diff --git a/translations/README-uz.md b/translations/README-uz.md index 28bc132..fa13fd9 100644 --- a/translations/README-uz.md +++ b/translations/README-uz.md @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Asl versiyasi: [Inglizcha](../README.md) Bu mening web dasturchisi (web developer) darajasidan katta kompaniyada ishlaydigan dastur injineri (software engineer) darajasiga chiqish uchun qilgan ko'p oylik o'qish rejam. ![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) -Bu proyekt **yangi dasturchi injinerlar** uchun juda forydali. Va yana, oddiy programmistlikdan (masalan web yoki mobildan) dastur injinerlikka (dastur injinerlaridan computer science bilimlari talab qilinadi) o'tmoqchi bulganlar uchun foydali. +Bu proyekt **yangi dasturchi injinerlar** uchun juda forydali. Va yana, oddiy programmistlikdan (masalan web yoki mobildan) dastur injinerlikka (dastur injinerlaridan computer science bilimlari talab qilinadi) o'tmoqchi bo'lganlar uchun foydali. Agar sizda dasturchilik bo'yicha ko'p yillik tajribangiz bo'lsa, shuni bilingki: Google, Amazon, Facebook, va Microsoftga o'xshagan katta kompaniyalar dastur injinerlikni (software engineer) oddiy dasturchilikdan (software/web developer) farqli deb kuradi va ular computer science bilimini talab qiladi. @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ Agar siz reliability engineer yoki operations engineer bo'lmoqchi bo'lsangiz, un - [Computer Security](#computer-security) - [Garbage collection](#garbage-collection) - [Parallel Programming](#parallel-programming) - - [Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems) + - [Xabar almashish, Serializatsiya, va Queue Tizimlar](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems) - [A*](#a) - [Fast Fourier Transform](#fast-fourier-transform) - [Bloom Filter](#bloom-filter) @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ Agar siz reliability engineer yoki operations engineer bo'lmoqchi bo'lsangiz, un - [Discrete math](#discrete-math) - [Machine Learning](#machine-learning) - [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) -- [Video Series](#video-series) +- [Video Seriyalar](#video-series) - [Computer Science Courses](#computer-science-courses) - [Papers](#papers) @@ -674,30 +674,30 @@ Birinchi kodizni doskada yoki qog'ozda yozing, kompyuterda emas. Og'zaki test qi - [ ] Absolute value: - [Absolute Integer](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) -## Trees +## Trees (daraxtlar) -- ### Trees - Notes & Background +- ### Trees - Eslatmalar & Kelib chiqishi - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/trees-95qda) - - basic tree construction - - traversal - - manipulation algorithms - - [ ] [BFS(breadth-first search) and DFS(depth-first search) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) - - BFS notes: - - level order (BFS, using queue) - - time complexity: O(n) - - space complexity: best: O(1), worst: O(n/2)=O(n) - - DFS notes: - - time complexity: O(n) - - space complexity: - best: O(log n) - avg. height of tree - worst: O(n) + - tree-ning asosiy tuzilmasi + - traversal (o'tish) + - manipulyatsiya algoritmlari + - [ ] [BFS(breadth-first search) va DFS(depth-first search) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) + - BFS eslatmalari: + - level order (BFS, queue ishlatgan holda) + - ish vaqti xarajati (time complexity): O(n) + - ish joyi xarajati (space complexity): eng yaxshisi: O(1), eng yomoni: O(n/2)=O(n) + - DFS eslatmalari: + - ish vaqti xarajati: O(n) + - ish joyi xarajati: + eng yaxshisi: O(log n) - tree ning o'rtacha balandligi + eng yomoni: O(n) - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) -- ### Binary search trees: BSTs - - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) +- ### Binary search tree lar: BST lar + - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Tahlili (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [Kirish (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) - C/C++: - [ ] [Binary search tree - Implementation in C/C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) @@ -710,21 +710,21 @@ Birinchi kodizni doskada yoki qog'ozda yozing, kompyuterda emas. Og'zaki test qi - [ ] [Check if a binary tree is binary search tree or not (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - [ ] [Delete a node from Binary Search Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) - [ ] [Inorder Successor in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] Implement: - - [ ] insert // insert value into tree - - [ ] get_node_count // get count of values stored - - [ ] print_values // prints the values in the tree, from min to max + - [ ] Kodda yozish: + - [ ] insert // qiymatni treega joylaydi + - [ ] get_node_count // treedagi elementlar sonini qaytaradi + - [ ] print_values // treedagi hamma qiymatlarini, mindan maxgacha, yozib chiqaradi - [ ] delete_tree - - [ ] is_in_tree // returns true if given value exists in the tree - - [ ] get_height // returns the height in nodes (single node's height is 1) - - [ ] get_min // returns the minimum value stored in the tree - - [ ] get_max // returns the maximum value stored in the tree + - [ ] is_in_tree // true qaytaradi agar qiymat treeda mavjud bo'lsa + - [ ] get_height // treeni balandligini qaytaradi (bitta node-ning balandligi 1 xisoblanadi) + - [ ] get_min // treedagi minimum qiymatni qaytaradi + - [ ] get_max // treedagi maximum qiymatni qaytaradi - [ ] is_binary_search_tree - [ ] delete_value - - [ ] get_successor // returns next-highest value in tree after given value, -1 if none + - [ ] get_successor // berilgan qiymatdan keyingi katta qiymatni qaytaradi, agar bunday qiymat bo'lmasa -1 qaytaradi - ### Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap - - visualized as a tree, but is usually linear in storage (array, linked list) + - tree (daraxt) dek tasvirlansada, xotirada ketma ket tarzida saqlanadi (massiv, linked list) - [ ] [Heap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) - [ ] [Naive Implementations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) @@ -733,39 +733,39 @@ Birinchi kodizni doskada yoki qog'ozda yozing, kompyuterda emas. Og'zaki test qi - [ ] [Basic Operations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) - [ ] [Complete Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) - [ ] [Pseudocode (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) - - [ ] [Heap Sort - jumps to start (video)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [Heap Sort - boshiga sakraydi (video)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) - [ ] [Building a heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) - - [ ] Implement a max-heap: + - [ ] max-heap ni kodda yozish: - [ ] insert - - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert - - [ ] get_max - returns the max item, without removing it - - [ ] get_size() - return number of elements stored - - [ ] is_empty() - returns true if heap contains no elements - - [ ] extract_max - returns the max item, removing it - - [ ] sift_down - needed for extract_max - - [ ] remove(i) - removes item at index x - - [ ] heapify - create a heap from an array of elements, needed for heap_sort - - [ ] heap_sort() - take an unsorted array and turn it into a sorted array in-place using a max heap or min heap + - [ ] sift_up - insert operatsiyasi uchun kerak + - [ ] get_max - o'chirmagan holda, max elementni qaytaradi + - [ ] get_size() - mavjud elementlar sonini qaytaradi + - [ ] is_empty() - true qaytaradi agar heap bo'sh bo'lsa + - [ ] extract_max - o'chirgan holda, max elementni qaytaradi + - [ ] sift_down - extract_max operatsiyasi uchun kerak + - [ ] remove(i) - x indeksda joylashgan elementni o'chiradi + - [ ] heapify - massivdan heap yaratadi, heap_sort operatsiyasi uchun kerak + - [ ] heap_sort() - tartiblanmagan massivni olib, max heap yoki min heap dan foydalangan holda uni joyida tartiblangan massivga aylantiradi -## Sorting +## Sorting (Saralash) -- [ ] Notes: - - Implement sorts & know best case/worst case, average complexity of each: - - no bubble sort - it's terrible - O(n^2), except when n <= 16 - - [ ] Stability in sorting algorithms ("Is Quicksort stable?") +- [ ] Eslatmalar: + - sorting bilan ishlang va eng yaxshi/eng yomon holatlarni, har birining o'rtacha murakkabligini biling: + - bubble sort ishlatmang - agar n <= 16 bo'lmasa, O(n^2)-bu juda yomon + - [ ] Algoritmlarni saralashdagi barqarorlik (stability) ("Quicksort barqarormi?") - [Sorting Algorithm Stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) - [Sorting Algorithms - Stability](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) - - [ ] Which algorithms can be used on linked lists? Which on arrays? Which on both? - - I wouldn't recommend sorting a linked list, but merge sort is doable. + - [ ] Linked list-da qaysi algoritmlardan foydalanish mumkin? Qaysi massivlarda? Qaysilarini ikkalasida ham ishlatsa bo'ladi? + - Men linked listni saralashni maslahat bermayman, lekin merge tartiblash algoritmini qilsa bo'ladi. - [Merge Sort For Linked List](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) -- For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. Heap sort is great, but not stable +- Heapsort uchun yuqorida berilgan ma'lumotlar tuzilmasini ko'ring, Heap sort ajoyib lekin barqaror emas. - [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort) @@ -794,23 +794,23 @@ Birinchi kodizni doskada yoki qog'ozda yozing, kompyuterda emas. Og'zaki test qi - [ ] [Quicksort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - [ ] [Selection Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] Merge sort code: +- [ ] Merge sort kodda: - [ ] [Using output array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) - [ ] [Using output array (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) - [ ] [In-place (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) -- [ ] Quick sort code: +- [ ] Quick sort uchun kod: - [ ] [Implementation (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) -- [ ] Implement: - - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case - - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case - - Selection sort and insertion sort are both O(n^2) average and worst case - - For heapsort, see Heap data structure above +- [ ] Kodda yozish: + - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) o'rtacha va eng yomon holat + - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) o'rtacha + - Selection sort va insertion sort-larning ikkalalarini ham o'rtacha va eng yomon holati O(n^2) bo'ladi + - Heapsort uchun yuqoridagi Heap ma'lumotlar tuzilmasini ko'ring -- [ ] Not required, but I recommended them: - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) +- [ ] Quyidagilar talab qilinmaydi lekin shaxsan men ularni tavsiya qilaman: + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 ta video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting) - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) @@ -823,28 +823,27 @@ Birinchi kodizni doskada yoki qog'ozda yozing, kompyuterda emas. Og'zaki test qi - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) -As a summary, here is a visual representation of [15 sorting algorithms](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg). -If you need more detail on this subject, see "Sorting" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) +Xulosada, vizual tarzda ma'lumot olish uchun [15 ta saralash algoritmlari](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg). +Agar sizga ushbu mavzu bo'yicha batafsil ma'lumot kerak bo'lsa, "Saralash" bo'limiga qarang [Ba'zi mavzular bo'yicha qo'shimcha ma'lumot](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) -## Graphs +## Graflar -Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this section is long, like trees and sorting were. - -- Notes: - - There are 4 basic ways to represent a graph in memory: - - objects and pointers - - adjacency matrix +Computer science da graflar bir talay masalalarni tasvirlashda ishlatiladi. Shuning uchun tree va tartiblash algoritmlari kabi bu qism yetarlicha uzun +- Eslatmalar: + - grafni xotirada ushlashni 4ta asosiy yo'li bor: + - obyektlar va pointerlar + - adjacency matritsa - adjacency list - adjacency map - - Familiarize yourself with each representation and its pros & cons - - BFS and DFS - know their computational complexity, their trade offs, and how to implement them in real code - - When asked a question, look for a graph-based solution first, then move on if none + - Har bir usulni va ularni yaxshi & yomon tomonlarini o'rganib chiqing + - BFS va DFS - bu algoritmlarini tezligini (time & space complexity), yaxshi & yomon tomonlarini, va ularni kodda yozishni biling + - Masala berilganda, birinchi grafga asoslangan yechim qidiring. Bunday yechim ko'rmasangiz, boshqa yechimlarni qidiring -- [ ] MIT(videos): +- [ ] MIT(videolar): - [ ] [Breadth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) - [ ] [Depth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) -- [ ] Skiena Lectures - great intro: +- [ ] Skiena maruzalari - ajoyib intro: - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) @@ -852,7 +851,7 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) -- [ ] Graphs (review and more): +- [ ] Graflar (tahlil va boshqa ko'p narsalar): - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) @@ -867,44 +866,44 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) -- Full Coursera Course: +- To'liq Coursera kursi: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) -- I'll implement: - - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (recursive) - - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (iterative with stack) - - [ ] DFS with adjacency matrix (recursive) - - [ ] DFS with adjacency matrix (iterative with stack) - - [ ] BFS with adjacency list - - [ ] BFS with adjacency matrix +- Kodda yozaman: + - [ ] DFS, adjacency list bilan (recursive) + - [ ] DFS, adjacency list bilan (iterative, stackdan foydalangan holda) + - [ ] DFS, adjacency matritsa bilan (recursive) + - [ ] DFS, adjacency matritsa bilan (iterative, stackdan foydalangan holda) + - [ ] BFS, adjacency list bilan + - [ ] BFS, adjacency matritsa bilan - [ ] single-source shortest path (Dijkstra) - [ ] minimum spanning tree - - DFS-based algorithms (see Aduni videos above): - - [ ] check for cycle (needed for topological sort, since we'll check for cycle before starting) + - DFS-ga asoslangan algoritmlar (Aduni videolarini tepada ko'ring): + - [ ] cycle borligini tekshirish (topological sort uchun kerak, chunki boshlashdan oldin cycle bor yoki yo'qligini tekshiramiz) - [ ] topological sort - - [ ] count connected components in a graph - - [ ] list strongly connected components - - [ ] check for bipartite graph + - [ ] grafdagi bog'liq componentlarni sanash (connected components) + - [ ] mustahkam bog'liq componentlarni sanash (strongly connected components) + - [ ] bipartite grafni aniqlash -## Even More Knowledge +## Yanada ko'proq bilim -- ### Recursion - - [ ] Stanford lectures on recursion & backtracking: +- ### Rekursiya + - [ ] rekursiya & backtracking-ga oid Stanford - [ ] [Lecture 8 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) - - When it is appropriate to use it? - - How is tail recursion better than not? + - Rekursiyani qachon ishlatish yaxshi? + - Nega tail rekursiya (tail recursion) yaxshi narsa? - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) -- ### Dynamic Programming - - You probably won't see any dynamic programming problems in your interview, but it's worth being able to recognize a problem as being a candidate for dynamic programming. - - This subject can be pretty difficult, as each DP soluble problem must be defined as a recursion relation, and coming up with it can be tricky. - - I suggest looking at many examples of DP problems until you have a solid understanding of the pattern involved. - - [ ] Videos: - - the Skiena videos can be hard to follow since he sometimes uses the whiteboard, which is too small to see +- ### Dinamik dasturlash (Dynamic Programming) + - Katta ehtimollik bilan sizni intervyuingizda dinamik dasturlash masalalari bo'lmaydi, lekin shunday masalani dinamik dasturlashga mosligini aniqlay olishni o'rganish arzigulik + - Bu mavzu qiyin bo'lishi mumkin. Chunki har bir DP bilan yechsa bo'ladigan masala uchun "recursion relation" o'ylab topish kerak va bu narsa qiyin bo'lishi mumkin + - kerakli patternni tushinib yetguncha ko'p DP masalalarni ko'rib chiqishni maslahat beraman + - [ ] Videolar: + - Skiena videolarini kuzatib tushinish qiyin bo'lishi mumkin chunki u ko'rish uchun juda kichik bo'lgan doskadan bazida foydalanadi - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) @@ -912,9 +911,9 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) - - [ ] List of individual DP problems (each is short): + - [ ] DP masalalarini ro'yxati (har biri qisqa): [Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) - - [ ] Yale Lecture notes: + - [ ] Yale ma'ruza yozuvlari: - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) - [ ] Coursera: - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) @@ -927,11 +926,11 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - ### Object-Oriented Programming - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) - - [ ] SOLID OOP Principles: [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) + - [ ] SOLID OOP Printsiplari: [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) -- ### Design patterns +- ### Dizayn patternlar - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) - - [ ] Learn these patterns: + - [ ] Quyidagi patternlarni o'rganing: - [ ] strategy - [ ] singleton - [ ] adapter @@ -954,25 +953,26 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - [ ] [Series of videos (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) - - I know the canonical book is "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", but Head First is great for beginners to OO. + - "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software" kitobi dizayn patternlar uchun defakto resursligini bilaman, lekin Head First kitobi yangi o'rganuvchilar uchun ancha yaxshiroq. - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) -- ### Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability - - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) - - [ ] [Make School: Probability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) - - [ ] [Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) +- ### Kombinatorikalar & Ehtimollik nazariyasi + - [ ] [Math Skills: Faktorial, Permutatsiya va kombinatsiyalarni qanday topish haqida(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [Make School: Ehtimollik nazariyasi (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + - [ ] [Make School: Ko'proq ehtimollik nazariyasi va Markov zanjirlari (Markov Chains) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) - [ ] Khan Academy: - - Course layout: - - [ ] [Basic Theoretical