-first search) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) + - BFS - Tìm kiếm ưu tiên chiều rộng (breadth-first search): + - Các thứ tự duyệt (BFS, sử dụng queue) + - Độ phức tạp thời gian: O(n) + - Độ phức tạp không gian: tốt nhất: O(1), tệ nhất: O(n/2)=O(n) + - DFS - Tìm kiếm ưu tiên chiều sâu (depth-first search) + - Độ phức tạp thời gian: O(n) + - Độ phức tạp không gian: tốt nhất: O(log n) - trung bình: bằng chiều cao của cây tệ nhất: O(n) - - theo thứ tự (inorder) - (DFS: left, self, right) - - nhánh con trước (postorder) - (DFS: left, right, self) - - nhánh con sau (preorder) - (DFS: self, left, right) + - theo thứ tự (inorder) - (DFS: left, self, right) + - nhánh con trước (postorder) - (DFS: left, right, self) + - nhánh con sau (preorder) - (DFS: self, left, right) + - [ ] [[Review] Breadth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/HZ5YTanv5QE) + - [ ] [[Review] Depth-first search in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Urx87-NMm6c) + - [ ] [[Review] Tree Traversal (playlist) in 11 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO1JC2RgEi04nLy6D-rKk6b) - -- ### Cây tìm kiếm nhị phân +- ### Cây tìm kiếm nhị phân: BST BST: Binary search tree - cây tìm kiếm nhị phân. - [ ] [Ôn lại cây tìm kiếm nhị phân - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [Chuỗi video](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) - - Khởi đầu với bảng ký hiệu và đi xuyên suốt các ứng dụng của BST (Binary search tree). - [ ] [Dẫn nhập - video](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) - - [ ] [MIT - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76dhtgZt38A&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) - C/C++: - [ ] [Cây tìm kiếm nhị phân - Cài đặt trên C/C++ - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) - [ ] [Cài đặt BST - cấp phát bộ nhớ trên `stack` và `heap` - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) @@ -749,15 +776,15 @@ Hãy viết code trên bảng đen hoặc trên giấy. Đừng sử dụng máy - [ ] [Xác định nút tiếp theo một nút cho trước khi duyệt cây inorder (Inorder Successor in a binary search tree) - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - [ ] Cài đặt: - - [ ] `insert` // thêm giá trị vào cây + - [ ] [`insert` // thêm giá trị vào cây](https://leetcode.com/problems/insert-into-a-binary-search-tree/submissions/987660183/) - [ ] `get_node_count` // lấy số lượng nút trong cây - [ ] `print_values` // In ra gíá trị trong cây, từ nhỏ nhất đến lớn nhất - [ ] `delete_tree` // Xóa cây - [ ] `is_in_tree` // cho biết giá trị cho trước có tồn tại trong cây hay không - - [ ] `get_height` // cho biết chiều cao của cây + - [ ] [ `get_height` // cho biết chiều cao của cây(chiều cao của node đơn là 1)](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/find-the-maximum-depth-or-height-of-a-tree/) - [ ] `get_min` // cho biết giá trị nhỏ nhất trong cây - [ ] `get_max` // cho biết giá trị lớn nhất trong cây - - [ ] `is_binary_search_tree` // kiểm tra xem cây cho trước có thỏa mãn điều kiện của một BST không. + - [ ] [`is_binary_search_tree` // kiểm tra xem cây cho trước có thỏa mãn điều kiện của một BST không](https://leetcode.com/problems/validate-binary-search-tree/) - [ ] `delete_value` // xóa một giá trị trong cây - [ ] `get_successor` // Trả về phần tử cao nhất trong cây liền sau một gíá trị cho trước hoặc -1 nếu không tìm được @@ -771,12 +798,13 @@ Hãy viết code trên bảng đen hoặc trên giấy. Đừng sử dụng máy - [ ] [Các toán tử cơ bản - video](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) - [ ] [Cây nhị phân đầy đủ - video](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) - [ ] [Mã giả - video](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) - - [ ] [Heap Sort - video](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) - - [ ] [Heap Sort - coursera - video](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) - - [ ] [Xây dựng một heap - video](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) - - [ ] [MIT: Heaps và Heap Sort - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [Heap Sort - bắt đầu (video)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/heap-sort-hSzMO) + - [ ] [Xây dựng một heap - video](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/building-a-heap-dwrOS) + - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Xây dựng Heap với thời gian tuyến tính `O(n)`](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] [[Review] Heap (playlist) in 13 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNsyqgPW-DNwUeT8F8uhWc6) - [ ] Tự cài đặt max-heap: - [ ] `insert` - [ ] `sift_up` - cần thiết cho hàm `insert`. @@ -795,7 +823,7 @@ Hãy viết code trên bảng đen hoặc trên giấy. Đừng sử dụng máy - [ ] Ghi chú: - Cài đặt các thuật toán sắp xếp và với mỗi thuật toán, nắm vững độ phức tạp trong các trường hợp tốt nhất, xấu nhất và trung bình: - - Bỏ qua sắp xếp nổi bọt (bubble sort) - thực thi thảm hại - O(n^2), trừ khi n <= 16 + - Bỏ qua sắp xếp nổi bọt (bubble sort) - nó rất tệ - O(n^2), trừ khi n <= 16 - [ ] Tính ổn định của các thuật toán sắp xếp ("Sắp xếp nhanh (Quicksort) có ổn định không?") - [Tính ổn định của các thuật toán sắp xếp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) (wiki) - [Tính ổn định trong các thuật toán sắp xếp](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) (stackoverflow) @@ -805,7 +833,28 @@ Hãy viết code trên bảng đen hoặc trên giấy. Đừng sử dụng máy - Tôi không khuyến khích sắp xếp một danh sách liên kết, nhưng sắp xếp trộn (Merge Sort) có vẻ hữu dụng trong trường hợp đó. - [Sắp xếp trộn trên danh sách liên kết](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) -- Với sắp xếp vun đống (Heapsort), xem lại see cấu trúc Heap ở trên. Sắp xếp vun đống tốt, nhưng không ổn định. +- Với sắp xếp vun đống (Heapsort), xem lại cấu trúc Heap ở trên. Sắp xếp vun đống tốt, nhưng không ổn định. + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Sắp xếp trộn (Merge Sort)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/mergesort-ARWDq) + - [ ] [2. Bottom-up Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) + - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/sorting-complexity-xAltF) + - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/comparators-9FYhS) + - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/quicksort-vjvnC) + - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/selection-UQxFT) + - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/duplicate-keys-XvjPd) + - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/system-sorts-QBNZ7) + +- [ ] UC Berkeley: + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014-04-21: Radix Sort(video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_pvbBMd-3NoI) + - [ ] [Sắp xếp nổi bọt (Bubble Sort) - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - [ ] [Phân tích thuật toán sắp xếp nổi bọt (Analyzing Bubble Sort) - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) @@ -815,15 +864,23 @@ Hãy viết code trên bảng đen hoặc trên giấy. Đừng sử dụng máy - [ ] [Sắp xếp nhanh (Quicksort) - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - [ ] [Sắp xếp chọn (Selection Sort) - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] Cài đặt cho sắp xếp trộn: +- [ ] Code cho sắp xếp trộn (Merge sort): - [ ] [Sử dụng mảng đệm (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) - [ ] [Sử dụng mảng đệm (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) - [ ] [Sắp xếp tại chỗ, không dùng mảng đệm (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) -- [ ] Cài đặt cho sắp xếp nhanh: +- [ ] Cài đặt cho sắp xếp nhanh (Quick sor): - [ ] [C](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) - [ ] [Cài đặt khác dùng C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] [[Review] Sorting (playlist) in 18 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOZSbGAXAPIq1BeUf4j20pl) + - [ ] [Quick sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/Hoixgm4-P4M) + - [ ] [Heap sort in 4 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/2DmK_H7IdTo) + - [ ] [Merge sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/4VqmGXwpLqc) + - [ ] [Bubble sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA) + - [ ] [Selection sort in 3 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/g-PGLbMth_g) + - [ ] [Insertion sort in 2 minutes (video)](https://youtu.be/JU767SDMDvA) + - [ ] Bài tập cài đặt: - [ ] Sắp xếp trộn: O(n log n) trường hợp trung bình và xấu nhất - [ ] Sắp xếp nhanh O(n log n) trường hợp trung bình @@ -831,55 +888,63 @@ Hãy viết code trên bảng đen hoặc trên giấy. Đừng sử dụng máy - Với sắp xếp vun đống, xem lại cấu trúc Heap ở trên. - [ ] Không nhất thiết, nhưng tôi khuyến khích xem các phần sau: - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Sắp xếp theo cơ số (Radix Sorts) (6 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [1. Chuỗi trong Java (Strings in Java)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRzU-FWsjNU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=6) - - [ ] [2. Đếm các khóa đã được lập chỉ mục (Key Indexed Counting)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtgKYmXs62w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=5) - - [ ] [3. Sắp xếp cơ số ưu tiên chữ số thấp nhất (Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pGVq_BwPKs&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=4) - - [ ] [4. Sắp xếp cơ số ưu tiên chữ số cao nhất (Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3cYNY90R6c&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [5. 3-way Radix Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVl58kfE6i8&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53): Sắp xếp cơ số kết hợp sắp xếp nhanh, trong đó, chỉ chia mảng ban đầu thành 3 nhóm (thay vì chia theo R nhóm trong sắp xếp cơ số thông thường). - - [ ] [6. Mảng hậu tố (Suffix Arrays)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=1) - - [ ] [Sắp xếp cơ số](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) - - [ ] [Sắp xếp cơ số (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Sắp xếp theo cơ số (Radix Sorts) (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Chuỗi trong Java (Strings in Java)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) + - [ ] [2. Đếm các khóa đã được lập chỉ mục (Key Indexed Counting)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part2/key-indexed-counting-2pi1Z) + - [ ] [3. Sắp xếp cơ số ưu tiên chữ số thấp nhất (Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [4. Sắp xếp cơ số ưu tiên chữ số cao nhất (Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [5. 3-way Radix Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part2/3-way-radix-quicksort-crkd5): Sắp xếp cơ số kết hợp sắp xếp nhanh, trong đó, chỉ chia mảng ban đầu thành 3 nhóm (thay vì chia theo R nhóm trong sắp xếp cơ số thông thường). + - [ ] [6. Mảng hậu tố (Suffix Arrays)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Sắp xếp cơ số (Radix Sort)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) + - [ ] [Sắp xếp cơ số (Radix Sort)(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) - [ ] [Sắp xếp cơ số, sắp xếp đếm (Counting Sort, thực thi thời gian tuyến tính, nhưng có nhiều giới hạn đối với dự liệu)- video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [Sự ngẫu nhiên: Phép nhân ma trận, Sắp xếp nhanh và thuật toán của Freivalds - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Sắp xếp trong thời gian tuyến tính (Sorting in Linear Time) - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) -Nếu bạn muốn biết thêm chi tiết trong chủ đề này, xem qua phần "Sắp xếp" trong [Đọc thêm về một số đề tài](đọc-thêm-về-một-số-đề-tài) +Tóm lại, dưới đây là biểu đồ trực quan của [15 thuật toán sắp xếp](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg). +Nếu bạn cần thêm chi tiết về chủ đề này, xem qua phần "Sắp xếp" trong [Đọc thêm về một số đề tài](#đọc-thêm-về-một-số-đề-tài) ## Đồ thị Đồ thị có thể được sử dụng để miêu tả nhiều bài toán trong khoa học máy tính, vậy nên phần này cũng khá dài, tương đương với [Cây](#cây) và [Sắp xếp](#sắp-xếp). -- Ghi chú từ Yegge: - - Có 3 cách cơ bản để thể hiện một đồ thị trong bộ nhớ: +- Ghi chú: + - Có 4 cách cơ bản để biểu diễn một đồ thị trong bộ nhớ: - Các đối tượng (objects) và con trỏ (pointers) - - Ma trận + - ma trận kề - Danh sách kề (adjacency list) + - bản đồ kề - Hãy làm quen với mỗi cách thể hiện và nắm vững ưu, nhược của nó. - BFS và DFS - biết về độ phức tạp tính toán của chúng, ước lượng những sự được và mất khi sử dụng, và cài đặt chúng như thế nào - Khi được trao cho một bài toán, hãy thử tìm một giải thuật sử dụng đồ thị trước khi nghĩ đến các hướng giải quyết khác. +- [ ] MIT(videos): + - [ ] [Breadth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFVYVzlvk9c&t=14s&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [ ] [Depth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBfWDYSffUU&t=32s&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [ ] Các bài giảng của giáo sư Skiena, tốt để dẫn nhập: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 10 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sjk0xqWWPCc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=10) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 11 - Graph Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTwjXj81NVY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=11) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 12 - Depth First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KyordYB3BOs&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=12) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 13 - Minimum Spanning Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oolm2VnJUKw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 14 - Minimum Spanning Trees (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RktgPx0MarY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=14) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUe5DXRhyAo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=15) - [ ] Đồ thị (ôn tập và mở rộng) (tên video được giữ nguyên vì có quá nhiều thuật ngữ và viết tắt): + - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSHizBK9JD8&t=1731s&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9cVS_URPc0&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - Lecture 6 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [[Review] Shortest Path Algorithms (playlist) in 16 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZO-Y-H3xIC9DGSfVYJng9Yw) + - [ ] [[Review] Minimum Spanning Trees (playlist) in 4 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZObEi3Hf6lmyW-CBfs7nkOV) - Khóa học đầy đủ về đồ thị trên Coursera: - [ ] [Các thuật toán trên đồ thị (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) @@ -891,7 +956,7 @@ Nếu bạn muốn biết thêm chi tiết trong chủ đề này, xem qua phầ - [ ] [Hướng dẫn cài đặt thuật toán tìm đường đi A* - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) - [ ] [Thuật toán tìm đường A* (E01: giải thích thuật toán) - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) -- Tôi sẽ viết mã cài đặt: +- Tôi sẽ viết code cài đặt: - [ ] DFS với danh sách kề (đệ quy) - [ ] DFS với danh sách kề (lặp với stack) - [ ] DFS với ma trận kề (adjacency matrix) (đệ quy) @@ -922,17 +987,23 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - Đệ quy đuôi tốt hơn hay không như thế nào? - [ ] [Đệ quy đuôi là gì Tại sao nó không tốt(What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad)?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - [ ] [Đệ quy đuôi (Tail Recursion) (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) + - [ ] [5 bước đơn giản để giải quyết bất kỳ vấn đề đệ quy(video)](https://youtu.be/ngCos392W4w) + + Backtracking Blueprint: [Java](https://leetcode.com/problems/combination-sum/discuss/16502/A-general-approach-to-backtracking-questions-in-Java-(Subsets-Permutations-Combination-Sum-Palindrome-Partitioning)) + [Python](https://leetcode.com/problems/combination-sum/discuss/429538/General-Backtracking-questions-solutions-in-Python-for-reference-%3A) - ### Quy hoạch động - - Chủ đề này có thể hơi khó, và các bài toán giải được bằng quy hoạch động (Dynamic Programming - DP) phải được định nghĩa ở dạng quan hệ hồi quy, và tìm ra giải pháp quy hoạch động cũng không đơn giản. - - Tôi nghĩ rằng nên xem qua nhiều bài toán mẫu về quy hoạch động cho đến khi bạn hiểu rõ các dạng mô hình của chúng. + - Có thể bạn sẽ không gặp bất kỳ vấn đề lập trình động nào trong cuộc phỏng vấn của mình, nhưng đáng giá để nhận biết một + vấn đề có thể là ứng cử viên cho lập trình động. + - Chủ đề này có thể khá khó khăn, vì mỗi vấn đề có thể giải quyết bằng DP (Dynamic Programming) phải được định rõ là một mối quan hệ đệ quy, và việc đưa ra nó có thể khá khó khăn. + - Tôi đề nghị xem nhiều ví dụ về các vấn đề DP cho đến khi bạn có sự hiểu biết vững chắc về mô hình liên quan. - [ ] Video: - - Video của giáo sư Skiena có thể hơi khó theo kịp vì ông ấy sử dụng bảng đen để giảng bài, và chữ hơi nhỏ - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2020 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wAA0AMfcJHQ&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=18) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2020 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3A4jlHlhtA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=19) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2020 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (continued) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPnPVcZmRbE&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=20) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2020 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xPE4Wq8coQ&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=21) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2020 - Lecture 22 - Dynamic Programming and Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yh3RzqQGsyI&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=22) - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) @@ -942,11 +1013,11 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) - [ ] Coursera: - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) - - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) - - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-2/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm-PSonq) + - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm-oUEK2) - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) - - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-2/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment-UZ7o6) - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) - ### Lập trình hướng đối tượng @@ -992,12 +1063,9 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - [ ] iterator - [ ] composite - [ ] flyweight - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 1) - Patterns (video)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - [ ] [Series of videos (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) - - [ ] [Bắt đầu với thiết kế mẫu(Head First Design Patterns)](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) - - Tôi biết có một cuốn sách kinh điển là "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software" nhưng cuốn Bắt đầu với thiết kế mẫu(Head First Design Patterns là một lựa chọn tuyệt vời cho người mới bắt đầu với OO. + - [ ] [Book: Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) + - Tôi biết có một cuốn sách kinh điển là "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software" nhưng cuốn Bắt đầu với thiết kế mẫu(Head First Design Patterns) là một lựa chọn tuyệt vời cho người mới bắt đầu với OO. - [ ] [Ghi nhớ: 101 Thiết kế mẫu và lưu ý dành cho lập trình viên (Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers)](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) @@ -1013,7 +1081,7 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - ### NP, NP-Complete và thuật toán xấp xỉ gần đúng - Cần biết về các trường hợp nổi tiếng của NP-complete như chuyên du hành doanh nhân hay vấn đề túi đựng đồ nghề (traveling salesman and the knapsack problem) để có thể trả lời khi người phỏng vấn hỏi một cách ẩn ý. - - Know what NP-complete means. + - Hiểu được NP-complete nghĩa là gì. - [ ] [Tính toán độ phức tạp (Computational Complexity) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) - [ ] Simonson: - [ ] [Thuật toán tham lam và giới thiệu NP-complete (Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness) (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) @@ -1021,9 +1089,10 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - [ ] [NP Completeness III (Video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) - [ ] Skiena: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 23 - Giới thiệu về NP-Completeness (Introduction to NP-Completeness) (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 24 - Chứng mình NP-Completeness (NP-Completeness Proofs) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 25 - Thách thức với NP-Completeness (NP-Completeness Challenge) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 23 - NP-Completeness (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItHp5laE1VE&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=23) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 24 - Satisfiability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inaFJeCzGxU&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=24) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 25 - More NP-Completeness (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-bhKxjZLlc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=25) + - [ ] [CSE373 2020 - Lecture 26 - NP-Completeness Challenge (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EzetTkG_Cc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=26) - [ ] [Độ phức tạp: P, NP, NP-completeness, giảm (Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) - [ ] [Độ phức tạp: Thuật toán gần đúng (Complexity: Approximation Algorithms) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) - [ ] [Độ phức tạp: Thuật toán cố định tham số (Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) @@ -1031,6 +1100,14 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) - Trang 1048 - 1140 trong CLRS nếu bạn có nó. +- ### Cách máy tính xử lý một chương trình + + - [ ] [Cách CPU thực thi một chương trình (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + - [ ] [Cách máy tính tính toán - ALU (video)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + - [ ] [Các thanh ghi và RAM (video)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [ ] [Bộ xử lý trung tâm (CPU) (video)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [ ] [Hướng dẫn và Chương trình (video)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) + - ### Bộ nhớ cache - [ ] LRU cache: - [ ] [Điều kì diệu của LRU cache (100 ngày Google Dev) (The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev)) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) @@ -1040,16 +1117,16 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: Phân cấp bộ nhớ (The Memory Hierarchy) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Các vấn đề với bộ nhớ cache (Cache Issues) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) -- ### Tiến trình và tiểu trình +- ### Process và Thread - [ ] Khóa học "Khoa học máy tính 162 - Hệ điều hành" (25 video): - - Về tiến trình và tiểu trình, xem video 1-11 - - [Hệ điều hành và lập trình hệ thống (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) - - [Sự khác nhau giữa một tiến trình và một tiểu trình?