Probability](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) - - Just the videos - 41 (each are simple and each are short): - - [ ] [Probability Explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) + - Kurs tartibi: + - [ ] [Ehtimollik nazariyasining asoslari](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) + - Faqat videolar - 41 (har biri qisqa va tushunishga oson): + - [ ] [Ehtimollik nazariyasi haqida (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) -- ### NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms - - Know about the most famous classes of NP-complete problems, such as traveling salesman and the knapsack problem, - and be able to recognize them when an interviewer asks you them in disguise. - - Know what NP-complete means. +- ### NP, NP to'liq va taxminiy algoritmlari + - Sotuvchi sotuvchi va ryukzak muammosi kabi NP-ning eng mashhur klasslari haqida bilish, + va intervyu beruvchisi ularni niqob bilan so'raganda ularni taniy olish. + + - NP-complete nima ekanligini biling. - [ ] [Computational Complexity (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) - [ ] Simonson: - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) @@ -986,47 +986,47 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - Peter Norvig discusses near-optimal solutions to traveling salesman problem: + - Piter Norvig sotuvchi sayohatchining sayohatchi masalasining maqbul yechimlarini muhokama qiladi: - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) - - Pages 1048 - 1140 in CLRS if you have it. + - 1048 - 1140 sahifalari CLRS da Agar bu sizda bo'lsa. -- ### Caches - - [ ] LRU cache: +- ### Keshlar + - [ ] LRU keshi haqida: - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) - [ ] [Implementing LRU (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) - - [ ] CPU cache: + - [ ] CPU keshi haqida: - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) -- ### Processes and Threads - - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operating Systems (25 videos): - - for processes and threads see videos 1-11 +- ### Processlar va Threadlar + - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operatsion tizimlar (25ta video): + - processlar va threadlar uchun 1-chidan 11-chigacha bo'lgan videolarni ko'ring - [Operating Systems and System Programming (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) - - Covers: - - Processes, Threads, Concurrency issues - - Difference between processes and threads - - Processes - - Threads - - Locks - - Mutexes - - Semaphores - - Monitors - - How they work? + - o'z ichiga oladi: + - Processlar, Threadlar, Concurrency muammolari + - processlar va threadlarni bir biridan farqi + - Processlar + - Threadlar + - Locklar + - Mutexlar + - Semaphorelar + - Monitorlar + - Ular qanday ishlaydi? - Deadlock - Livelock - - CPU activity, interrupts, context switching - - Modern concurrency constructs with multicore processors + - CPU faoliyati, interruptlar, context almashtirish (context switching) + - Ko'p yadrolik processorlar bilan ishlaydigan zamonaviy concurrency constructlari - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) - - Process resource needs (memory: code, static storage, stack, heap, and also file descriptors, i/o) - - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own pc, stack counter, registers, and stack) - - Forking is really copy on write (read-only) until the new process writes to memory, then it does a full copy. - - Context switching - - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware? - - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) - - [ ] concurrency in Python (videos): + - Process uchun kerakli resurslar (xotira: kod, statik xotira, stack, heap, va hamda file descriptorlar, i/o) + - Thread uchun kerakli resurslar (tepadagilarni (stackdan tashqari) bitta processda bo'lgan boshqa threadlar bilan baham ko'radi, lekin har birini o'zini pc, stack counter, registerlar, and stacklari bor) + - Forklash bu aslida "copy on write" operatsiya. Bu degani fork qilingan processdan nusxa ko'chirish fork process birinchi marta xotiraga yozganda bo'ladi. + - Context almashtirish + - Operatsion tizm va uni ushlab turgan hardware context almashtirishni qanday qiladi? + - [ ] [threads in C++ (to'plam - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] Pythonda concurrency (videolar): - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) - [ ] [Understanding the Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) @@ -1035,12 +1035,12 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) -- ### Testing - - To cover: - - how unit testing works - - what are mock objects - - what is integration testing - - what is dependency injection +- ### Testlash (Testing) + - Quyidagilarni o'z ichiga oladi: + - unit test qanday ishlaydi + - mock obyektlar nima + - integration testing nima + - dependency injection nima - [ ] [Agile Software Testing with James Bach (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) - [ ] [Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant) (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) @@ -1048,13 +1048,13 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] Dependency injection: - [ ] [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) - - [ ] [How to write tests](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) + - [ ] [Qanday qilib test yozish](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) - ### Scheduling - - In an OS, how it works? - - Can be gleaned from Operating System videos + - OS da bu qanday ishlaydi? + - Operatsion tizim videolaridan o'rganish mumkin -- ### String searching & manipulations +- ### Stringni izlash va manipulyatsiyalar us - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/introduction-to-substring-search) @@ -1064,29 +1064,28 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) - If you need more detail on this subject, see "String Matching" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects). + Agar bu mavzuda ko'proq ma'lumot olmoqchi bo'lsangiz, "String Matching" bo'limini ko'ring [Ba'zi mavzular bo'yicha qo'shimcha ma'lumot](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects). -- ### Tries - - Note there are different kinds of tries. Some have prefixes, some don't, and some use string instead of bits - to track the path - - I read through code, but will not implement +- ### Trie-lar + - Trie-larning turli xili mavjuddir.Bazilarida prefiks bor bo'lsa bazilarida esa yo'q, va bazilari yo'lni kuzatish uchun bitlar o'rniga string ishlatishadi. + - Men kodini ko'rib chiqaman, lekin uzim yozmayman - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) - - [ ] Short course videos: + - [ ] Qisqa kurslar: - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/using-tries/) - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) - - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (taxminan yarim yo'lda juda tushunarsiz bo'lishi mumkin) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) -- ### Floating Point Numbers - - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) - - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) +- ### Floating Point Numbers + - [ ] oddiy 8-bitli: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32 bitli: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) - ### Unicode - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) @@ -1096,12 +1095,12 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141940/http://www.cs.umd.edu:80/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) - - Very technical talk for kernel devs. Don't worry if most is over your head. - - The first half is enough. + - Kernel dasturchilari uchun juda texnik muloqot. Agar ko'pini tushunmasangiz, tashvishlanmang + - Birinchi yarmi yetarli bo'ladi. - ### Networking - - **if you have networking experience or want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, expect questions** - - Otherwise, this is just good to know + - **Agar siz networkingda tajribaga ega bo'lsangiz yoki reliability injineri yoki operations injineri bo'lishni xohlasangiz, shu mavzuda savollarni kuting** + - Agar bunday bo'lmasa, baribir bularni bilib qo'ygan yaxshi - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/computers-and-internet-code-org) - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained! (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) @@ -1112,43 +1111,42 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [HTTP 2.0 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) - - [ ] Sockets: + - [ ] Soketlar: - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) -## System Design, Scalability, Data Handling +## Tizim Dizayni, Scalability, Ma'lumotlar bilan ishlash -**You can expect system design questions if you have 4+ years of experience.