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) + - Về Process và Thread, xem video 1-11 + - [Hệ điều hành và lập trình hệ thống (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + - [Sự khác nhau giữa một Process và một Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) - Học các chủ đề dưới đây: - - Các vấn đề của tiến trình, tiểu trình và xử lý đồng thời - - Sự khác nhau giữa tiến trình và tiểu trình - - Tiến trình - - Tiểu trình + - Các vấn đề của Process, Thread và xử lý đồng thời + - Sự khác nhau giữa Process và Thread + - Process + - Thread - Locks - Mutexes - Semaphores @@ -1059,47 +1136,24 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - Livelock - Hoạt động của CPU, ngắt, chuyển ngữ cảnh - Các kiến trúc xử lý đồng thời được sử dụng cùng với các bộ xử lý đa lõi - - Tài nguyên mà tiến trình cần: (bộ nhớ: các đoạn mã, bộ lưu trữ tĩnh, stack, heap cũng như các mô tả của tập tin, nhập/xuất) - - Tài nguyên mà tiểu trình cần: (chia sẻ các tài nguyên được liệt kê ở trên (trừ stack) với các tiểu trình khác trong cùng tiến trình nhưng mỗi tiểu trình có program counter, stack counter, thanh ghi (registers) và stack của riêng chúng) - - Forking thực ra là [copy on write](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy-on-write) cho đến khi tiến trình mới ghi vào bộ nhớ, sau đó nó thực hiện hành đồng full copy. + - [Paging, segmentation, và virtual memory (video)](https://youtu.be/O4nwUqQodAg) + - [Interrupts (video)](https://youtu.be/iKlAWIKEyuw) + - Tài nguyên mà Process cần: (bộ nhớ: các đoạn code, bộ lưu trữ tĩnh, stack, heap cũng như các mô tả của tập tin, nhập/xuất) + - Tài nguyên mà Thread cần: (chia sẻ các tài nguyên được liệt kê ở trên (trừ stack) với các Thread khác trong cùng Process nhưng mỗi Thread có program counter, stack counter, thanh ghi (registers) và stack của riêng chúng) + - Forking thực ra là [copy on write](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy-on-write) cho đến khi Process mới ghi vào bộ nhớ, sau đó nó thực hiện hành đồng full copy. - Chuyển ngữ cảnh - - Chuyển ngữ cảnh được bắt đầu như thế nào bởi hệ điều hành và phần cứng bên dưới - - [ ] [Tiểu trình trong C++ (danh sách 10 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [Chuyển ngữ cảnh được bắt đầu như thế nào bởi hệ điều hành và phần cứng bên dưới](https://www.javatpoint.com/what-is-the-context-switching-in-the-operating-system) + - [ ] [Thread trong C++ (danh sách 10 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] [CS 377 Spring '14: Operating Systems from University of Massachusetts](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLacuG5pysFbDQU8kKxbUh4K5c1iL5_k7k) - [ ] Xử lý đồng thời trong Python (video): - - [ ] [Danh sách ngắn các video về tiểu trình (Short series on threads)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) - - [ ] [Tiểu trình của Python (Python Threads)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) + - [ ] [Danh sách ngắn các video về Thread (Short series on threads)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) + - [ ] [Thread của Python (Python Threads)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) - [ ] [Hiểu rõ về Python GIL (Understanding the Python GIL (2010))](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) - [Tham khảo](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) - [ ] [David Beazley - Căn bản về xử lý đồng thời trong Python: TRỰC TIẾP! - PyCon 2015 (David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up: LIVE! - PyCon 2015)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) - [ ] [Các điểm chính trong phần trình bày của David Beazley - Các vấn đề thú vị (Python Asyncio) (Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio))](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) - [ ] [Mutex trong Python (Mutex in Python)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) -- ### Các bài nghiên cứu - - Có nhiều bài nghiên cứu của Google và các bài nghiên cứu rất nổi tiếng. - - Đọc hết các bài nghiên cứu tốn rất nhiều thời gian, tôi khuyên bạn nên chọn lọc theo đề tài cụ thể. - - [ ] [1978: Tiến trình giao tiếp tuần tự (1978: Communicating Sequential Processes)](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) - - [Triển khai với Go (implemented in Go)](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) - - [Yêu thích các nghiên cứu cũ (Love classic papers)?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) - - [ ] [2003: Hệ thống tập tin của Google (2003: The Google File System)](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) - - thay thế bởi Colossus năm 2012 - - [ ] [2004: MapReduce: Đơn giản hóa xử lý dữ liệu trên phân vùng lớn (Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters)]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) - - gần như bị thay thế bởi Cloud Dataflow? - - [ ] [2007: Những gì mà lập trình viên nên biết về bộ nhớ (rất dài, ngay cả tác giả cũng khuyến khích bỏ qua vài phần) (What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections))](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) - - [ ] [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) - - Bài nghiên cứu không tồn tại - - [ ] 2012: AddressSanitizer: Kiểm tra nhanh tính đúng đắn của địa chỉ (A Fast Address Sanity Checker): - - [Bài nghiên cứu](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) - - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) - - [ ] 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: - - [Bài nghiên cứu](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) - - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) - - [ ] [2014: Máy học: Lợi ích và những vấn đề cần tránh (Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt)](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en/pubs/archive/43790.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: Sẵn sàng cho thay đổi lớn: Xây dựng hạ tầng dữ liệu của Google dành cho quảng cáo (High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads)](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: Tensorflow: Áp dụng máy học với dữ liệu lớn trên hệ thống phân tán tính toán song song (Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems)](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) - - [ ] [2015: Lập trình viên tìm code như thế nào: Một trường hợp điển hình (How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study)](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) - - [ ] [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) - - ### Kiểm thử phần mềm - Cần ghi nhớ: - Unit test thực hiện như thế nào @@ -1110,55 +1164,45 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - [ ] [Bài giảng của James Bach về kiểm tra phần mềm (Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Lập trình hướng tới việc test( Không phải như chúng ta nghĩ) (Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant)) (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) - [slides](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) - - [ ] [Lập trình hướng tới việc test đã chết. (TDD is dead. Long live testing.)](http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html) - - [ ] [Lập trình hướng tới việc test có phải đã chết? (Is TDD dead?) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9quxZsLcfo) - - [ ] [Video series (152 videos) - Không phải tất cả đều cần thiết (not all are needed) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzJapzxH_rE&list=PLAwxTw4SYaPkWVHeC_8aSIbSxE_NXI76g) - - [ ] [Lập trình theo hướng test dành cho web với Python (Test-Driven Web Development with Python)](http://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/pages/book.html#toc) - [ ] Dependency injection: - [ ] [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) - [ ] [Đạo trong kiểm tra (Tao Of Testing)](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) - [ ] [Viết test thế nào(How to write tests)](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) -- ### Lập lịch - - Trong một hệ điều hành hoạt động như thế nào - - Có thể tìm thấy trong các video về HĐH - -- ### Cài đặt các hàm hệ thống - - Hiểu rõ cách thức hoạt động đằng sau của các API - - Có thể triển khai chúng hay không? - ### Tìm kiếm và xử lý chuỗi - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Mảng tiền tố (Suffix Arrays) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg) - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tìm và thay chuỗi (Substring Search) (videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) - - [ ] [1. Giới thiệu tìm và thay chuỗi (Introduction to Substring Search)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) - - [ ] [2. Tìm và thay chuỗi theo Brute-Force (Brute-Force Substring Search)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcDXwIGEXYU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=4) - - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-7n-FDEWzc&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) - - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7Ch6pZXfM&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=2) - - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Mảng tiền tố (Suffix Arrays) (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tìm và thay chuỗi (Substring Search) (videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. Giới thiệu tìm và thay chuỗi (Introduction to Substring Search)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part2/introduction-to-substring-search-n3ZpG) + - [ ] [2. Tìm và thay chuỗi theo Brute-Force (Brute-Force Substring Search)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) + - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) + - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) + - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part2/rabin-karp-3KiqT) - [ ] [Tìm kiếm mẫu trong văn bản (Search pattern in text) (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) - Nếu bạn cần thêm thông tin chi tiết, hãy đọc qua phần "So khớp chuỗi" trong các mục đọc thêm [Đọc thêm về một số đề tài](đọc-thêm-về-một-số-đề-tài) + Nếu bạn cần thêm thông tin chi tiết, hãy đọc qua phần "So khớp chuỗi" trong các mục đọc thêm [Đọc thêm về một số đề tài](#đọc-thêm-về-một-số-đề-tài) - ### Tries > Tries: cấu trúc dữ liệu dạng cây cho phép _chèn_ và _tìm kiếm_ một chuỗi con nhanh (`O(L)`) và một vài lợi thế khác, thích hợp cho một số dạng toán xử lý chuỗi. - Chú ý rằng có những loại _trie_ khác nhau. Một vài có tiền tố (prefix), một vài loại thì không, và một số thì sử dụng chuỗi thay vì bit để lưu trử các con đường (từ gốc đến lá). - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buq2bn8x3Vo&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LelV-kkYMIg&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ&index=1) + - Tôi đã đọc qua code, nhưng sẽ không thực hiện + + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) + - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) + - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) - - [ ] Short course videos: + - [ ] Các khóa video ngắn: - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) - - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/using-tries/) - - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Using%20Tries) + - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real-world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - ### Cách biểu diễn số thực - [ ] Dạng 8-bit đơn giản: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - có một lỗi nhỏ trong phần tính toán, xem thêm ở bên dưới video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) - - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) - ### Unicode - [ ] [Điểu tối thiểu nhất mà mọi lập trình viên bắt buộc phải biết về Unicode và các tập ký tự.]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) @@ -1168,8 +1212,8 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của > Endianness: thứ tự phiên dịch các byte của một chuỗi byte trong bộ nhớ máy tính sang dạng số (4 byte với `int` hoặc 8 byte với `double`). Ví dụ như với 2 byte `0x00` và `0x01` lưu trên bộ nhớ, đọc theo Big-Endian ta được số 1 (0x00001. Đọc theo Little-Endia ta được 256 (0x100). Xem thêm ở các đường link bên duới. - - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://www.cs.umd.edu/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) - - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Lxittle Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141940/http://www.cs.umd.edu:80/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) - Rất nặng về mặt kỹ thuật, dành cho các lập trình viên làm việc với nhân Linux (kernels). - Đừng quá bận tâm nếu phần lớn video vượt quá khả năng của bạn. Chỉ cần đoạn nửa đầu video là đủ. @@ -1177,20 +1221,205 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - ### Mạng máy tính - **Nếu bạn có kinh nghiệm với mạng máy tính hoặc muốn trở thành một kỹ sư hệ thống, sẽ có các câu hỏi về chúng** - còn nếu không, biết thêm cũng tốt - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) - - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) - - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) - - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) - - [ ] [HTTP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) - - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) - - [ ] [SSL/TLS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) - - [ ] [HTTP 2.0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) - - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) - - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/code-org/computers-and-the-internet) + - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained! (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial. (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] Sockets: + - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) +--- + +## Tổng kết + + Phần này sẽ là các video ngắn đề bạn ôn tập lại hầu hết các khái niệm quan trọng. + Cũng tốt nếu như bạn muốn bồi dưỡng thường xuyên. + +- [ ] Các video ngắn 2-3 phút (23 video) + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] Các video ngắn 2-5 phút - Michael Sambol (48 video) + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@MichaelSambol) + - [Code Examples](https://github.com/msambol/dsa) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +--- + + +## Lý lịch (Resume) của bạn + +- Xem thông tin chuẩn bị CV trong các sách: "Cracking The Coding Interview" và "Programming Interviews Exposed" +- ["Đây là những gì một CV TỐT nên có" của Gayle McDowell (tác giả của Cracking the Coding Interview)](https://www.careercup.com/resume), + - Lưu ý của tác giả: "Đây là cho một CV tập trung cho nước Mỹ. CV cho Ấn Độ và các quốc gia khác có những kỳ vọng khác nhau, mặc dù nhiều điểm sẽ giống nhau." +- ["Hướng dẫn từng bước để tạo CV" của Tech Interview Handbook](https://www.techinterviewhandbook.org/resume/guide) + - Hướng dẫn chi tiết về cách thiết lập CV của bạn từ đầu, viết nội dung CV hiệu quả, tối ưu hóa nó, và kiểm tra CV của bạn + +## Khi bạn tiến gần đến kỳ phỏng vấn + +- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview, Phần 2 (video): + - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) + - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) + + +## Quy trình phỏng vấn & các bước chuẩn bị tổng quát + +- [ ] [Cách vượt qua cuộc phỏng vấn kỹ thuật năm 2021](https://davidbyttow.medium.com/how-to-pass-the-engineering-interview-in-2021-45f1b389a1) +- [ ] [Làm rõ việc tuyển dụng kỹ thuật](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] Cách nhận việc tại Big 4: + - [ ] [Cách nhận việc tại Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) + - [ ] [Cách nhận việc tại Big 4.1 (Video tiếp theo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6790FVXWBw8&feature=youtu.be) +- [ ] Bộ Cracking The Coding Interview 1: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview với tác giả Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] Cracking the Facebook Coding Interview: + - [ ] [Phương pháp tiếp cận](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) + - [ ] [Hướng dẫn giải quyết vấn đề](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) + +- Các khóa học chuẩn bị: + - [Python cho Cấu trúc dữ liệu, Thuật toán, và Phỏng vấn (khóa học trả phí)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - Một khóa học chuẩn bị phỏng vấn tập trung vào Python, bao gồm cấu trúc dữ liệu, thuật toán, phỏng vấn giả lập, và nhiều hơn nữa. + - [Giới thiệu về Cấu trúc dữ liệu và Thuật toán sử dụng Python (khóa học miễn phí của Udacity)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): + - Một khóa học miễn phí tập trung vào Python về cấu trúc dữ liệu và thuật toán. + - [Nanodegree Cấu trúc dữ liệu và Thuật toán! (Nanodegree trả phí của Udacity)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): + - Nhận thực hành trực tiếp với hơn 100 bài tập về cấu trúc dữ liệu và thuật toán và hướng dẫn từ một người hướng dẫn chuyên dụng để giúp bạn chuẩn bị cho phỏng vấn và tình huống trong công việc. + - [Hiểu rõ Phỏng vấn Hành vi (khóa học miễn phí của Educative)](https://www.educative.io/courses/grokking-the-behavioral-interview): + - Nhiều lần, không phải năng lực kỹ thuật của bạn ngăn bạn không nhận được công việc mơ ước, mà là cách bạn thể hiện hành vi trong phỏng vấn. + - [AlgoMonster (khóa học trả phí với nội dung miễn phí)](https://algo.monster/?utm_campaign=jwasham&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=coding-interview-university&utm_source=github): + - Khóa học tóm tắt cho LeetCode. Bao gồm tất cả các mô hình được tóm gọn từ hàng nghìn câu hỏi. + +Phỏng vấn mô phỏng: +- [Gainlo.co: Người phỏng vấn mô phỏng từ các công ty lớn](http://www.gainlo.co/#!/) - Tôi đã sử dụng dịch vụ này và nó giúp tôi thư giãn cho phần phỏng vấn qua điện thoại và phỏng vấn trực tiếp +- [Pramp: Phỏng vấn mô phỏng từ/ với đồng nghiệp](https://www.pramp.com/) - một mô hình ngang hàng để thực hành phỏng vấn +- [interviewing.io: Thực hành phỏng vấn mô phỏng với các kỹ sư hàng đầu](https://interviewing.io) - phỏng vấn mô phỏng về thiết kế thuật toán/hệ thống với các kỹ sư hàng đầu từ FAANG một cách ẩn danh +- [Meetapro: Phỏng vấn mô phỏng với những người phỏng vấn hàng đầu từ FAANG](https://meetapro.com/?utm_source=ciu) - một nền tảng phỏng vấn mô phỏng/phỏng vấn theo phong cách Airbnb. +- [Hello Interview: Phỏng vấn mô phỏng với các huấn luyện viên chuyên nghiệp và AI](https://www.hellointerview.com/?utm_source=ciu) - phỏng vấn trực tiếp với AI hoặc với các kỹ sư và quản lý từ FAANG. + +## Hãy nghĩ đến những thứ bạn sẽ được hỏi + +Nghĩ sẵn 20 câu hỏi kỹ thuật bạn có thể gặp phải, cùng với danh sách bên dưới. +Chuẩn bị 2 đến 3 câu trả lời cho mỗi câu hỏi. Hãy chuẩn bị cả câu chuyện (từ chính kinh nghiệm của bạn), chứ không chỉ một câu trả lời suông. + +- Tại sao bạn lại muốn ứng tuyển vị trí này? +- Vấn đề khó chịu nhất bạn từng giải quyết là gì? +- Thử thách lớn nhất bạn từng đối mặt? +- Thiết kế (hệ thống) tốt nhất/tồi nhất bạn từng gặp? +- Những ý tưởng để cải thiện các sản phẩm hiện có. +- Bạn sẽ làm việc như thế nào để đạt hiệu quả tốt nhất, trong trường hợp làm việc một mình và làm theo team? +- Kỹ năng hay kinh nghiệm nào của bạn thích hợp cho công việc này, và tại sao? +- Bạn thích điều gì nhất ở [công việc X/ dự án Y]? +- Thách thức lớn nhất bạn từng gặp phải ở [công việc X/ dự án Y]? +- Lỗi lớn nhất bạn từng gặp phải ở [công việc X/ dự án Y]? +- Bạn học được những gì ở [công việc X/ dự án Y]? +- Những gì bạn cho rằng mình đã có thể làm tốt hơn ở [công việc X/ dự án Y]? + +## Chuẩn bị câu hỏi dành cho phỏng vấn viên + +Một vài câu hỏi của tôi (Tôi có thể đã tìm hiểu trước rồi, nhưng vẫn muốn được nghe ý kiến từ góc nhìn của người phỏng vấn): + +- Quy mô của team thế nào? +- Quy trình phát triển của bạn? Waterfall/sprints/agile? +- Áp lực deadline có phổ biến không? Liệu có sự linh hoạt nào không? +- Các quyết định của team được xây dựng như thế nào? +- Khoảng bao nhiêu cuộc họp hàng tuần? +- Bạn có cảm thấy môi trường làm việc của bạn giúp bạn tập trung không? +- Hiện tại bạn đang làm gì? +- Bạn thích gì ở công việc này? +- Cuộc sống làm việc như thế nào? +- Sự cân bằng giữa công việc và cuộc sống của bạn ra sao? + +## Khi bạn được nhận việc + +Chúc mừng! + +Hãy tiếp tục rèn luyện. + +Bạn không bao giờ thực sự học xong! + + +--- + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + + Mọi thứ dưới đây là tùy chọn. Nó không cần thiết cho một cuộc phỏng vấn ở cấp độ mới vào nghề. + Tuy nhiên, bằng cách nghiên cứu những điều này, bạn sẽ tiếp xúc nhiều hơn với các khái niệm CS và sẽ được chuẩn bị tốt hơn + cho bất kỳ công việc kỹ sư phần mềm nào. Bạn sẽ trở thành một kỹ sư phần mềm toàn diện hơn. + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + +--- + +## Sách bổ sung + + Đây là nơi bạn có thể đào sâu vào các chủ đề bạn thấy hứng thú + +- [ ] [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) + - cũ nhưng mà tốt +- [ ] [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - một sự lựa chọn hiện đại hơn +- [ ] [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) +- [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - dẫn nhập nhẹ nhàng về các mẫu thiết kế. +- [ ] [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - còn được gọi là "Sách của bộ tứ" (Gang Of Four, hoặc GOF) + - quyển sách cổ diển về mẫu thiết kế. +- [ ] [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - Như một tài liệu ôn tập và hỗ trợ nhận dạng vấn đề. + - Danh mục thuật toán thật sự vượt xa độ khó của một cuộc phỏng vấn. + - Cuốn sách có 2 phần: + - Giáo trình về cấu trúc dữ liệu và giải thuật: + - Ưu: + - Là một bài tổng quát tốt tương đương với các giáo trình khác. + - Nhiều câu chuyện thú vị từ kinh nghiệm của tác giả trong việc giải quyết các vấn đề thực tế và trong giới học thuật. + - Code mẫu bằng C. + - Nhược: + - Cô đặc và có thể khó hiểu ngang với CLRS, và trong một số chủ đề, CLRS có thể là một tài liệu tốt hơn để tham khảo. + - Các chương 7, 8, 9 có thể rất vất vả để theo được, vì một vài phần không được giải thích rõ, hoặc là yêu cầu nhiều não hơn những gì tôi có. + - Đừng hiểu lầm: Tôi thích Skiena, cách dạy học và phong các của ông ấy, nhưng tôi có lẽ không đủ khả năng để tốt nghiệp ở Stony Brook (nơi Skiena giảng dạy). + - Danh mục thuật toán: + - Đây là lý do thực sự bạn mua cuốn sách này. + - Cuốn sách này tốt hơn khi được sử dụng như một tài liệu tham khảo về thuật toán, chứ không phải là một thứ bạn đọc từ đầu đến cuối. + - Trích dẫn từ Yegge: "Hơn hẳn những quyến sách khác, cuốn này giúp tôi hiểu rõ các bài toán về Graph phổ biến một cách đáng kinh ngạc và quan trọng như thế nào - chúng nên là một phần trong các công cụ của bất kỳ lập trình viên nào. Quyển sách đồng thời cũng bao phủ các cấu trúc dữ liệu cơ bản, các thuật toán sắp xếp. Đó là một điểm cộng. Nhưng phần quý giá thật sự nằm ở nửa sau, chính là bách khoa toàn thư ngắn gọn về hàng triệu bài toán hữu dụng và vô số cách để giải quyết chúng, trình bày sơ lược. Mỗi trang đều có một hình minh họa, giúp người đọc dễ ghi nhớ hơn. Đó là một cách tốt đề định dạng và phân loại các bài toán". + - Có thể thuê quyển sách này trên Kindle + - Câu trả lời cho các bài tập trong sách: + - [Solutions](https://web.archive.org/web/20150404194210/http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +- [Algorithm](http://jeffe.cs.illinois.edu/teaching/algorithms/) (Jeff Erickson) + +- [ ] [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - Quyển này được xuất bản năm 2004, phần nào đã lỗi thời, nhưng nó vẫn là một tài liệu tuyệt vời để tìm hiểu về máy tính một cách ngắn gọn. +   - Tác giả phát minh ra HLA (High Level Assembly), vậy nên hãy hãy chú ý một chút về các ví dụ và định nghĩa trong sách. Tuy không được sử dụng rộng rãi, nhưng đó là một ví dụ hiện đại về hợp ngữ (assembly). + - Những chương này rất đáng đọc để xây dựng cho bạn một nền tảng tốt (giữ nguyên gốc tiếng Anh): + - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation + - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations + - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation + - Chapter 5 - Character Representation + - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access + - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects + - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture + - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture + - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization + +- [ ] [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-fourth-Thomas-Cormen/dp/026204630X) +   - **Chú ý:** Đọc cuốn này chỉ có một ít giá trị. Đây là một tổng hợp xuất sắc về giải thuật và cấu trúc dữ liệu, nhưng nó không dạy cho bạn cách viết code xuất sắc. Để làm một lập trình viên giỏi, bạn đồng thời phải có khả năng phát triển một giải pháp một cách hiệu quả nữa. + - Trích lời Yegge: "Nhưng nếu bạn muốn đến với buổi phỏng vấn một cách có chuẩn bị, vậy hãy hoãn đơn xin ứng tuyển lại cho đến khi bạn hoàn tất quyển sách này" + - Half.com là một trang hữu dụng để tìm sách với giá tốt. + - Đôi được gọi là CLR, hoặc là CLRS (trích chữ cái đầu trong tên của các tác giả), vì Stein (một trong 4 tác giả, S trong CLRS) nhập cuộc trễ +- [Kiến trúc Máy tính, Ấn bản thứ Sáu: Một cách tiếp cận định lượng](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + - Đối với một cách tiếp cận phong phú hơn, cập nhật hơn (2017), nhưng dài hơn ## Thiết kế hệ thống, Khả năng mở rộng, Xử lý dữ liệu + - **Bạn có thể sẽ bị hỏi câu hỏi liên quan đến