** - -- Scalability and System Design are very large topics with many topics and resources, since - there is a lot to consider when designing a software/hardware system that can scale. - Expect to spend quite a bit of time on this -- Considerations: +**agar sizda 4+ yil ish tajribasi bo'lsa intervyularda sizga tizim dizayn savolli tushadi** +- Scalability va Tizim Dizayn juda katta mavzular hisoblanadi. + Chunki katta ko'lamni traffikni ko'tara oladigan software/hardware- ni dizayn qilish uni ko'p qirralarini e'tiborga olishni talab qiladi + Buni ustida bir talay vaqt o'tkazasiz +- Qirralar: - Scalability - - Distill large data sets to single values - - Transform one data set to another - - Handling obscenely large amounts of data - - System design - - features sets - - interfaces - - class hierarchies - - designing a system under certain constraints - - simplicity and robustness - - tradeoffs - - performance analysis and optimization -- [ ] **START HERE**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - Katta miqdordagi data to'plamlarni bitta qiymatga agregatlash + - bitta data to'plamni boshqasiga o'tkazish + - Haddan tashqari katta miqdordagi data bilan ishlash + - Tizim dizayn + - funksional to'plami + - interfeyslar + - klaslar ierarxiyasi + - malum bir cheklovlar ostida tizimni dizayn qilish + - soddaligi va mustahkamligi + - afzalliklar va kamchiliklar o'rtasidagi muvozanat + - ijro tahlili (performance analysis) va optimallashtirish +- [ ] **Bu yerdan boshlang**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) - [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) - [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) - [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) - [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) -- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below +- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - Bu yerda juda ko'p resurslar bor. Berilgan maqolalarni va namunalarni ko'rib chiqing. Bir ikkitasini pastda topasiz - [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) - [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) - [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) - [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) - [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem) -- [ ] Consensus Algorithms: +- [ ] Consensus algoritmlari: - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) - [ ] [Easy-to-read paper](https://raft.github.io/) @@ -1156,9 +1154,9 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) - [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) - [ ] Scalability: - - You don't need all of these. Just pick a few that interest you. + - Bularni hammasi kerak bo'lmaydi. Sizi qiziqtirgan bir ikkitasini tanlang. - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) - - [ ] Short series: + - [ ] Qisqa seriyalar: - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) @@ -1205,35 +1203,35 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [PlentyOfFish Architecture](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) - - [ ] See "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" way below for info on some of the technologies that can glue services together + - [ ] Servislarni bir biriga bog'laydigan texnologiyalar haqida o'rganish uchun pastroqdagi "Xabar almashish, Serializatsiya, va Queue Tizimlar" qismni ko'ring - [ ] Twitter: - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) - - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [Video Series](#video-series) section -- [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: - - review: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - Bundanda ko'proq narsa o'rganish, [Video Seriyalar](#video-series) seksiyadagi "Ulkan Datasetlarni Qazish" video seriyasini ko'ring +- [ ] Tizim dizayn qilish jarayonini mashq qilish: Bu yerda qog'ozda yozib yechish uchun bir nechta misollar bor. Har birini real proyektlarda qanday yechishgani haqida maqolalari ham bor: + - tahlil: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - - flow: - 1. Understand the problem and scope: - - Define the use cases, with interviewer's help - - Suggest additional features - - Remove items that interviewer deems out of scope - - Assume high availability is required, add as a use case - 2. Think about constraints: - - Ask how many requests per month - - Ask how many requests per second (they may volunteer it or make you do the math) - - Estimate reads vs. writes percentage - - Keep 80/20 rule in mind when estimating - - How much data written per second - - Total storage required over 5 years - - How much data read per second - 3. Abstract design: - - Layers (service, data, caching) - - Infrastructure: load balancing, messaging - - Rough overview of any key algorithm that drives the service - - Consider bottlenecks and determine solutions - - Exercises: + - jarayon: + 1. Muammo va uning qamrov doirasini tushuning + - Intervyuverni yordami bilan usecase-larni belgilab oling + - Qo'shimcha funksional taklif qiling + - Intervyuver qamrov doirasidan tashqarida deb bilgan punktlarni olib tashlang + - High availability kerak deb biling va uni usecase-lar qatoriga qo'shing + 2. Checklovlar haqida o'ylang + - Oyiga nechta requestlar bo'lishini so'rang + - Sekundiga nechta requestlar bo'lishini so'rang (intervyuver javob berishi yoki o'zizdan xisoblashni so'rashi mumkin) + - O'qishlar (reads) va yozishlar (writes) foizini baholang + - Baholashda 80/20 qoidasini yodda tuting + - Sekundiga qancha data yoziladi + - 5 yil davomida jami qancha xotira kerak bo'ladi + - Sekundiga qancha data o'qiladi + 3. Abstrakt dizayn: + - Qatlamalar (servis, data, kesh) + - Infrastruktura: load balancing, xabar almashish (messaging) + - Servis ishlashi uchun kerak bo'lgan muhum algoritmlarni tahlili + - Bottleneck-larni e'tiborga oling va ularga yechim toping + - Mashqlar: - [Design a CDN network: old article](https://kilthub.cmu.edu/articles/Globally_distributed_content_delivery/6605972) - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) @@ -1245,84 +1243,84 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti --- -## Final Review +## Yakuniy tahlil - This section will have shorter videos that you can watch pretty quickly to review most of the important concepts. - It's nice if you want a refresher often. + Bu qismda ko'p muhim tushunchalarni tez qaytarib olish uchun kerak bo'ladigan qisqa videolar bor -- [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) +- [ ] 2-3 minutlik qisqa mavzuga oid videolar seriyasi (23 video) - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (18 videos): +- [ ] 2-5 minutlik qisqa mavzuga oid videolar seriyasi - Michael Sambol (18 video): - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) --- -## Coding Question Practice +## Coding bo'yicha savollar ustida ishlash -Now that you know all the computer science topics above, it's time to practice answering coding problems. +Yuqoridagi barcha "computer science" mavzularini bilb oldingiz, endi coding bo'yicha masalalarga javob berishni mashq qilish vaqti keldi. -**Coding question practice is not about memorizing answers to programming problems.** +**Coding masalalarini yechishga tayyorlanish bu javoblarni yodlab qolish emas ** -Why you need to practice doing programming problems: -- Problem recognition, and where the right data structures and algorithms fit in -- Gathering requirements for the problem -- Talking your way through the problem like you will in the interview -- Coding on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer -- Coming up with time and space complexity for your solutions -- Testing your solutions +Masalalar yechishni mashq qilish nima uchun zarur: +- Muammoni aniqlash va kerakli ma'lumotlar tuzilmalari va algoritmlari mos keladigan joyni topa olish +- Masala uchun kerakli talablarni to'plash +- Xuddi intervyudagi kabi muammoni yechish uchun qadam baqadam yurish +- Doskada yoki qog'ozda kod yozish, kompyuterda emas +- Yechimlarizga ish joyi xarajati va ish vaqti xarajatini aniqlash +- Yechimlaringizni testlash -There is a great intro for methodical, communicative problem solving in an interview. You'll get this from the programming -interview books, too, but I found this outstanding: +Suhbatda metodik, kommunikativ muammolarni hal qilish uchun ajoyib kirish qismi mavjud. +Siz buni dasturlash uchun intervyu kitoblaridan ham topa olishingiz mumkin +lekin men buni ular ichida juda foydali deb topdim: [Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) -No whiteboard at home? That makes sense. I'm a weirdo and have a big whiteboard. Instead of a whiteboard, pick up a -large drawing pad from an art store. You can sit on the couch and practice. This is my "sofa whiteboard". -I added the pen in the photo for scale. If you use a pen, you'll wish you could erase. Gets messy quick. I use a pencil -and eraser. +Uyingizda doska yo'qmi? Bu tabiy. Men o'zgacha insonman, menda kotta doskam bor. Doska o'rniga, rasm chizish uchun +mo'ljallangan daftar ishlating. Shunda divanda o'tirib, mashq qilishingiz mumkin. Bu mening "divanga mo'ljallangan doskam". +Men rasmda qalamimni ham qo'shganman qulaylik uchun. Agar siz ruchkadan foydalansangiz, o'chirish istagi paydo bo'lishi mumkin. +Tez Chalkashib ketadi. Shuning uchun men qalam va o'chirg'ichdan foydalanaman. -![my sofa whiteboard](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) +![mening divan uchun doskam](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) -Supplemental: +Qo'shimcha: - [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) - [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) - [MIT Interview Materials](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) - [Exercises for getting better at a given language](http://exercism.io/languages) -**Read and Do Programming Problems (in this order):** +**Dasturlash masalalarini o'qing va bajaring (ketma ketlikda):** - [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) - - answers in C, C++ and Java + - C, C++ va Java da javoblar - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - answers in Java + - Javada javoblar -See [Book List above](#book-list) +Ko'ring [Book List above](#book-list) -## Coding exercises/challenges +## Coding mashqlar/savollar -Once you've learned your brains out, put those brains to work. -Take coding challenges every day, as many as you can. +Miyyangiz og'rigunicha o'rganib bo'lganizdan keyin o'sha miyyangizni ishga soling +Har kuni coding savollar ishlang, qancha ko'p bo'lsa shuncha yaxshi - [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) - [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) -Coding Interview Question Videos: +Coding Intervyu Savollar Videolari: - [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) - [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) - - Super for walkthroughs of problem solutions + - Qadam baqadam yechimlar tahlili uchun juda zo'r - [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 Videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) - - Good explanations of solution and the code - - You can watch several in a short time + - Yechimlar va ularni kodi uchun yaxshi tushuntirish + - Qisqa vaqtda ularni bir qanchasini ko'rib tugatsangiz bo'ladi - [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) -Challenge sites: +Mashq saytlari: - [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) - - My favorite coding problem site. It's worth the subscription money for the 1-2 months you'll likely be preparing + - Mening sevimli saytim. 