thiết kế hệ thống nếu có hơn 4 năm kinh nghiệm** + - Khả năng mở rộng và Thiết kế hệ thống là các chủ đề rất rộng, với nhiều vấn đề và tài liệu liên quan, bởi vì có rất nhiều vấn đề cần phải giải quyết khi thiết kế các hệ thống phần mềm (hoặc phần cứng) có thể mở rộng được. Cần phải đầu tư một chút thời gian cho vấn đề này. - Lời khuyên từ Yegge: @@ -1206,24 +1435,27 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - Đơn giản và vững chắc - Đánh đổi (từ gốc tradeoff, chấp nhận bỏ một vài tính năng nhỏ để có được những lợi ích khác như tốc độ xử lý...) - Phân tích và tối ưu hiệu suất sử dụng -- [ ] **BÁT ĐẦU TỪ ĐÂY**: [System Design from HiredInTech - Thiết kế hệ thống bởi HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] **BÁT ĐẦU TỪ ĐÂY**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech - Thiết kế hệ thống bởi HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - [ ] [Làm thế nào để trả lời các câu hỏi liên quan tới thiết kế trong phỏng vấn kỹ thuật? (How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview)](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) -- [ ] [8 điều bạn nên biết trước khi bắt đầu một buổi phỏng vấn về Thiết kế hệ thống (8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview) ](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) -- [ ] [Thiết kế thuật toán (Algorithm design)](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) +- [ ] [8 điều bạn nên biết trước khi bắt đầu một buổi phỏng vấn về Thiết kế hệ thống (8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview) ](https://javascript.plainenglish.io/8-steps-guide-to-ace-a-system-design-interview-7a5a797f4d7d) - [ ] [Chuẩn hóa trong cơ sở dữ liệu (Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) - [ ] [Phỏng vấn về thiết kế hệ thống (System Design Interview)](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - Có rất nhiều tài liệu trong link nay. Hãy đọc qua các bài viết và các ví dụ. Tôi có liệt kê sau đây: -- [ ] [Làm thế nào để dẫn đầu trong cuộc phỏng vấn về thiết kế hệ thống (How to ace a systems design interview) ](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +- [ ] [Làm thế nào để dẫn đầu trong cuộc phỏng vấn về thiết kế hệ thống (How to ace a systems design interview) ](https://web.archive.org/web/20120716060051/http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) - [ ] [Những con số ai cũng nên biết (Numbers Everyone Should Know)](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) - [ ] [Mất bao lâu để làm một chuyển đổi ngữ cảnh? (How long does it take to make a context switch) ](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) - [ ] [Các luồng xử lý trong trung tâm dữ liệu (Transactions Across Datacenters)(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) - [ ] [Một hướng dẫn đơn giản về lý thuyết CAP (A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem)](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) -- [ ] Thuật toán đồng thuận của Paxos: - - [video ngắn](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) - - [Video mở rộng với trường hợp cụ thể và multi-paxos (extended video with use case and multi-paxos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEpsBg0AO6o) - - [Nghiên cứu](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf) -- [ ] [Băm nhất quán (Consistent Hashing)](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) +- [ ] [MIT 6.824: Distributed Systems, Spring 2020 (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQP8WApzIQQ&list=PLrw6a1wE39_tb2fErI4-WkMbsvGQk9_UB) +- [ ] Thuật toán đồng thuận: + - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + - [ ] [Easy-to-read paper](https://raft.github.io/) + - [ ] [Infographic](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) +- [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) - [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) - [ ] Khả năng mở rộng: + - Bạn không cần tất cả chúng. Chỉ cần chọn 1 vài cái bạn có hứng thú - [ ] [Tầm nhìn chung (Great overview)(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) - [ ] Các seri ngắn: - [Nhân bản (Clones)](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) @@ -1232,13 +1464,11 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - [Bất đồng bộ (Asynchronism)](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) - [ ] [Kiến trúc web và hệ thống phân tán có khả năng mở rộng (Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems)](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) - - [ ] [Pragmatic Programming Techniques](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) - - [Bổ sung: Google Pregel cho xử lý đồ thị (Google Pregel Graph Processing)](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Xây dựng hệ thống phần mềm tại Google và các bài học rút ra được (Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned)(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) - [ ] [Giới thiệu về kiến trúc hệ thống có thể mở rộng (Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale)](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) - [ ] [Mở rộng game trên di động nhắm tới khách hàng trên toàn thế giới sử dụng App Engine và Cloud Datastore (Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore)(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) - - [ ] [Sự quan trọng của thuật toán (The Importance of Algorithms)](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) + - [ ] [Sự quan trọng của thuật toán (The Importance of Algorithms)](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/The%20Importance%20of%20Algorithms) - [ ] [Chia nhỏ cơ sở dữ liệu thành từng phần nhỏ và nhanh hơn, dễ quản lý hơn (Sharding)](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) - [ ] [Khả năng mở rộng của Facebook (Scale at Facebook) - (2009)](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Scale-at-Facebook) - [ ] [Khả năng mở rộng của Facebook (2012), "Xây dựng cho cả tỷ người dùng" (Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" - )(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) @@ -1250,12 +1480,8 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) - [ ] [Cùng nhìn nhận cách Etsy mở rộng và phong cách lập trình với Jon Cowie (What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture - Điều gì đưa Amazon tới kiến trúc microservices](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) - [ ] [Nén hay không nén, đây là câu hỏi dành cho Uber (To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question)](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) - - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Get In The Queue](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) - [ ] [Trong trường hợp nào truy vấn phỏng đoán được thực thi? (When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?)](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) - - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) - - [ ] [Kiến trúc Egnyte: Kinh nghiêm từ việc xây dụng và mở rộng hệ thống phân tán lên tới Petabyte (Egnyte Architecture: Lessons Learned In Building And Scaling A Multi Petabyte Distributed System) ](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html) - - [ ] [Lập trình hướng máy học - Một cách lập trình mới trong thời đại mới (Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World)](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) - [ ] [Kỹ thuật tối ưu hình ảnh để phục vụ hàng triệu yêu cầu mỗi ngày (The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day)](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) - [ ] [Trình bày ngắn về kiến trúc Patreon (A Patreon Architecture Short)](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) - [ ] [Tinder: Làm thế nào mà một trong những hệ thống hẹn hò lớn nhất quyết định bạn sẽ nhìn thấy ai tiếp theo (Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?)](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) @@ -1268,20 +1494,17 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - [ ] [Độ trễ ảnh hưởng tới doanh thu của bạn - Làm sao để khắc phục? (Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It)](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) - [ ] [Serverless (rất dài, chỉ nền dùng file gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) - [ ] [Điều gì làm nên sức mạnh của Instagram: Hàng trăm phần tử, hàng tá các công nghệ (What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies )](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) - - [ ] [Kiến trúc Cinchcast - Tạo ra 1500 giờ âm thanh mỗi ngày (Cinchcast Architecture - Producing 1,500 Hours Of Audio Every Day)](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) - - [ ] [Kiến trúc của chương trình phát sóng video trực tiếp Justin.Tv (Justin.Tv's Live Video Broadcasting Architecture)](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) - - [ ] [Kiến trúc của game cộng đồng Playfish - 50 triệu người sử dụng hàng tháng và vẫn tiếp tục tăng (Playfish's Social Gaming Architecture - 50 Million Monthly Users And Growing)](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) - - [ ] [Kiến trúc của TripAdvisor - 40 triệu người viếng thăm, 200 triệu lượt xem, 30 Tb dữ liệu (TripAdvisor Architecture - 40M Visitors, 200M Dynamic Page Views, 30TB Data)](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) - - [ ] [Kiến trúc của PlentyOfFish (PlentyOfFish Architecture)](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) - [ ] [Kiến trúc của Salesforce - Làm thế nào để xử lý 1.3 tỷ giao dịch mỗi ngày (Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day)](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) - [ ] [Kiến trúc của ESPN khi mở rộng - Xử lý 100000 thông tin mỗi giây (ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second)](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) - [ ] Xem qua "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" phía dưới để hiểu các công nghệ có thể kết nối các dịch vụ cùng lúc thế nào. - [ ] Twitter: - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) - - Để có thêm thông tin, xem seri "Mining Massive Datasets" trong seri video. -- [ ] Thực hành thêm về thiết kế hệ thống: Sau đây là vài ý tưởng có thể thực hiện trên giấy, mỗi ý tưởng đều có tư liệu đi cùng để hiểu rõ nó thực thi thế nào trong thế giới thực. [Thiết kế hệ thống bới HiredInTech (System Design from HiredInTech)](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - Để có thêm thông tin, xem seri "Mining Massive Datasets" trong [seri video](#Các-chuỗi-Video). +- [ ] Thực hành thêm về thiết kế hệ thống: Sau đây là vài ý tưởng có thể thực hiện trên giấy, mỗi ý tưởng đều có tư liệu đi cùng để hiểu rõ nó thực thi thế nào trong thế giới thực. + - review: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [Thiết kế hệ thống bới HiredInTech (System Design from HiredInTech)](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - Các bước thực hiện: 1. Hiểu vấn đề và phạm vi của vấn đề: - Định nghĩa các trường hợp sử dụng cụ thể với sự trợ giúp từ người phỏng vấn @@ -1302,190 +1525,30 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - Cái nhìn tổng quan về thuật toán chủ chốt để chạy các dịch vụ - Đưa ra hướng giải quyết cho hiện tượng nghẽn cổ chai - Bài tập: - - [Thiết kế một mạng CDN (Content Delivery Network) (Design a CDN network: old article) ](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) - [Thiết kê một hệ thống cung cấp ID ngẫu nhiên (Design a random unique ID generation system)](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) - - [Thiết kế một hệ thống chơi bài nhiều người online (Design an online multiplayer card game)](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) - [Thiết kế một cơ sở dữ liệu khóa-giá trị (Design a key-value database)](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) - - [Thiết kế một hàm để trả về những từ khóa được tìm kiếm nhiều nhất trong thời gian gần nhất (Design a function to return the top k requests during past time interval)]( https://icmi.cs.ucsb.edu/research/tech_reports/reports/2005-23.pdf) - [Thiết kế một hệ thống chia sẻ ảnh (Design a picture sharing system) ](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) - [Thiết kế một hệ thống hổ trợ ra quyết định (Design a recommendation system)](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) - [Thiết