1-2 oy tayorgarlik paytida obuna puliga arzidi. - [LeetCode solutions from FisherCoder](https://github.com/fishercoder1534/Leetcode) - - See Nick White Videos above for short code-throughs + - Qisqa kod tahlillari uchun tepadagi Nick White videolarini ko'ring - [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) - [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) - [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) @@ -1331,7 +1329,7 @@ Challenge sites: - [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) - [Code Exercises](https://code-exercises.com) -Language-learning sites, with challenges: +Til o'rganish saytlari, mashqlari bilan - [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) - [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) - [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) @@ -1339,122 +1337,122 @@ Language-learning sites, with challenges: - [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) - [Codeforces](https://codeforces.com/) -Challenge repos: +Mashqlar repolari - [Interactive Coding Interview Challenges in Python](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) -Mock Interviews: -- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - I used this and it helped me relax for the phone screen and on-site interview -- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - peer-to-peer model of practice interviews -- [Refdash: Mock interviews and expedited interviews](https://refdash.com/) - also help candidates fast track by skipping multiple interviews with tech companies -- [interviewing.io: Practice mock interview with senior engineers](https://interviewing.io) - anonymous algorithmic/systems design interviews with senior engineers from FAANG anonymously. +Mock intervyular +- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - Men buni ishlatdim va u menga phone screen va on-site intervyularga ruhan tayyorladi +- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - foydalanuvchilararo intervyuga tayyorlanish modeli +- [Refdash: Mock interviews and expedited interviews](https://refdash.com/) - kandidatlarga tech kompaniyalar bilan bo'ladigan bir nechta intervyulardan sakrab o'tishga ham yordam beradi +- [interviewing.io: Practice mock interview with senior engineers](https://interviewing.io) - FAANGdan senior injinerlar bilan anonim algoritm/tizim dizayn intervyulari -## Once you're closer to the interview +## Intervyuga yaqin kelganizda -- Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (videos): +- Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (videolar): - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) -## Your Resume +## Sizni rezyumeingiz -- See Resume prep items in Cracking The Coding Interview and back of Programming Interviews Exposed +- 'Cracking The Coding Interview' kitobini Resume prep qismini va 'Programming Interviews Exposed' kitobini orqasini ko'ring -## Be thinking of for when the interview comes +## Intervyuga yaqin kelganda quydagilar haqida o'ylab yuring -Think of about 20 interview questions you'll get, along with the lines of the items below. Have 2-3 answers for each. -Have a story, not just data, about something you accomplished. +Sizdan so'rashlari mumkin bo'lgan 20 tacha intervyu savollarini o'ylab toping (pastagi savollarga o'xshagan). Har biri uchun 2-3 javobiz bo'lsin. +Siz amalga oshirgan biror narsa haqida hikoyangiz bo'lsin -- Why do you want this job? -- What's a tough problem you've solved? -- Biggest challenges faced? -- Best/worst designs seen? -- Ideas for improving an existing product -- How do you work best, as an individual and as part of a team? -- Which of your skills or experiences would be assets in the role and why? -- What did you most enjoy at [job x / project y]? -- What was the biggest challenge you faced at [job x / project y]? -- What was the hardest bug you faced at [job x / project y]? -- What did you learn at [job x / project y]? -- What would you have done better at [job x / project y]? +- Nega bu ishni xohlayapsiz? +- Siz yechgan mushkul masala/muammo? +- Qanday qiyinchiliklar bo'lgan? +- Siz ko'rgan eng yaxshi/eng yomon dizaynlar? +- Mavjud produktni takomillashtirish uchun g'oyalar? +- Qanday holda yaxshi ishlaysiz, yolg'iz yoki jamoda? +- Sizni qanday ko'nikmalaringiz/mahoratlaringiz bu ish o'rinida katta foyda bo'ladi va nega? +- [x ishda / y proyektda] sizni eng ko'p zavqlantirgan narsa? +- [x ishda / y proyektda] siz duch kelgan eng katta muammo? +- [x ishda / y proyektda] siz duch kelgan eng mashaqqatli bug? +- [x ishda / y proyektda] siz nima o'rgandingiz? +- [x ishda / y proyektda] siz nimani yaxshiroq qilgan bo'lardingiz? -## Have questions for the interviewer +## Intervyuver uchun savollaringizni tayyorlab qo'ying - Some of mine (I already may know answer to but want their opinion or team perspective): + Mening savollarimning bazilari (Bu savollarga javobni bilsam ham ularni fikrlarini yoki jamoaviy nuqtai nazarlarini bilishni xoxlayman): -- How large is your team? -- What does your dev cycle look like? Do you do waterfall/sprints/agile? -- Are rushes to deadlines common? Or is there flexibility? -- How are decisions made in your team? -- How many meetings do you have per week? -- Do you feel your work environment helps you concentrate? -- What are you working on? -- What do you like about it? -- What is the work life like? -- How is work/life balance? +- Jamoangiz qanchalik katta? +- Sizning dasturlash siklingiz qanday tarzda o'tadi? waterfall/sprintlar/ yoki agile ishlatasizmi? +- Deadline-lar ga shoshilish odatiy holmi? Yoki erkinlik ko'proqmi? +- Jamoangizda qarorlar qanday qabul qilinadi? +- Haftasiga nechi marta jamooaviy meeting-lar tashkil etiladi? +- Sizning ishdagi atmosferangiz sizga konsentratsiya qilishga yordam beradimi? +- Hozirda nima ustida ishlayapsizlar? +- Bunda sizga nima ko'proq yoqadi? +- Ish hayoti qanday tarzda o'tadi? +- Ish va shaxsiy hayot balansi qanday yo'lga qo'yilgan? -## Once You've Got The Job +## Ishga qabul qilinganingizdan so'ng -Congratulations! +Tabriklaymiz! -Keep learning. +O'rganishda davom eting. -You're never really done. +Hech qachon tugatgan bo'lmaymiz. --- ***************************************************************************************************** ***************************************************************************************************** - Everything below this point is optional. - By studying these, you'll get greater exposure to more CS concepts, and will be better prepared for - any software engineering job. You'll be a much more well-rounded software engineer. + Ushbu bandning ostidagi hamma narsalar ixtiyoriydir. + Ularni o'rganish orqali siz ko'proq CS tushunchalariga ega bo'lasiz va har qanday dasturiy injinerlik + ishi uchun yaxshi tayyorlangan bo'lasiz. Siz ancha mukammal dasturchi darajasiga erishasiz. ***************************************************************************************************** ***************************************************************************************************** --- -## Additional Books +## Qo'shimcha kitoblar - These are here so you can dive into a topic you find interesting. + O'zingizni qiziqtirgan mavzuga chuqur sho'ng'ishingiz uchun resurslar - [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) - - An oldie but a goodie + - Eski lekin yaxshi - [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) - - A modern option + - Zamonaviy variant - [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) - [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) - - A gentle introduction to design patterns + - Dizayn patternlarga yengil kirish - [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) - - AKA the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF - - The canonical design patterns book + - Shuningdek, "Gang Of Four" yoki "GOF" nomi bilan tanilgan + - Qoidaga aylangan dizayn pattern kitobi - [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 5th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0134277554/) - [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) - - As a review and problem recognition - - The algorithm catalog portion is well beyond the