kế một hệ thống làm ngắn URL (Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above)](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) - - [Thiết kế một hệ thống cache (Design a cache system)](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) - ---- - -## Tổng kết - - Phần này sẽ là các video ngắn đề bạn ôn tập lại hầu hết các khái niệm quan trọng. - Cũng tốt nếu như bạn muốn bồi dưỡng thường xuyên. - -- [ ] Các video ngắn 2-3 phút (23 video) - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Các video ngắn 2-5 phút - Michael Sambol (38 video) - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) - ---- - - -## Thực hành các câu hỏi về lập trình - -Bây giờ bạn đã biết tất cả các chủ đề về khoa học máy tính, đây là lúc để thực hành các câu hỏi về lập trình. - -**Thực hành trả lời các câu hỏi về lập trình không phải là ghi nhớ cách trả lời các vấn đề trong lập trình** - -Tại sao bạn cần thực hành trả lời các vấn đề lập trình: -- Nhận diện vấn đề, lựa chọn cấu trúc dữ liệu và thuật toán phù hợp -- Xác định các yêu cầu của vấn đề -- Trình bày cách suy nghĩ của bạn như thể bạn đang trong buổi phỏng vấn -- Lập trình trên bảng trắng hoặc trên giấy, không phải với máy tính -- Đưa ra được tính toán độ phức tạp về thời gian và không gian thực thi của giải pháp của bạn -- Kiểm tra giải pháp của bạn - -Dưới đây là một bài viết tuyệt vời về phương thức luận, cách kết nối giải quyết vấn đề trong một bài phỏng vấn. Bạn có thể gặp các bài viết tương tự trong các sách hướng dẫn phỏng vấn nhưng tôi cho là bài này thật sự cực kì xuất sắc: -[Thiết kế thuật toán (Algorithm design canvas)](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) - -[Các bước tôi xử lý cho các câu hỏi về lập trình trong phỏng vấn (My Process for Coding Interview (Book) Exercises)](https://googleyasheck.com/my-process-for-coding-interview-exercises/) - -Không có bảng trắng ở nhà? Cũng hợp lý chứ. Tôi có chút khác biệt và tôi có một cái bảng trắng rất to. Thay vì bảng trắng, bạn có thể chọn một tập sổ ký họa từ các cửa hàng nghệ thuật. Bạn có thể ngồi ở ghế salon và thực hành. Tôi gọi nó là "bảng trắng mềm mại". Tôi có bỏ vào cây bút để dễ ước lượng. Nếu bạn dùng bút mực, bạn sẽ mong chọn loại nào có thể tẩy được ấy, vì sớm muộn sẽ rối cả lên. - -![Bảng trắng mềm mại của tôi(my sofa whiteboard)](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/art_board_sm_2-1476233630368.jpg) - -Phụ lục: - -- [Toán học cho nhà lập trình hàng đầu (Mathematics for Topcoders)](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) -- [Quy hoạch động - Từ cơ bản đến nâng cao (Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced)](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) -- [Các tài liệu liên quan tới phỏng vấn của MIT (MIT Interview Materials)](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) - -**Đọc và làm các bài tập về lập trình (theo thứ tự sau):** - -- [ ] [Đi sâu vào các buổi phỏng vấn về lập trình: Bí mật để nhận được công việc mới (Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition)](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) - - Trả lời bằng C,C++, và Java -- [ ] [Vượt qua các bài phỏng vấn về lập trình (Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition)](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - Trả lời bằng Java - -Đọc qua [Danh sách sách phía trên](#danh-sách-sách) - - -## Giải bài tập lập trình - -Bạn nên để cho bộ não vận dụng các kiến thức đã học. Hãy thử sức với các bài toán lập trình hàng ngày, càng nhiều càng tốt. - -- [ ] [Làm thể nào để tìm lời giải](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) -- [ ] [Làm thể nào để phân tích đề bài trên TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) - -Các trang giải toán lập trình: -- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) -- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) -- [Project Euler (nặng về toán học)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) -- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) -- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) -- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) -- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) -- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) - -Xem thêm: -- [Phỏng vấn thử nghiệm](http://www.gainlo.co/#!/) - - -## Khi bạn tiến gần đến kỳ phỏng vấn - -- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview, Phần 2 (video): - - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) - - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) - - [Ask Me Anything: Gayle Laakmann McDowell (author of Cracking the Coding Interview)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fqxMuPmGak) - -## Lý lịch (Resume) của bạn - -- [10 mẹo để Resume bớt (một chút) tào lao](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.co.uk/2007_09_01_archive.html) -- Xem các phần về chuẩn bị Resume trong [Cracking The Coding Interview](https://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-Programming-Questions/dp/0984782850/) và [Programming Interviews Exposed](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Secrets-Landing/dp/1118261364) - - -## Hãy nghĩ đến những thứ bạn sẽ được hỏi - -Nghĩ sẵn 20 câu hỏi kỹ thuật bạn có thể gặp phải, cùng với danh sách bên dưới. -Chuẩn bị 2 đến 3 câu trả lời cho mỗi câu hỏi. Hãy chuẩn bị cả câu chuyện (từ chính kinh nghiệm của bạn), chứ không chỉ một câu trả lời suông. - -- Tại sao bạn lại muốn ứng tuyển vị trí này? -- Vấn đề khó chịu nhất bạn từng giải quyết là gì? -- Thử thách lớn nhất bạn từng đối mặt? -- Thiết kế (hệ thống) tốt nhất/tồi nhất bạn từng gặp? -- Những ý tưởng để cải thiện các sản phẩm hiện giờ của Google. -- Bạn sẽ làm việc như thế nào để đạt hiệu quả tốt nhất, trong trường hợp làm việc một mình và làm theo team? -- Kỹ năng hay kinh nghiệm nào của bạn thích hợp cho công việc này, và tại sao? -- Bạn thích điều gì nhất ở [công việc X/ dự án Y]? -- Lỗi gấy ức chế nhất bạn từng gặp phải ở [công việc X/ dự án Y]? -- Bạn học được những gì ở [công việc X/ dự án Y]? -- Những gì bạn cho rằng mình đã có thể làm tốt hơn ở [công việc X/ dự án Y]? - - -## Chuẩn bị câu hỏi dành cho phỏng vấn viên - - Một vài câu hỏi của tôi (Tôi có thể đã tìm hiểu trước rồi, nhưng vẫn muốn được nghe ý kiến từ góc nhìn của người phỏng vấn): - -- Quy mô của team thế nào? -- Quy trình phát triển của bạn? Waterfall/sprints/agile? -- Áp lực deadline có phổ biến không? Liệu có sự linh hoạt nào không? -- Các quyết định của team được xây dựng như thế nào? -- Khoảng bao nhiêu cuộc họp hàng tuần? -- Bạn có cho rằng môi trường làm việc giúp bạn tập trung hơn không? -- Hiện tại bạn đang xây dựng những gì? -- Bạn thích gì ở công việc này? -- Sự cân bằng giữa công việc và cuộc sống của bạn có ổn không? - -## Khi bạn được nhận việc - -Chúc mừng! - -- [10 điều tôi ước gì được biết trong ngày đầu tiên tại Google](https://medium.com/@moonstorming/10-things-i-wish-i-knew-on-my-first-day-at-google-107581d87286#.livxn7clw) - -Hãy tiếp tục rèn luyện. - -Bạn không bao giờ thực sự học xong! - - ---- - - ***************************************************************************************************** - ***************************************************************************************************** - - Học các chủ đề này sẽ giúp bạn hiểu sâu hơn về Khoa học máy tính, và sẵn sàng hơn cho bất kỳ công ty nào. - - ***************************************************************************************************** - ***************************************************************************************************** - ---- - -## Sách bổ sung - -- [ ] [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) - - cũ nhưng mà tốt -- [ ] [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) - - một sự lựa chọn hiện đại hơn -- [ ] [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) -- [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) - - dẫn nhập nhẹ nhàng về các mẫu thiết kế. -- [ ] [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) - - còn được gọi là "Sách của bộ tứ" (Gang Of Four, hoặc GOF) - - quyển sách cổ diển về mẫu thiết kế. -- [ ] [Site Reliability Engineering](https://landing.google.com/sre/book.html) - - [Site Reliability Engineering: Google chạy các hệ thống của họ như thế nào](https://landing.google.com/sre/) -- [ ] [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 5th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0134277554/) + - [Thiết kế một hệ thống cache (Design a cache system)](https://web.archive.org/web/20220217064329/https://adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) ## Học thêm > Tiêu đề của các video, các thuật ngữ cao cấp xin được giữ nguyên. Một số thuật ngữ có thể dịch được, nhưng người dịch không đủ vốn từ đề diễn đạt chúng một cách ngắn gọn như trong tiếng Anh, nên cũng xin phép cho qua. + Tôi đã thêm chúng để giúp bạn trở thành một kỹ sư phần mềm toàn diện và để bạn biết về một số + công nghệ và thuật toán, vì vậy bạn sẽ có một bộ công cụ lớn hơn. + - ### Trình biên dịch - - [ ] [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) - - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) - - [ ] [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) - - [ ] [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) + - [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) - ### Emacs và vi(m) - - Được đề xuất bởi Yegge, từ một bài đăng tuyển dụng cũ của Amazon: Phải nắm vững một trình chỉnh sửa văn bản thông dụng trên Unix. + - Phải nắm vững một trình chỉnh sửa văn bản thông dụng trên Unix. - vi(m): - - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + - [Editing With Vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) - 4 video: - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) @@ -1498,123 +1561,123 @@ Bạn không bao giờ thực sự học xong! - 3 video: - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) - - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file, and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) + - [The Absolute Beginner's Guide to Emacs (video by David Wilson)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48JlgiBpw_I&t=0s) + - [The Absolute Beginner's Guide to Emacs (notes by David Wilson)](https://systemcrafters.net/emacs-essentials/absolute-beginners-guide-to-emacs/) - ### Các công cụ chạy trên dòng lệnh của Unix - - Được đề xuất bởi Yegge, từ một bài đăng tuyển dụng cũ của Amazon. - - [ ] bash - - [ ] cat - - [ ] grep - - [ ] sed - - [ ] awk - - [ ] curl or wget - - [ ] sort - - [ ] tr - - [ ] uniq - - [ ] [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) - - [ ] [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + - bash + - cat + - grep + - sed + - awk + - curl or wget + - sort + - tr + - uniq + - [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) - ### Lý thuyết thông tin - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) - [ ] Hiểu thêm về chuỗi Markov: - - [ ] [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + - [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) - Xem thêm ở chuỗi bài từ đại học MIT 6.050J Information và Entropy bên dưới. - ### Parity & Hamming Code (videos) - - [ ] [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) - - [ ] [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) - - [ ] Hamming Code: + - [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - Hamming Code: - [Error detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) - - [ ] [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) - -- ### Entropy - - Xem các video bên dưới. - - Hãy chăc chắn đã xem qua các video đề lý thuyết thông tin trước. - - [ ] [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + - [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) - ### Mã hóa + - Xem các video bên dưới. - Hãy chăc chắn đã xem qua các video đề lý thuyết thông tin trước. - - [ ] [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) - - [ ] [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) - - [ ] [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - ### Thuật toán nén - Hãy chăc chắn đã xem qua các video đề lý thuyết thông tin trước. - [ ] Computerphile (videos): - - [ ] [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) - - [ ] [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) - - [ ] [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) - - [ ] [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) - - [ ] [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) - - [ ] [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) - - [ ] [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) - - [ ] [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) + - [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) - ### Bảo mật - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) - - [ ] [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) - - [ ] [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) - - [ ] [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - ### Trình dọn rác > Trình dọn rác (garbage collection) là một tính năng của các ngôn ngữ lập trình cấp cao, trong đó hệ thông tự động thu hồi vùng nhớ của các data (biến, đối tượng) không còn được sử dụng nữa, và cấp phát chúng cho các data mới. Trước khi có tính năng này, lập trình viên phải quản lý vùng nhớ thủ công, tự xin cấp phát và tự giải phóng. - - [ ] [Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) - - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) - - [ ] [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) + - [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) - ### Lập trình song song - - [ ] [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) - - [ ] [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + - [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [Efficient Python for High-Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) - ### Messaging, Serialization, và Queueing Systems - - [ ] [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) - - [ ] [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) - [Tutorials](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) - - [ ] [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) - - [ ] [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [Redis](http://redis.io/) - [Tutorial](http://try.redis.io/) - - [ ] [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) - - [ ] [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) - - [ ] [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) - [Get Started](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) - - [ ] [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) - - [ ] [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) - - [ ] [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) - - [ ] [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) - - [ ] [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) - - [ ] [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + - [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + +- ### A* + - [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) - ### Fast Fourier Transform - - [ ] [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) - - [ ] [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) - - [ ] [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) - - [ ] [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + - [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) - ### Bloom Filter - - Given a Bloom filter with m bits and k hashing functions, both insertion and membership testing are O(k) - - [Bloom Filters](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) - - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - Cho một bộ lọc Bloom với m bit và k hàm băm, cả việc chèn và kiểm tra thành viên đều là O(k) + - [Bloom Filters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) - [How To Write A Bloom Filter App](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) @@ -1627,34 +1690,35 @@ Bạn không bao giờ thực sự học xong! - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) - ### van Emde Boas Trees - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) - - [ ] [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + - [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) - ### Augmented Data Structures - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://youtu.be/zksIj9O8_jc?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&t=950) + - [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) - ### Balanced search trees - Biết ít nhất một dạng cây nhị phân tìm kiếm cân bằng (và biết cách cài đặt nó) - - "Trong các loại cây nhị phân cân bằng, cây AVL và 2/3 đã "ra đi", và cây đỏ-đen (red-black) có vẻ khá phỏ biến. Một dạng cây tự quản khá thú vị là _splay tree_, sử dụng phép xoay nút để chuyển bất kỳ nút nào lên trên gốc" - Skiena + - "Trong các loại cây nhị phân cân bằng, cây AVL và 2/3 đã "ra đi", và cây đỏ-đen (red-black) có vẻ khá phổ biến. Một dạng cây tự quản khá thú vị là _splay tree_, sử dụng phép xoay nút để chuyển bất kỳ nút nào lên trên gốc" - Skiena - Do đó, tôi quyết định cài đặt splay tree. Từ những gì tôi đọc được, bạn không cần phải cài đặt một cây nhị phân trong cuộc phỏng vấn. Nhưng tôi muốn chắc chắn về kiến thức của mình, và cũng phải đối diện với sự thật rằng splay tree khá khó. - splay tree: insert, search, delete functions - Nếu bạn muốn cài đặt cây đỏ-đen thì có thể thử sức các phép toán này: search and insertion functions, skipping delete - Tôi muốn học nhiều hơn về B-Tree, bởi vì nó được sử dụng rộng rãi với các tập dữ liệu rất lớn. - - [ ] [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + - [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) - [ ] **AVL trees** - Trong thực tế: Từ những gì mà tôi đọc được, chúng không được sử dụng nhiều, nhưng tôi có thể nghĩ đến vài ứng dụng: cây AVL hỗ trợ O(log n) cho tìm kiếm, chèn và xóa nút. Nó được cân bằng một cách chặt chẽ hơn so với cây đỏ-đen, dẫn đến việc chèn và xóa chậm hơn, nhưng tìm kiếm sẽ nhanh hơn. Điều đó khiến nó thích hơp với các bộ dữ liệu được xây dựng một lần và tái sử dụng nhiều lần, ví dụ như từ diển trong ngôn ngữ thông thường (hoặc các bộ từ vựng trong lập trình, biên dịch) - - [ ] [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) - - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [[Review] AVL Trees (playlist) in 19 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZOUFgdIeOPuH6cfSnNRMau-) - [ ] **Splay trees** - Trong thực tế: Splay tree được sử dụng để cài đặt cache, bộ cấp phát bộ nhớ, định tuyến, bộ dọn rác, trình nén dữ liệu, ropes (thay thế hoặc đại diện cho một chuỗi lớn), trong Windows NT (bộ nhớ ảo, mạng và hệ thống file.) - - [ ] [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Najzh1rYQTo&index=23&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) - - [ ] MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: + - [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) + - MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: - Gets very mathy, but watch the last 10 minutes for sure. - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) @@ -1662,85 +1726,95 @@ Bạn không bao giờ thực sự học xong! - Đây là một biến thể của cây 2/3 tree (xem bên dưới) - Trong thực tế: Cây Đỏ-đen đảm bảo tốc độ thực thi ok trong trường hợp xấu nhất cho các phép toán: chèn, xóa, tìm kiếm. Điều đó không chỉ khiến nó có giá trị trong các ứng dụng thời gian thực, mà còn là phần cơ bản đề xây dựng nhiều dạng cấu trúc dữ liệu nâng cao, ví dụ như, trong tính toán địa lý, nhiều cấu trúc dữ liệu được xây dựng dựa trên cây đỏ-đen, thuật toán Lập lịch tuyệt đối công bằng (Completely Fair Scheduler) sử dụng trong nhân Linux cũng dùng cây đỏ-đen. Trên Java 8, HashMap cũng được điều chỉnh lại, thay vi dùng LinkedList để chứa các phần tử giống nhau (trùng hashcode), nguời ta dùng một cây đỏ-đen. - - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) - - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - - [ ] [Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to the starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees) + - [[Review] Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin) - [ ] **2-3 search trees** - Trong thực tế: - cây 2-3 chèn nhanh hơn, nhưng tìm kiêm chậm hơn (chiều cao của cây cao hơn so với AVL) + cây 2-3 chèn nhanh hơn, nhưng tìm kiếm chậm hơn (chiều cao của cây cao hơn so với AVL) - Bạn sẽ hiếm khi sử dụng cây 2-3, vì cài đặt của chúng sử dụng các dạng nút khác nhau. Vì vậy, người ta dùng cây đỏ-đen nhiều hơn. - - [ ] [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) - - [ ] [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** - Trong thực tế: Với mỗi cây 2-4, có nhiều cây đỏ-đen tương ứng với cùng thứ tự nút. Phép chèn và xóa trên cây 2-4 cũng tương đương với phép đổi màu và xoay trên cây đỏ-đen. Nó khiến cho cây 2-4 trở thành một công cụ hiệu quả để hiểu được logic phía sau cây đỏ-đen, và đó là tại sao nhiều sách dẫn nhập thuật toán lại giới thiệu cây 2-4 trước cây đỏ-đen. **cây 2-4 không thường được dùng trong thực tế** - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqrqYXkth6Q&index=26&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - - [ ] [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + - [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) + - [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) - [ ] **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** - chú ý: N hay K chính là yếu tố cho phân nhánh (số nhánh tối đa) - Cây nhị phân là 2-ary, trong đó, số nhánh tối đa (branching factor) là 2 - Cây 2-3 là 3-ary - - [ ] [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + - [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) - [ ] **B-Trees** - fun fact: điều đó vẫn còn là một bí ẩn, nhưng B ở đây có thể là Boeing, Balanced (được cân bằng) hoặc Bayer (người đồng sáng tạo) - Trong thực tế: B-tree được sử dụng rộng rãi trong các cơ sở dữ liệu. Hầu hết các hệ thống file sử dụng B-tree (hoặc biến thể của nó). Thêm vào đó, loại cấu trúc cho phép truy cập ngẫu nhiên nhanh chóng vào một file bất kỳ. Vấn đề còn lại là điều chỉnh địa chỉ khổi vùng nhớ của file thành địa chỉ vật lý của ổ đĩa (hoặc địa chỉ _cylinder-head-sector_). (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address. - - [ ] [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) - - [ ] [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) - - [ ] [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [B-Tree Datastructure](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) + - [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - giải thích cache mau quên (cache-oblivious) B-Trees, một cấu trúc dữ liệu rất thú vị. - 37 phút đầu tiên rất nặng kỹ thuật, có thể bỏ qua + - [[Review] B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz) - ### k-D Trees - Tốt đề tìm số điểm nằm trong một hình chữ nhật hoặc một đối tượng đa chiều. - Rất thích hợp cho thuật toán tìm láng giềng gần nhất (k-nearest neighbors, một thuật toán trong khai thác dữ liệu) - - [ ] [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) - - [ ] [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + - [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) - ### Skip lists - "Đó là một dạng cấu trúc dữ liệu được sùng bái" - Skiena - - [ ] [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + - [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) - ### Network Flows - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - - [ ] [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + - [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) + - [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + +- ### Disjoint Sets & Union Find + - [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) + - [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) - ### Math for Fast Processing - - [ ] [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + - [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) - ### Treap - Sự kết hợp giữa cây nhị phân và heap. - - [ ] [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) - - [ ] [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) - - [ ] [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + - [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) - ### Linear Programming (videos) - - [ ] [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) - - [ ] [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) - - [ ] [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) - - [ ] [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) + - [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) - ### Geometry, Convex hull (videos) - - [ ] [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) - - [ ] [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + - [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) - ### Discrete math - - Xem các video bên dưới + - [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) + - [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) + - [Discrete Mathematics By IIT Ropar NPTEL](https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/106/106106183/) + +--- - ### Machine Learning - [ ] Tại sao nên học ML? @@ -1768,151 +1842,183 @@ Bạn không bao giờ thực sự học xong! - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ -- ### Go - - [ ] Video: - - [ ] [Why Learn Go?