scope of difficulty you'll get in an interview - - This book has 2 parts: - - Class textbook on data structures and algorithms - - Pros: - - Is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be - - Nice stories from his experiences solving problems in industry and academia - - Code examples in C - - Cons: - - Can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects - - Chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have - - Don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material - - Algorithm catalog: - - This is the real reason you buy this book - - About to get to this part. Will update here once I've made my way through it - - Can rent it on kindle - - Answers: + - Qaytarish uchun va muammoni tanib olish uchun + - Algoritm katalog qismi intervyularda tushadigan savollardan ancha qiyin + - Bu kitob ikki qismdan iborat: + - Data strukturalar va algoritmlar bo'yicha sinf darslik kitobi + - Yaxshi taraflari: + - Boshqa algoritm sinf darsliklari kabi qaytarish uchun yaxshi + - Ishda va akademiyada bo'lgan o'zining masala yechish tajribasidan yaxshi hikoyalar bor + - Kod namunalari C da + - Yomon taraflari: + - CLRS kabi zich va tushinishga qiyin bo'lishi mumkin, va hatto bir xil mavzularga CLRS yaxshiroq bo'lishi mumkin + - Bazi narsalar yetarlicha yoritilmagani uchun, 7, 8, 9-boblar tushunishga qiyin (Ehtimol menikidan aqlliroq kalla kerakdir) + - Meni noto'g'ri tushunmang: Menga Skiena, uni o'qitish uslubi, va mannerizmi yoqadi, lekin men Stony Brook universitetdagilar kabi emasman + - Algoritm katalogi: + - Bu kitobni sotib olishingizni asl sababi + - Bu qismga yetib qoldim. Tugatganimdan so'ng bu yerni yangilab qo'yaman + - kindleda ijaraga olsangiz bo'ladi + - Javoblar - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) - [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) - - The book was published in 2004, and is somewhat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief - - The author invented [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly), so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like - - These chapters are worth the read to give you a nice foundation: + - Kitob 2004-yilda nashr etilgan va bir oz eskirgan, lekin kompyuterni qisqa vaqta tushunish uchun zo'r resurs + - Muallif [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly) ni kashf etgan. Shunday ekan, HLA haqida gaplar va namunalarga skeptik qarang. Keng ishlatilmaydi lekin assembly qanday ko'rinishini ko'rsatadigan namunalar + - Bu boblar sizga kompyuterni tushunishda yaxshi bilim poydevori bo'ladi - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation @@ -1465,33 +1463,33 @@ You're never really done. - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization - [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) - - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently - - AKA CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game + - **Muhim:** Bu kitobni o'qish siz uchun cheklangan qiymatga ega. Bu kitob algoritmlar va data strukturalar tahlili uchun zo'r, lekin yaxshi kod yozishni o'rgatmaydi. O'zingiz to'g'ri yechim topishingiz kerak bo'ladi + - CLR nomi bilan ham tanilgan (bazida CLRS chunki Stein keyinroq kitob mualliflariga qo'shilgan) - [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) - - For a richer, more up-to-date (2017), but longer treatment + - Nisbatan ancha boyroq va yangiroq (2017), lekin uzunroq yozilgan - [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) - - The first couple of chapters present clever solutions to programming problems (some very old using data tape) but - that is just an intro. This a guidebook on program design and architecture + - Boshlang'ich bir ikki boblari muammolarga ajoyib yechimlar taqdim qiladi, lekin bu shunchaki kirish. + Bu kitob dastur dizayn va arxitekturasi uchun qo'llanma -## Additional Learning +## Qo'shimcha o'rganish - I added them to help you become a well-rounded software engineer, and to be aware of certain - technologies and algorithms, so you'll have a bigger toolbox. + Men bularni har tomonlama rivojlangan dasturchi bo'lishingizga yordam berish va ba'zi texnologiyalar va algoritmlar xabardor bo'lishingiz uchun qo'shdim + texnologiyalar va algoritmlar, Natijada sizda kattaroq asboblar qutisi bo'ladi. -- ### Compilers +- ### Kompilyatorlar - [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) - [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) - [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) - [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) -- ### Emacs and vi(m) - - Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor +- ### Emacs va vi(m) + - Unix-ga asoslangan kod muharriri (code editor) bilan tanishib chiqing - vi(m): - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) - - set of 4 videos: + - 4 ta videolar to'plami: - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) @@ -1499,7 +1497,7 @@ You're never really done. - [Using Vi Instead of Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) - emacs: - [Basics Emacs Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) - - set of 3 (videos): + - 3 ta videolar to'plami: - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) @@ -1507,8 +1505,8 @@ You're never really done. - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) -- ### Unix command line tools - - I filled in the list below from good tools. +- ### Unix uchun buyruqlar ro'yxati + - Quyidagi ro'yxatni yaxshi vositalardan to'ldirdim. - bash - cat - grep @@ -1521,15 +1519,15 @@ You're never really done. - [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) - [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) -- ### Information theory (videos) +- ### Ma'lumot nazariyasi (videolar) - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) - - More about Markov processes: + - Markov protseslari haqida batafsil: - [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) - [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) - [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) - - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below + - Batafsil quyida MIT 6.050J-ning Ma'lumot va Entropiya seriyalarida ko'ring -- ### Parity & Hamming Code (videos) +- ### Parity va "Hamming Code" (videolar) - [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) - [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) - Hamming Code: @@ -1537,21 +1535,21 @@ You're never really done. - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) - [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) -- ### Entropy - - Also see videos below - - Make sure to watch information theory videos first +- ### Entropiya + - Quyidagi videolarni ko'ring + - Avval ma'lumot nazariyasi videolarini tomosha qiling - [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) -- ### Cryptography - - Also see videos below - - Make sure to watch information theory videos first +- ### Kriptografiya + - Quyidagi videolarni ham ko'ring + - Avval ma'lumot nazariyasi videolarini tomosha qiling - [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) - [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) - [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) -- ### Compression - - Make sure to watch information theory videos first - - Computerphile (videos): +- ### Kompressiya + - Avval ma'lumot nazariyasi videolarini tomosha qiling + - Computerphile (videolar): - [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) - [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) - [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) @@ -1561,7 +1559,7 @@ You're never really done. - [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) - [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) -- ### Computer Security +- ### Kompyuter xavfsizligi - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) @@ -1576,16 +1574,16 @@ You're never really done. - [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- ### Garbage collection +- ### Chiqindi yig'ish (Garbage collection) - [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) - [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) -- ### Parallel Programming +- ### Paralel dasturlash - [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) - [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) -- ### Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems +- ### Xabar almashish, Serializatsiya, va Queue Tizimlar - [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) - [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) @@ -1620,7 +1618,7 @@ You're never really done. - [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) - ### Bloom Filter - - Given a Bloom filter with m bits and k hashing functions, both insertion and membership testing are O(k) + - m-ta bitlik va k-ta hashlash funksiyalik Bloom filterda elementni joylash va tekshirish O(k) ish vaqtini oladi - [Bloom Filters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) @@ -1629,175 +1627,174 @@ You're never really done. - ### HyperLogLog - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) -- ### Locality-Sensitive Hashing - - Used to determine the similarity of documents - - The opposite of MD5 or SHA which are used to determine if 2 documents/strings are exactly the same +- ### Locality-Sensitive Hashlash + - dokumentlarni o'xshashligini tekshirish uchun ishlatiladi + - MD5 va SHA teskarisi. MD5 va SHA esa dokumentlar/stringlarni bir xilligini tekshirish uchun ishlatiladi - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) -- ### van Emde Boas Trees +- ### van Emde Boas Tree-lari - [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) - [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) -- ### Augmented Data Structures +- ### Kattalashtirilgan Data Strukturalari - [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) -- ### Balanced search trees - - Know at least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented): - - "Among balanced search trees, AVL and 2/3 trees are now passé, and red-black trees seem to be more popular. - A particularly interesting self-organizing data structure is the splay tree, which uses rotations - to move any accessed key to the root." - Skiena +- ### Balanced search tree-lar + - Kamida bitta balanced binary tree turini biling (va uni qanday yozishni ham biling) + - "Balanced search tree-lar orasida, AVL va 2/3 tree-lar hozir o'tmishga aylangan, va red-black tree-lar ancha mashhurroq. + Xususan qiziqarli bo'lgan o'z-o'zini tashkil qiladigan data struktura bu splay tree. Splay tree + har safar key so'ralganda uni rotatsiyadan foydalangan holda root-ga o'tkazadi." - Skiena - Of these, I chose to implement a splay tree. From what I've read, you won't implement a - balanced search tree in your interview. But I wanted exposure to coding one up - and let's face it, splay trees are the bee's knees. I did read a lot of red-black tree code - - Splay tree: insert, search, delete functions - If you end up implementing red/black tree try just these: - - Search and insertion functions, skipping delete - - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets + - Bulardan men splay tree-ni kodda yozishni tanladim. Bilishimcha intervyuda sizdan balanced search tree-ni + yozishni so'rashmaydi. Lekin men baribir yozishni xohladim va tan olaylik splay tree-lar zo'r. + Men juda ko'p red-black tree kodlarini ham o'qidim. + - Splay tree: insert, search, delete funksiyalari + Agar red-black tree-ni yozadigan bo'lsangiz faqat shularni yozishga harakat qiling: + - Search va insertion funksiyalari, delete-ni tashlab ketavering + - Men B-tree-lar haqida ko'proq o'rganmoqchiman chunki ular katta data to'plamlari bilan juda ko'p ishlatiladi - [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) - - **AVL trees** - - In practice: - From what I can tell, these aren't used much in practice, but I could see where they would be: - The AVL tree is another structure supporting O(log n) search, insertion, and removal. It is more rigidly - balanced than red–black trees, leading to slower insertion and removal but faster retrieval. This makes it - attractive for data structures that may be built once and loaded without reconstruction, such as language - dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter) + - **AVL tree-lar** + - Amalda: + Meni fikrimda AVL tree-lar amalda uncha ishlatilmaydi. Lekin men qayerda ishlatilishi mumkinligini ayta olaman: + AVL bu search, insertion, va removal funksiyalarini O(log n) tezligida qila oladigan yana bitta struktura. AVL tree-lar + red-black tree-larga nisbatan ancha uzil-kesil balanslangan. Shuning uchun insertion va removal sekin, lekin search tezroq. + Shu sababli u bir marta qurilib qayta-qayta yuklanib ishlatiladigan data strukturalari uchun juda qo'l keladi. + Masalan: til lug'atlari yoki dastur lu'gatlari (assembler va interpreter opcode-lari) - [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) - **Splay trees** - - In practice: - Splay trees are typically used in the implementation of caches, memory allocators, routers, garbage collectors, - data compression, ropes (replacement of string used for long text strings), in Windows NT (in the virtual memory, - networking and file system code) etc + - Amalda: + Splay tree-lar asosan cache-lar, memory allocator-lar, router-lar, garbage collector-lar, data compressiya, + rope data struktura, Windows NT, va hokazo componentlarni qurish uchun ishlatiladi - [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) - - MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: - - Gets very mathy, but watch the last 10 minutes for sure. + - MIT ma'ruza: Splay Trees: + - Juda ko'p matematika aralashgan, lekin aniq oxirgi 10 minutini ko'ring - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) - - **Red/black trees** - - These are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below). - - In practice: - Red–black trees offer worst-case guarantees for insertion time, deletion time, and search time. - Not only does this make them valuable in time-sensitive applications such as real-time applications, - but it makes them valuable building blocks in other data structures which provide worst-case guarantees; - for example, many data structures used in computational geometry can be based on red–black trees, and - the Completely Fair Scheduler used in current Linux kernels uses red–black trees. In the version 8 of Java, - the Collection HashMap has been modified such that instead of using a LinkedList to store identical elements with poor - hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used - - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - **Red/black tree-lar** + - Bular 2-3 tree-ni tarjimasi (pastni ko'ring) + - Amalda: + Red-black tree-lar insertion, deletion va search uchun eng-yomon ish vaqtini kafolatlaydi. + Uni shu xususiyati vaqt juda muhim bo'lgan dasturlarda foydali qiladi. Hamda eng-yomon vaqtni + kafolat qiladigan data strukturalarni foydali bir qismi bo'lib ishlaydi; + masalan, kompyutatsion geometriyada ishlatiladigan ko'p data strukturalar red-black tree-larga asoslanishi mumkin + va hozirgi Linux kernellarda ishlatiladigan "Completely Fair Scheduler" red-black tree ishlatadi. Javaning 8 versiyasida, + oldin bir xil bo'lgan elementlari saqlash uchun LinkedList ishlatgan HashMap data strukturasi o'zgartirilib + hozirda Red-Black tree ishlatadi + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link videoni kerakli joyidan boshlaydi) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) - - **2-3 search trees** - - In practice: - 2-3 trees have faster inserts at the expense of slower searches (since height is more compared to AVL trees). - - You would use 2-3 tree very rarely because its implementation involves different types of nodes. Instead, people use Red Black trees. + - **2-3 search tree-lar** + - Amalda: + 2-3 tree-lar sekinroq ishlaydigan search operatsiyasi hisobiga juda tez insert operatsiyasiga ega. + - 2-3 tree-lar kamdan-kam ishlatiladi chunki uni kodda yozish uchun har xil node-lar kerak bo'ladi. O'rniga, odamlar Red Black tree-larni ishlatadi - [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) - [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** - - In practice: - For every 2-4 tree, there are corresponding red–black trees with data elements in the same order. The insertion and deletion - operations on 2-4 trees are also equivalent to color-flipping and rotations in red–black trees. This makes 2-4 trees an - important tool for understanding the logic behind red–black trees, and this is why many introductory algorithm texts introduce - 2-4 trees just before red–black trees, even though **2-4 trees are not often used in practice**. + - **2-3-4 Tree-lar (shuningdek 2-4 tree nomi bilan tanilgan)** + - Amalda: + Har 2-4 tree uchun unga mos elementlari bir xil tartibda bo'lgan red-black bor. Insertion va deletion funksiyalari red-black + tree-dagi color-flipping va rotation funksiyalariga tengma-tengdir. Bu xususiyati uni red-black tree-larni tagidagi mantiqni + tushunishda juda muhim rol o'ynaydi va shuning uchun ko'p kirish algoritm kitoblari red-black tree-dan oldin 2-4 treelar haqida gapiradi, + garchi **2-4 tree-lar amalda uncha ko'p ishlatilmasa**. - [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) - [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) - - **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** - - note: the N or K is the branching factor (max branches) - - binary trees are a 2-ary tree, with branching factor = 2 + - **N-talik (K-talik, M-talik) tree-lar** + - eslatma: N va K bu branchlash faktori (maksimum branchlar) + - binary tree-lar bu branchlash faktor = 2 bo'lgan 2-talik tree-lar - 2-3 trees are 3-ary + - 2-3 tree-lar 3-talik xisoblanadi - [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) - - **B-Trees** - - Fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor). - - In Practice: - B-Trees are widely used in databases. Most modern filesystems use B-trees (or Variants). In addition to - its use in databases, the B-tree is also used in filesystems to allow quick random access to an arbitrary - block in a particular file. The basic problem is turning the file block i address into a disk block - (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address + - **B-Tree** + - Qiziq fakt: bu noma'lum, lekin B-tree-dagi B Boeing, Balanced, yoki Bayerdan (boshqa ixtirochisi) olingan bo'lishi mumkin + - Amalda: + B-Tree-lar malumotlar bazasida keng ishlatiladi. Ko'p zamonaviy fayl tizimlari B-tree yoki uni boshqa variantlarini ishlatadi. + Malumotlar bazasidan tashqari, B-Tree-lar berilgan fayldagi tasodifiy bo'lakni tez o'qishga yordam beradi. Berilgan i fayl bo'lak adresini disk bo'lak adresiga aylantirish asosiy muammodir. - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) - [B-Tree Datastructure](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) - [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) - [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + - keshga e'tiborsiz B-Tree-lar haqida, juda qiziq data strukturalari + - birinchi 37 minuti juda texnik, o'tkazib yuborsangiz bo'ladi (B bu bo'lak hajmi, kesh qator hajmi) -- ### k-D Trees - - Great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object - - A good fit for k-nearest neighbors +- ### k-D Tree-lar + - Uchburchak ichidagi nuqtalarni topish uchun yoki yuqori o'lchivli obyektlar uchun juda zo'r + - k-ta yaqin qo'shnilarni topish uchun mos - [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) - [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) -- ### Skip lists - - "These are somewhat of a cult data structure" - Skiena +- ### Skip listlar + - "Bular qandaydir kult data strukturalari" - Skiena - [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) -- ### Network Flows +- ### Network Flow - [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) - [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) -- ### Disjoint Sets & Union Find +- ### Disjoint Set & Union Find - [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) - [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) -- ### Math for Fast Processing +- ### Tez xisoblash uchun Matematika - [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) - ### Treap - - Combination of a binary search tree and a heap + - Binary search tree va heapni birikmasi - [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) - [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) - [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) -- ### Linear Programming (videos) +- ### Linear Programming (videolar) - [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) - [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) - [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) - [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) -- ### Geometry, Convex hull (videos) +- ### Geometry, Convex hull (videolar) - [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) - [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) -- ### Discrete math - - See videos below +- ### Diskret matematika + - Pastdagi videolarni ko'ring - ### Machine Learning - - Why ML? + - Nega ML? - [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) - [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) - [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) - [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) - [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) - [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) - - [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) - - [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) - - Courses: - - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) - - [videos only](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) - - see videos 12-18 for a review of linear algebra (14 and 15 are duplicates) + - [Tensorflow Tutoriallari](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) + - [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (Theano ishlatgan holda)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + - Kurslar: + - [Zo'r boshlovchi kurs: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) + - [faqat videolari](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) + - 12-dan 18-gacha videolar chiqizli algebrani qaytarish uchun (14 va 15 dublikat) - [Neural Networks for Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) - [Metis Online Course ($99 for 2 months)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) - - Resources: - - Books: + - Manbalar: + - Kitoblar: - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) @@ -1806,11 +1803,11 @@ You're never really done. --- -## Additional Detail on Some Subjects +## Ba'zi mavzular bo'yicha qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar - I added these to reinforce some ideas already presented above, but didn't want to include them - above because it's just too much. It's easy to overdo it on a subject. - You want to get hired in this century, right? + Men bularni Yuqorida keltirilgan ba'zi fikrlarni mustahkamlash uchun qo'shdim, lekin yuqorida qo'shishni xohlamadim + chunki juda ko'p resurslarni o'z ichiga oladi. Bitta mavzuda juda ko'p qolib ketish ham yaxshi emas. + Siz shu asrda ishga qabul qilinishingizni xohlaysiz shundaymi? - **SOLID** - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) @@ -1836,7 +1833,7 @@ You're never really done. - [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) - [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) -- **More Dynamic Programming** (videos) +- **Dinamik dasturlash haqida batafsil** (videolar) - [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) - [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) - [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) @@ -1845,11 +1842,11 @@ You're never really done. - [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) - [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) -- **Advanced Graph Processing** (videos) +- **Advanced Graph Processing** (videolar) - [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) - [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) -- MIT **Probability** (mathy, and go slowly, which is good for mathy things) (videos): +- MIT **Ehtimollik nazariyasi** (matematikaga oid, sekin asstalik bilan ko'rib chiqing, matematikaga oid narsalar uchun yaxshi) (videolar): - [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) @@ -1862,7 +1859,7 @@ You're never really done. - [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) - **String Matching** - - Rabin-Karp (videos): + - Rabin-Karp (videolar): - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) @@ -1870,31 +1867,31 @@ You're never really done. - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) - Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): - [TThe Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) - - Boyer–Moore string search algorithm + - Boyer–Moore string search algoritmi - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) - [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) - - starts off great, but by the time it gets past KMP it gets more complicated than it needs to be - - nice explanation of tries - - can be skipped + - juda yaxshi boshlanadi, ammo KMPdan o'tib ketishi bilan u kerak bo'lgandan ko'ra murakkabroq bo'ladi + - tries ning yaxshi tarifi berilgan + - o'tqazib yuborishingiz mumkin - **Sorting** - - Stanford lectures on sorting: + - Sorting bo'yicha Stanford universiteti ma'ruzalari: - [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): - [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) - [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) - - Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: + - Steven Skienaning sorting mavzusidagi ma'ruzalari: - [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) - [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) -## Video Series +## Video Seriyalar -Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P +Qulay joylashib oling va maroqlaning. "Netflix va skillar" :P - [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) @@ -1910,7 +1907,7 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) -- CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) +- CSE373 - Algoritmlarning tahlillari (25 ta videolar to'plami) - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) - [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) @@ -1956,40 +1953,40 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) -## Computer Science Courses +## Computer Science Kurslari - [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) - [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) -## Algorithms implementation +## Algoritmlarning kodda yozilishi - [Multiple Algorithms implementation by Princeton University)](https://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/code) -## Papers +## Maqolalar - [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) - [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) - [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) - - replaced by Colossus in 2012 + - 2012 yilda Kolossus bilan almashtirildi - [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) - - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow? + - Asosan Cloud Dataflow bilan almashtirilganmi?? - [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) - [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) - [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) - - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution + - The Dynamo maqolasi NoSQL revolyutsiyasini boshladi - [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) - [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) - [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) - [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) - - paper not available + - maqolaning o'zi mavjud emas - 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) -- 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: - - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) +- 2013: Spanner: Googlening global tarqatilgan ma'lumotlar bazasi: + - [maqola](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) - [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) - [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) @@ -1999,6 +1996,6 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) -## LICENSE +## Litsenziya [CC-BY-SA-4.0](./LICENSE.txt)