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTl0tl9BGdc) - - [ ] [Go Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CF9S4QZuV30) - - [ ] [A Tour of Go](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytEkHepK08c) - - [ ] Sách: - - [ ] [An Introduction to Programming in Go (read free online)](https://www.golang-book.com/books/intro) - - [ ] [The Go Programming Language (Donovan & Kernighan)](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Addison-Wesley-Professional-Computing/dp/0134190440) - - [ ] [Bootcamp](https://www.golang-book.com/guides/bootcamp) - -- ## Đọc thêm về một số đề tài    Tôi thêm những phần này để củng cố các kiến thức đã được trình bày ở trên, nhưng không muốn đưa chúng vào danh sách trên, vì đã quá nhiều rồi. Cũng có hơi vượt mức cần thiết. Nhưng dù sao, bạn muốn trúng tuyển mà phải không? -- [ ] **Union-Find** - - [ ] [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) - - [ ] [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) - - [ ] [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) - - [ ] [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) - - [ ] [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) - - [ ] [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) +- **SOLID** + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ Principle](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | Clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use + - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. + - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) -- [ ] **Đi sâu hơn vào quy hoạch động** (videos) - - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) - - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) - - [ ] [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) - - [ ] [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) -- [ ] **Xử lý đồ thị nâng cao** (videos) - - [ ] [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) - - [ ] [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) +- **Union-Find** + - [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) -- [ ] MIT **Xác suất** (nặng toán học, và hãy đi chậm chậm, sẽ tốt cho các vấn đề toán học khác) (videos): - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) +- **Đi sâu hơn vào quy hoạch động** (videos) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-cftqTcdI&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLBCUx1is2c&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TDo3r5M1LNo&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9OAOk0CUQE&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) -- [ ] [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) +- **Xử lý đồ thị nâng cao** (videos) + - [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) -- [ ] **So khớp chuỗi** - - [ ] Rabin-Karp (videos): - - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) +- MIT **Xác suất** (nặng toán học, và hãy đi chậm chậm, sẽ tốt cho các vấn đề toán học khác) (videos): + - [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) + +- [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) + +- **So khớp chuỗi** + - Rabin-Karp (videos): + - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/rabin-karps-algorithm-c0Qkw) - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) - - [ ] Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): + - Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): - [TThe Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) - - [ ] Boyer–Moore string search algorithm + - Boyer–Moore string search algorithm - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) - - [ ] [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) - Khởi đầu khá tốt. Nhưng theo thời gian, khóa học đi qua thuật toán KMP, và trở nên phức tạp hơn mức cần thiết. - Trình bày về trie rất hay. - Có thể bỏ qua. -- [ ] **Sắp xếp** +- **Sắp xếp** - - [ ] Bài giảng của Stanford về sắp xếp: - - [ ] [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): - - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) - - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) - - [ ] Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: - - [ ] [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + - Bài giảng của Stanford về sắp xếp: + - [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - Shai Simonson: + - [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: + - [CSE373 2020 - Mergesort/Quicksort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUf-UQ3a0kg&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=8) + - [CSE373 2020 - Linear Sorting (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ksyQKmre84&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=9) + +- NAND To Tetris: [Build a Modern Computer from First Principles](https://www.coursera.org/learn/build-a-computer) ## Các chuỗi Video -Hãy ngồi xuống và thưởng thức. "Luyện kỹ năng với Netflix" :P +Hãy ngồi xuống và thưởng thức. -- [ ] [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) +- [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) -- [ ] [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) +- [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) -- [ ] [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) +- [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) -- [ ] [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) +- [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) -- [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) +- [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual - CSE373 2020 - Analysis of Algorithms (26 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22hwcnXIGgk&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=1) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) -- [ ] CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) - - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) +- [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFPmKGIrQs4&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) +- [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) +- [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDSlqjcPpoL64CJdF0Qee5oWqGS6we_Yu) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJJeUFyuvvg&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) +- [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) -- [ ] [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) +- [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr) +- [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) -- [ ] [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) +- [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) -- [ ] [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) +- [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) -- [ ] [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) +- [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) -- [ ] [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) +- [MIT 6.824: Distributed Systems, Spring 2020 (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQP8WApzIQQ&list=PLrw6a1wE39_tb2fErI4-WkMbsvGQk9_UB) -- [ ] [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) +- [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) -- [ ] [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) +- [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) -- [ ] [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) +- [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) -- [ ] [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) +- [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- [ ] [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) +- [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) -- [ ] [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) - -- [ ] [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) - -- [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - -- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) - -- [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) +- [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) -- [ ] [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) +- [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) -- [ ] [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) +- [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) ## Các khóa học khoa học máy tính - [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) - [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) + +## Algorithms implementation + +- [Multiple Algorithms implementation by Princeton University](https://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/code) + + +- ## Các bài nghiên cứu + - Có nhiều bài nghiên cứu của Google và các bài nghiên cứu rất nổi tiếng. + - Đọc hết các bài nghiên cứu tốn rất nhiều thời gian, tôi khuyên bạn nên chọn lọc theo đề tài cụ thể. + +- [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) +- [1978: Process giao tiếp tuần tự (1978: Communicating Sequential Processes)](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [Triển khai với Go (implemented in Go)](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) +- [2003: Hệ thống tập tin của Google (2003: The Google File System)](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - thay thế bởi Colossus năm 2012 +- [2004: MapReduce: Đơn giản hóa xử lý dữ liệu trên phân vùng lớn (Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters)]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - gần như bị thay thế bởi Cloud Dataflow? +- [2006: Bigtable: Một Hệ thống Lưu trữ Phân tán cho Dữ liệu Cấu trúc](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) +- [2006: Dịch vụ Khóa Chubby cho Hệ thống Phân tán Kết nối Lỏng lẻo](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) +- [2007: Dynamo: Key-value store Có khả năng Sẵn sàng cao của Amazon](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) + - Bài báo Dynamo đã khởi đầu cho cuộc cách mạng NoSQL +- [2007: Những gì mà lập trình viên nên biết về bộ nhớ (rất dài, ngay cả tác giả cũng khuyến khích bỏ qua vài phần) (What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections))](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) + - 2012: AddressSanitizer: Kiểm tra nhanh tính đúng đắn của địa chỉ (A Fast Address Sanity Checker): + - [Bài nghiên cứu](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) + - 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: + - [Bài nghiên cứu](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) +- [2014: Máy học: Lợi ích và những vấn đề cần tránh (Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt)](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) +- [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en/pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +- [2015: Sẵn sàng cho thay đổi lớn: Xây dựng hạ tầng dữ liệu của Google dành cho quảng cáo (High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads)](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +- [2015: Tensorflow: Áp dụng máy học với dữ liệu lớn trên hệ thống phân tán tính toán song song (Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems)](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) +- [2015: Lập trình viên tìm code như thế nào: Một trường hợp điển hình (How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study)](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +- [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) +- More papers: [1,000 papers](https://github.com/0voice/computer_expert_paper)